13 resultados para Sociocultural perspective

em Universidad del Rosario, Colombia


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El Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory – ZTPI (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) es una escala compuesta por cinco factores (pasado positivo, pasado negativo, presente hedonista, presente fatalista y futuro) que evalúa la perspectiva temporal de forma multidimensional superando, de esta forma, una de las limitaciones señaladas en otros instrumentos creados en el pasado. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la estructura factorial de una versión portuguesa del ZTPI en una muestra de 277 estudiantes universitarios portugueses con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 53 años (M = 22, DE = 5.43). Fueron encontrados 5 factores que explican 35.25% de la varianza total. Estos resultados son muy parecidos a los expuestos por Zimbardo y Boyd (1999) en la publicación original del instrumento.

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Integrado no conceito mais geral da perspetiva temporal, o futuro transcendental tem sido conceptualizado como uma dimensão que abrange as crenças sobre o futuro a partir da morte imaginada do corpo físico até ao infinito. A transcendental-future time perspective scale (TFTPS) é uma escala unidimensional composta por 10 itens que avalia as cognições relacionadas com este espaço temporal. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a adaptação à língua e cultura portuguesa desta escala, assim como a sua estrutura fatorial e características psicométricas numa amostra de 346 participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 54 anos (M = 19.87, DP = 4.27). Os resultados encontrados através da análise fatorial exploratória validaram a unidimensionalidade da escala (65.94 % de variância total explicada, α = 0.87).

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In the formative research scheme, the author built a psychological scale, with the purpose of analyzing psychological characteristics of the School of Psychology students. The instrument showed a high reliability coefficient (α=0,86), the exploratory factorial analysis found five variables which allowed to predict some aspects of sex and career level through a logistic regression; the ALSCAL showed two emotional dimensions. The author recommends to improve the instrument and to continue its application in the School. It is also necessary to develop qualitative research to acquire new data about the topic of the research.

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El trabajo que presentamos tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar los mecanismos semióticos en virtud de los cuales el desarrollo cognitivo de los individuos es construido en interacciones de naturaleza instruccional. Se maneja una consideración de la interiorización, como el resultado de un conjunto de acciones que instructoras y aprendices desarrollan en la resolución conjunta de problemas. Se defiende que el empleo de diferentes mecanismos semióticos, especialmente la perspectiva referencial, pueden contribuir a esta transición. Se presentarán los resultados obtenidos en una investigación en el marco de la Educación de Adultos en las que uno de los miembros de una pareja actúa de instructor y otro de aprendiz. Estos debían construir conjuntamente unas historias con una serie de tarjetas para después narrar su contenido. El análisis se centra en el nivel estratégico de las acciones así como en los procedimientos semióticos empleados en la mediación de éstas

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El objetivo de esta investigación fue revisar la producción científica sobre suicidio en la población infantil, mediante un análisis bibliométrico de los artículos publicados durante el período 1985-2005, en las bases de datos Lilacs, Medline, Ebsco Host y Ovid. El número de artículos revisados fue 84, siendo Estados Unidos el país de mayor producción con un 65,85% de los trabajos publicados. Casi el total de los artículos se encuentran firmados por uno, dos o tres autores; los autores más productivos son Shaffer, King, Kazdin, Jiang, Rosenbaum, Bridge, Axelson, Brent, Ryan y Mann cada uno con dos trabajos publicados y Pfeffer con un total de cuatro artículos. Los contenidos más comunes son los de revisión teórica del suicidio en niños (conceptualización, suicidio consumado, ideación suicida e intención suicida) y evaluación de suicidio en esta población.

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This article presents an evolutionary perspective to the study of human development. Some general assumptions for the study of development are discussed and the principal building blocks of evolutionary psychology are presented. One of them is that there is a universal human nature (which is modulate also by particular conditions of each context) and the cognitive architecture of human beings is the resulted of interactions between genes and environment. Based on those, and other assumptions, directions for the study of child development in an evolutionary stance are discussed, along with the considerations of context and development. Thus, it is assumed there is a relationship between phylogenies and ontogenetic development (the ontogenesis needs to be understood also as a product of evolution), considering the inseparability of biological, socio-cultural, cognitive emotional aspects that constitute this development. It has been concluded that the evolutionary developmental psychology has scientific relevance because it broadens our vision on human development.

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The psychology of motivation has a long tradition and history in psychology. In fact, we consider that, to a certain extent, understanding the history of the psychology of motivation is understanding great part of which has been psychology itself, since the main target of psychology was, and is, to try to explain behaviour, and the aim of psychology of motivation is to find out the causes of behaviour. In its long passage to the present time, there have been three perspectives that have monopolized most of the investigation: the biological, the behavioural and the cognitive. They are not excluding. Each one of them has been predominant in certain stages, although the same attention was paid to the other two. Nowadays, the biological and cognitive perspectives are those that receive greater attention from the investigators. The historical direction in the study of the psychology of motivation represents an important solution to know how the events that have given rise to the present consideration about the psychology of motivation were forged. To know the past helps us to understand the present, at the same time it allows us to hypothesise with great probability of success which will be the future in the study object.

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Objective: To establish a prediction model of the degree of disability in adults with Spinal CordInjury (SCI ) based on the use of the WHO-DAS II . Methods: The disability degree was correlatedwith three variable groups: clinical, sociodemographic and those related with rehabilitation services.A model of multiple linear regression was built to predict disability. 45 people with sci exhibitingdiverse etiology, neurological level and completeness participated. Patients were older than 18 andthey had more than a six-month post-injury. The WHO-DAS II and the ASIA impairment scale(AIS ) were used. Results: Variables that evidenced a significant relationship with disability were thefollowing: occupational situation, type of affiliation to the public health care system, injury evolutiontime, neurological level, partial preservation zone, ais motor and sensory scores and number ofclinical complications during the last year. Complications significantly associated to disability werejoint pain, urinary infections, intestinal problems and autonomic disreflexia. None of the variablesrelated to rehabilitation services showed significant association with disability. The disability degreeexhibited significant differences in favor of the groups that received the following services: assistivedevices supply and vocational, job or educational counseling. Conclusions: The best predictiondisability model in adults with sci with more than six months post-injury was built with variablesof injury evolution time, AIS sensory score and injury-related unemployment.

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In recent years the issue of social responsibility is becoming more important, which isreflected in the companies have incorporated it into their agenda of interests. In this sense,the article is intended to make a first approach to the level of implementation efforts, aswell as their prospects for the future. We interviewed a total of 144 people representingdifferent economic sectors. We conclude that the majority of executives do not have aclear understanding of the modern concept of RS nor of its benefits, it limits the concept tophilanthropy and actions are oriented to the community and environment.

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El presente documento tuvo como objetivo el diagnóstico de las prácticas de alimentación de interés en nutrición y salud pública y la percepción de seguridad alimentaria en los hogares del municipio de Pacho departamento de Cundinamarca, información que permitió hacer análisis descriptivo de las frecuencias de consumo de los grupos alimentarios y la cualificación de seguridad en cuanto al acceso a los alimentos. Lo anterior se desarrolló mediante la adaptación de dos de los cinco formularios estructurados para la encuesta nacional de situación nutricional en Colombia del año 2010 liderado por el ministerio de protección social; las encuestas fueron realizadas a 400 personas jefe de hogar de acuerdo a muestreo aleatorio estratificado. El estudio mostró que hay inseguridad alimentaria total en un 34,7%, lo que incluye una percepción de inseguridad en un 3% del total de las familias encuestadas. Por último el estudio permitió concluir la importancia de fortalecer los programas de gobierno existentes, en aras de permitir el favorecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional y el cambio de hábitos de nutrición desde una perspectiva intersectorial donde se incluyan los factores sociales, culturales, económicos y ecológicos de la comunidad orientados a estilos de vida saludables transcendentales en prevenir y disminuir el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.

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El interés de este caso de estudio es analizar la relación entre la toma de decisión política, la materialización de ésta en el espacio público y la afectación que genera en los usuarios, puntualmente en la peatonalización de la Carrera Séptima en Bogotá. A partir de una revisión histórica del centro de Bogotá como un centro popular hasta llegar a la decisión tomada por el gobierno de Gustavo Petro y en el marco de los estudios de E. Pol y T. Vidal como referentes para entender las consecuencias que genera la decisión política en los usuarios, se analiza este espacio peatonal hoy, con el fin de entender las dinámicas de apropiación territorial. Finalmente, se formulan conclusiones frente a la relación entre política, espacio público y usuarios como resultado de una acción de gobierno frente a las dinámicas de gestión urbana en Bogotá.

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This paper investigates the role of works councils in a simple agency framework in whichworks councils are supposed to monitor manager's information on behalf of the workforce,but they are independent agents who might pursue their private interest. First, we considerthat workers can incentivize works councils through contingent monetary payments. In orderto deter collusion, workers must pay higher compensations in states of nature where they canbe expropriated by potential coalitions among works councils and management. Collusionmakes contingent payments costly and reduces workers' payoffs. Second, when elections areused to align works councils' interest only well compensated representatives would face aninter-temporal trade-off between accepting management's transfers at first period and losingrents at the second period. Elections increase the cost of entering on collusive behaviour withmanagement and works councils will try to behave on the employees' interest.

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This paper investigates the role of works councils in a simple agency framework in which works councils are supposed to monitor manager’s information on behalf of the workforce, but they are independent agents who might pursue their private interest. First, we consider that workers can incentivize works councils through contingent monetary payments. In order to deter collusion, workers must pay higher compensations in states of nature where they can be expropriated by potential coalitions among works councils and management. Collusion makes contingent payments costly and reduces workers’ payoffs. Second, when elections are the exclusive mechanisms to align works councils’ interest, only well compensated representatives would face an intertemporal tradeoff between accepting management’s transfers at first period and losing rents at the second period. Elections increase the cost of entering on collusive behavior with management and works councils will try to behave on the employees’ interest.