Marco conceptual para el análisis y comprensión de la política pública distrital en salud y educación para la población en condición de desplazamiento

El Distrito Capital de Bogotá se ha convertido en constante receptor de población en estado de desplazamiento forzado, y dada la condición de extrema vulnerabilidad de la población desplazada, no sólo por el hecho mismo del desplazamiento forzado, sino también porque en la mayor parte de los casos se trata de personas tales como mujeres cabeza de familia, menores de edad, personas de la tercera edad y minorías étnicas, ha persistido en el tiempo la violación de los derechos de la población en condición de desplazamiento, las autoridades competentes han implementado políticas públicas para establecer los correctivos suficientes y con ello superar las violaciones detectadas, a pesar de la insuficiencia de recursos económicos dada la evolución y magnitud del fenómeno de desplazamiento forzado.

Small-area variation in health care affecting the choice of cesarean delivery: the case of a Colombian health insurer

In the midst of health care reform, Colombia has succeeded in increasing health insurance coverage and the quality of health care. In spite of this, efficiency continues to be a matter of concern, and small-area variations in health care are one of the plausible causes of such inefficiencies. In order to understand this issue, we use individual data of all births from a Contributory-Regimen insurer in Colombia. We perform two different specifications of a multilevel logistic regression model. Our results reveal that hospitals account for 20% of variation on the probability of performing cesarean sections. Geographic area only explains 1/3 of the variance attributable to the hospital. Furthermore, some variables from both demand and supply sides are found to be also relevant on the probability of undergoing cesarean sections. This paper contributes to previous research by using a hierarchical model and by defining hospitals as cluster. Moreover, we also include clinical and supply induced demand variables.

Natural resources, redistribution and Human capital formation

How do resource booms affect human capital accumulation? We exploit time and spatial variation generated by the commodity boom across local governments in Peru to measure the effect of natural resources on human capital formation. We explore the effect of both mining production and tax revenues on test scores, finding a substantial and statistically significant effect for the latter. Transfers to local governments from mining tax revenues are linked to an increase in math test scores of around 0.23 standard deviations. We find that the hiring of permanent teachers as well as the increases in parental employment and improvements in health outcomes of adults and children are plausible mechanisms for such large effect on learning. These findings suggest that redistributive policies could facilitate the accumulation of human capital in resource abundant developing countries as a way to avoid the natural resources curse.