Análisis del sector de energía eléctrica colombiano y regional-negociación de energía eléctrica CEMEX Colombia SA

En el área de Abastecimiento de CEMEX COLOMBIA SA se encuentra el foco de las negociaciones con proveedores de la empresa. Es en esta área donde se realizan contratos a largo plazo con las empresas que suministran los insumos vitales para la producción de cemento y concreto. Uno de estos insumos es la energía eléctrica. Necesaria en todo proceso productivo, la energía eléctrica se convierte, entonces, en una de las negociaciones más críticas para la empresa teniendo en cuenta el impacto en la operación y en el gasto. De igual forma, toda negociación requiere de un estudio riguroso previo por medio del cual se llegue a una postura informada al momento de negociar. Es así como CEMEX COLOMBIA SA, a través de sus negociadores, se prepara investigando el mercado nacional y regional de energía eléctrica, sus variables influyentes y las proyecciones de desarrollo. Luego de esta investigación y del análisis del sector, CEMEX COLOMBIA SA asume una posición firme en la que sabe que los planes de expansión y el desarrollo esperado del sector plantean un mercado con capacidad instalada suficiente para el suministro de energía hasta 2017. De esta manera, se cierra un contrato a dos años con Emgesa, filial de la multinacional española Endesa.

Relationship between physical capacity and quality of life in workers university

Aim: Examine the relationship between the functional capacity and the quality of life related to health in university workers. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in 146 subjects, divided in two groups: Low functional Capacity (< 9 METs) and High functional Capacity (> 9.1 METs). We evaluated quality of life related to health (HRQOL-Health Questionnaire SF-12) and functional capacity (Questionnaire PAR/PAF) as indicators of health status. Results: 47.3% (69 men) and 52.7% (78 women). The average age of the groups was 35.0 ± 9.7 years (range 19,0-60,0 years). For HRQOL, the average found in the population assessed was 45.2 ± 4.42 (range 33,0-58,1) and 43.8 ± 6.87 (range 19,8-43,8) in components Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) and Mental Component Summary (MCS-12), respectively p = NS. Significant differences were found when comparing functional ability and sex, p<0,001 in both groups. Similarly, sex and mental component MCS-12 (group of Lower Functional) p = 0,049 as well as women and the physical component PCS-12, p = 0,05 between groups. Finally, a better score in HRQL observed in the group of High Capacity and functional components in both sex OR 0.59 (0.25-1.38). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the relationship between High functional Capacity and a better HRQOL in this population.

Controlling regional monopolies in the natural gas industry: the role of transport capacity

This paper analyzes some optimal fiscal, pricing, and capacity investment policies for controlling regional monopoly power in the natural gas industry. By letting the set of control instruments available to the social planner vary, we provide a characterization of the technological and demand conditions under which “excess” capacity in the transport network arises in response to the loss of the two other control instruments, namely, transfers and pricing. Hence, the analysis yields some insights on an economy’s incentives to invest in infrastructures for the purpose of integrating geographically isolated markets.

Investment in transport capacity and regulation of regional monopolies in natural gas commodity markets

This paper develops a model of the regulator-regulated firm relationship in a regional natural gas commodity market which can be linked to a competitive market by a pipeline. We characterize normative policies under which the regulator, in addition to setting the level of the capacity of the pipeline, regulates the price of gas, under asymmetric information on the firm’s technology, and may (or may not) operate (two-way) transfers between consumers and the firm. We then focus on capacity and investigate how its level responds to the regulator’s taking account of the firm’s incentive compatibility constraints. The analysis yields some insights on the role that transport capacity investments may play as an instrument to improve the efficiency of geographically isolated markets.