8 resultados para Divided Difference

em Universidad del Rosario, Colombia


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La enuresis es un trastorno frecuente en niños, afecta el desempeño social y familiar. Se desconoce en nuestro medio la relación entre enuresis, trastornos del comportamiento y disfunción familiar. Objetivo: Determinar diferencias entre un grupo de niños con enuresis y un grupo control, atendidos en la Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio en la frecuencia de disfunción familiar y trastornos del comportamiento a través de cuestionarios diligenciados por las madres. Materiales y métodos: Diseño Corte Transversal con componente analítico. Se formaron 2 grupos: niños con enuresis y un grupo comparable sin enuresis. Se realizó entrevista a las madres quienes diligenciaron el cuestionario apgar familiar y de capacidades y dificultades. Se compararon los puntajes obtenidos en ambos grupos. Resultados: El grupo de pacientes con enuresis mostró disfunción familiar con mayor frecuencia que en el grupo control (P = 0,005). Las variables de comportamiento se dividieron en 5 categorías: síntomas emocionales, problemas de conducta, hiperactividad, problemas en relación con los pares y conducta prosocial. Se encontraron puntajes totales anormales con mayor frecuencia en el grupo con enuresis (P < 0,001). Ambos grupos tuvieron diferencias significativas para cada una de las 4 primeras categorías. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con enuresis presentan con mayor frecuencia disfunción familiar y trastornos del comportamiento. El diseño del presente estudio no permite establecer relaciones de causalidad, pero sí recomendar incluir en el estudio de paciente con Enuresis una evaluación de la funcionalidad familiar y comportamiento de los niños además de los estudios dirigidos a descartar trastornos orgánicos relacionados.

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Identificar y evaluar la existencia de posibles diferencias entre los resultados de dos técnicas quirúrgicas para resección de ganglión oculto usadas en el Institut Kaplan en Barcelona. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles. Se intervinieron ochenta y dos muñecas que se dividieron en dos grupos. En el grupo I, se incluyeron por cincuenta y una muñecas en las que se les realizó la resección del ganglión oculto junto con todo el grosor del ligamento escafo-semilunar dorsal. En el grupo II se incluyeron treinta y una muñecas en las que se les resecó el ganglión sin resecar el ligamento escafo-semilunar. Se tomó la información de registros consignados entre 1994 hasta octubre de 2010 y se realizó un seguimiento clínico y telefónico en ambos grupos para valorar el estado actual. Dentro de los resultados postoperatorios se evaluó la reaparición del dolor, la presencia de inestabilidad postoperatoria y la fuerza con respecto al preoperatorio y la disminución de la movilidad articular. Resultados: No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados postoperatorios de ambos grupos y ninguno de los pacientes presentó recidiva del ganglión. Conclusión: Consideramos que se requiere un estudio con mayor tamaño de muestra que pueda evidenciar las diferencias posiblemente existentes que no fueron detectadas en este estudio. Con la integridad de los otros elementos estabilizadores, la sección del ligamento escafosemilunar no hace aparecer signos clínicos de inestabilidad escafolunar.

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Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de las diferentes alteraciones respiratorias durante el sueño (ARS) e hipertensión pulmonar (HTP) y establecer la saturación de oxígeno (SpO2) en vigilia, sueño y durante los eventos en niños con Síndrome Down (SD) a la altura de Bogotá (2640m) de acuerdo a grupos de edad e IMC. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se incluyeron todos los niños con SD con sospecha de ARS remitidos a polisonograma (PSG) de octubre de 2011 a enero de 2013 a la Fundación Neumológica Colombina (FNC). Se dividieron en 3 grupos: apnea obstructiva, apnea obstructiva y central, sin apneas. Resultados: 74 niños, el 36,5% mujeres, edad media 4 años. 47,3% presento apnea obstructiva, más frecuente en >2 años, 35,1% apnea obstructiva y central, más frecuente en < 2 años y 17,6 % sin apnea. SpO2 promedio en apnea obstructiva 84,63%, apnea obstructiva y central: 81,8% y sin apnea: 86,85% (p 0,058). 23% presento obesidad, 16% con apnea obstructiva. 53 pacientes tenían ecocardiograma: 28% HTP, 53,3% tuvo apnea obstructiva y 26,7 apnea obstructiva y central, no diferencias significativas. SpO2 promedio en HTP 88,3% vigilia, 86,2% sueño REM, 85,7 % sueño no REM, no diferencia significativa comparada con pacientes sin HTP. Conclusiones: Las ARS son frecuentes en los niños con SD, La desaturación está presente en los niños con SD independiente del tipo de apnea. A todos los niños SD se les debe practicar un PSG en el primer año de vida.

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Este ensayo se ocupa, fundamentalmente, de los conceptos de deseo, placer, voluntad, erotismo y seducción. Desde el principio, se pone en escena la pornografía como pretexto para pensar esos conceptos, teniendo claro que se trata de establecer sus relaciones, así como sus diferencias más radicales. Nuestra hipótesis es que el deseo nada tiene que ver con la satisfacción de las demandas. El deseo es un afecto mediante el cual se vincula la voluntad a los objetos de su interés, no un sentimiento producido por sus características particulares. En ese sentido es que intervienen los demás conceptos. El concepto de deseo puede ser caracterizado al tener en cuenta la experiencia interior del erotismo, al igual que el intercambio simbólico en la seducción. La investigación se divide en cuatro partes. La primera se ocupa de los conceptos de voluntad, deseo, ley. La segunda tiene que ver con la idea de que el deseo se vincula con una ambigüedad erótica siempre presente en la voluntad. La tercera parte, matiza los conceptos de deseo, erotismo y voluntad sobre la experiencia del seductor de Kierkegaard. Finalmente, volvemos al tema de la pornografía para remarcar la diferencia entre placer y deseo. Palabras clave: deseo, placer, voluntad, seducción, erotismo y pornografía.

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The aim of this study was to compare the contrast visual processing of concentric sinusoidal gratings stimuli between adolescents and adults. The study included 20 volunteers divided into two groups: 10 adolescents aged 13-19 years (M=16.5, SD=1.65) and 10 adults aged 20-26 years (M=21.8, SD=2.04). In order to measure the contrast sensitivity at spatial frequencies of 0.6, 2.5, 5 and 20 degrees of visual angle (cpd), it was used the psychophysical method of two alternative forced choice (2AFC). A One Way ANOVA performance showed a significant difference in the comparison between groups: F [(4, 237)=3.74, p<.05]. The post-hoc Tukey HSD showed a significant difference between the frequencies of 0.6 (p <.05) and 20 cpd (p<.05). Thus, the results showed that the visual perception behaves differently with regard to the sensory mechanisms that render the contrast towards adolescents and adults. These results are useful to better characterize and comprehend human vision development.

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The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if the intervallic exercise near to the maximum of intensity in a similar fitness population and in women is more effective to improve aerobic capacity than the continuous one of smaller intensity. In order to do it, ten healthy women between 18 and 25 years habitual inhabitants of Bogotá city (located at 2600masl) were selected. They signed the informed consent and were divided randomly in two groups of five participants. They were undergoing to two traditional types of training of ten weeks, three times per week, one hour of duration every day. The continuous training group (Group 1) had a VO2peak intensity of 60%; for his part, the intervallic training group (Group 2) had five sessions of ten minutes of exercise at 70% of VO2peak and 90 seconds of recovery between each session. It was possible to demonstrate that, although the Cardiac Frequency (CF) average of group 2 participants during the exercise sessions were always over those of group 1, this difference was not statistically significant. In the same way, the basal CF and the recovery CF, as well as the VO2peak, did not have significant differences between both groups. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure average, as well as the Respiratory Frequency (FR) were always superior in group 2, and these differences were really significant. It was possible to conclude that there is not a significant difference in cardiovascular fitness between sedentary young women, after 10 weeks of two traditional types of aerobic training, one 60% continuous and other one 70% intervalic.

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The current study arose from previous studies made by McClelland (1972), Namam; Slevin (1993), Kuratko; Hornsby; Naffziger (1997), Hoeltgebaum; Kato (2002); Hoeltgebaum;Debastini (2003), Hoeltgebaum; Santos; Loesch (2003) and Hoeltgebaum; Santos (2003). Its objective is to understand the reasons that that lead an entrepreneur to open his ownbusiness, his degree of satisfaction and to perceive if there is a relation between entrepreneurial motivation and the performance of companies. In order to concretize the objective, a descriptive qualitative/quantitative research was realized, amounting to 88 questions of a closed type, statistically ordered. Data collection was achieved by means of a questionnaire divided into 4 parts. Once responses to the questionnaires were obtained, analysis was performed on them, using LHSTAT software. Among the principal results, it was evident in the analysis of the questionnaires that there were a variety of motivations for opening a new business present among the interviewed, with a small, distinct difference in the frequency of the responses. When the satisfaction of the respondents regarding the performance of the company was analyzed, it was perceived that the greatest satisfaction derived from gross and net profit margin and return on investment. Several interdependencies between motivation and satisfactionand performance were evident in the research, with three in particular being the strongest. It was decided to include a category regarding behavioral characteristics of entrepreneurs tothe objectives of the project in which, according to the interviewees, these have a strong entrepreneurial profile; results showed that all the characteristics are well developed. It wasconcluded that the intrinsic motivations are more evident in the entrepreneurs interviewed and that the greatest satisfaction among them lies in the area of gross and net profit margin andin return over investment. It was perceived that there are clear relationships between the motivation of entrepreneurs and satisfaction with the performance of companies.

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The measure of customer satisfaction level is one of the most important topics at present time in marketing science. In addition, its measure in the bank field takes force in view of the high level of competition inside it, even more so if the study counts “immigrants” as a variable in analysis, a much important variable in the demographic situation of Canada. Oliver (1980) proposes the model of “disconfirmation” to measure customer satisfaction level; this model confirms that the difference between customer perceived performance and customer expectations gives as result his satisfaction level (additional model). Presently multiple scales exist to evaluate and to quantify this satisfaction level, Parasuraman (1987) is the creator of the servqual scale, while Avkiran (1999) developed the bankserv scale in order to evaluate customer expectations and customer satisfaction level specifically inside the bank field; this scale was divided in four factors via factorial analysis. Literature suggests the presence of a relation between individual expectations and/or satisfaction level, and the individual tolerance level towards non-constructed situations (Newman, 2001). Hofstede (1980) developed five cultural dimensions worldwide; among these is the Uncertainty Avoidance Index (uai) that fits to the dimension directly related to customer expectations and customer satisfaction levels, since it measures the tolerance levels towards non-structured ituations. For this research I focused on the satisfaction model analysis proposed by Oliver (1980) based on Avkiran´s scale (1999), having the Latin American or Canadian origin as variables. The concept of Hofstede’s cultural differences leads me to propose two samples: 50 Canadian French speakers and 50 Latin American individuals (Canadian residents). Results demonstrate that in the Latin American group the expectations are in average higher that in the Canadian group, considering all four factors (Avkiran). Perceived performance and satisfaction level are higher in the Latin American group that in the Canadian group for “personal branch conduct” and “access to personalized services” factors, nevertheless, no statistically significant difference has been proved for “credibility” and “communication” factors. The expectations variable presents a mediating effect over the relation between variables uai (Latin American or Canadian origin) and satisfaction level. This effect is partial for “personal branch conduct” and perfect for “access to personalized services”.