¿Renovación, crisis o más de lo mismo? La revocatoria de mandato en los gobiernos locales latinoamericanos

In the public agenda in Latin America recall has gained of importance since the controversies generated by the votes in Venezuela (2004) and Bolivia (2008) in order to recall Presidents Hugo Chavez and Evo Morales, respectively (both attempts failed). However, it is on the local level where this institution got activated  most frequently and where it could be responsible for major political changes. In  this article, we analyze the introduction, use and consequences of the recall on  the local level in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. We briefly  discuss recall in the light of the current debate on representative democracy and its adoption as a mechanism of direct democracy (MDD) from ‘bottom-up’, initiated  by the citizens. Furthermore, we describe the context under which MDDs have proliferated in various places of the world. More specifically, we then continue  to explore where and in which context in Latin America recall was promoted  as an element of participatory democracy. Finally, we com  up with tentative conclusions about the potential and risks involved with this particular mechanism of direct democracy.

Participación política a través de acciones constitucionales. Estudio de caso: matrimonio para personas del mismo sexo en Colombia

El interés de esta investigación se centra en analizar el rol protagónico que han adquirido las acciones constitucionales en la participación política de la comunidad LGTBI, encaminada a la aprobación del matrimonio igualitario en Colombia, a partir de la promulgación de la Constitución Política de 1991. Para este propósito, el estudio presenta un diagnóstico sobre las falencias y limitaciones que ha presentado la representación política y de los mecanismos de participación ciudadana para solventar las reivindicaciones de las parejas del mismo sexo. En consecuencia, la investigación evidencia de qué manera la sub-representación de los intereses de esta comunidad en el Congreso de la República y la sub-utilización de los mecanismos de participación política causadas por las deficiencias en su diseño e implementación, impulsaron a la población LGTBI y los defensores de sus derechos a canalizar su participación política a través de la presentación de acciones constitucionales.

Forms of participatory democracy: an analytical framework based on the experiences of Bolivia, brazil and Colombia

Based on the experiences of Colombia, Brazil and Bolivia, the paper proposes a general analytical framework for participatory mechanisms. The analysis is oriented to detect the incentives in each system and theethics and behavior sustaining them. It investigates about the sustainability of participatory democracy, in the face of tensions with representative democracy. The article presents a theoretical framework built from theseexperiences of institutional design and political practice, and confronts it against the theoretical conceptualizationsof participatory democracy in Bobbio, Sartori, Elster and Nino, among others. In this context, different waysin which those schemes can be inserted in the political systems become apparent, along with the variables thatresult from combining elements of direct, representative and participatory democracy”