El precio de la igualdad - Análisis de la regulación del trabajo doméstico desde el DDL

El presente artículo realiza una crítica a la regulación actual del trabajo doméstico y a la últimareforma legal sobre la materia, que incluyó la economía del cuidado en las cuentas nacionales.La autora argumenta que el derecho crea los incentivos suficientes para producir a lasmujeres como actores ineficientes del mercado, utilizando mecanismos legales que disponenlas obligaciones femeninas como prestaciones naturales asociadas con la maternidad y elcuidado del hogar. Los costos que socialmente pagamos por sostener la opresión femeninaestán externalizados en esquemas como el sistema de salud, el diseño pensional y la brechade igualdad salarial para las mujeres. El artículo concluye mostrando cómo la contingenciade la regulación actual del trabajo doméstico y el costo social asociado a ella puede alterarsecon reformas incrementales que aumenten el posicionamiento social de las mujeres entérminos de poder y recursos.

La indeterminación del campo de la Justicia Transicional en Colombia

La justicia transicional debe enfrentar la negación de las atrocidades. A pesar de la sofisticación del marco de derechos humanos presente en el sistema legal colombiano, el campo de la justicia transicional en Colombia adolece de un significativo grado de indeterminación normativa, como si dicho campo aconteciera en un vacío constitucional”. Como consecuencia, ha sido objeto de uso estratégico por parte de distintos actores políticos dotados de intencionalidad en la fijación del sentido del arreglo institucional de la llamada justicia transicional. El uso estratégico gravita entre el acatamiento pleno del marco de derechos humanos o su elusión en distintos grados. La elusión niega las atrocidades. Para que el discurso de la justicia transicional en Colombia contribuya a hacer justicia por las atrocidades, debe dar viabilidad práctica a los derechos de las víctimas, no reducir esos estándares. Para ello, son necesarios dos requisitos: desde el punto de vista sustantivo, debe acatar las obligaciones en materia de verdad, justicia y reparación, que son parámetro de constitucionalidad, y respetar el núcleo esencial de tales derechos, sin perjuicio de la libertad de configuración legislativa y de la ponderación judicial. Desde el punto de vista procedimental, debe adoptar como metodología un enfoque contextualizado de análisis comparado que evite el trasplante acrítico de experiencias internacionales inaplicables.

Experiences, sensations and demands of citizen (in)security: recent complex configurations in Argentina

Over the last decades the issue of insecurity due to an increase in crime rates and its possible impact on the stability of Latin American democracies has sparked an ongoing debate. In this context, the present article studies, for the case of Argentina, how experiences and sensations of insecurity may be articulated to demands for greater punitive rigor. The analysis is based on two types of information. Initially, data from international surveys such as Latinoabarometer are considered. Then, these are compared to data from prolonged on-site observations in a poor neighborhood of a mid-sized Argentine city. The combination of these different types of data shows the complexity of the process. Contrary to what is often assumed, experiences and sensations of insecurity do not lineally lead to demands for greater punitive rigor. The way in which social actors elaborate their experiences of insecurity is highly situational and not systematic. We have found that there is not necessarily a consistent process of ‘meaning construction’ that articulates experiences and sensations of insecurity with political demands.

Citizen safety at local level: fieldwork notes on performance and perception of the ‘Quadrant Plan’ in Cali (Colombia)

This article summarizes field notes related to the study of the actions performed by the Metropolitan Police of Santiago de Cali in the context of its ‘Plan Cuadrante’ (a micro-local security action plan) and the citizen’s perception towards it. Taking an ethnographic approach, it places special emphasis on the actions that imply identifying the main criminal and violent actors and activities. The study focuses on four local districts of the city: El Cortijo, Mariano Ramos, Terrón Colorado y Villa del Lago.

Redes institucionais de apoio ao desenvolvimento territorial: estudo de caso a partir da análise da dinâmica territorial do desenvolvimento de um âmbito espacial periférico (Sarandi/RS/Brasil)

Different studies has aimed the understanding of the causes that lead some cities, regions or territories to develop themselves, whereas others remain stagnant or get back. One starts from the presupposed that the development results from the standard of social territorial organization, this one capable to provoke collective territorial innovations, as a result of the institucional density, that is, from the local capacity to constitute relations in chain. The present análisis is centered in the municipality of Sarandi/RS/ Brasil, that from the nineties has enterprised a trajectory of uncomum development. From a serious situation of social economical crisis in the previous decades, its social economical and institutional actors, in a way of chain, were capable to reason a collection of initiatives that resulted in the structure of a microcluster in the department of clothes industry, counting today around 50 companies and the institutions of support minimally necessaries.

Paradoxes of resilience: lessons learnt from a comparison between Columbia and France

This paper investigates a discrepancy concerning resilience. International institutions such as ISDR try to promote resilience as a notion useful for preventing disasters. And some searchers, mainly coming from ecology, such as Resilience Alliance group, found the notion relevant enough to promote it as a brand for their studies on disaster prevention. Yet, the second part of the paper will verify how other searchers are still not convinced by the relevance of the notion. Territorial managers are reluctant as well, in line with the poor number of policies trying to bring resilience to reality, be it in Columbia or in France. How can we make sense of this discrepancy? The paper will stress on various political, institutional and cultural conditionings hidden behind the notion. It will also enlighten the contradictions embedded within the notion, because resilience, as disaster, depends on the scales and the actors the analysis relies on first. Which resilience to whom and at what scale? These are critical questions that should be addressed in order to give sense to these contradictions. Resilience has no absolute meaning. However, it helps identifying trends towards future disasters. This is one of the main reasons why it may be found useful.

Informal access to urban land. Housing policies devoted to vulnerable sectors implemented in Cordoba-Argentina

The urban growth in Latino American cities, in a neoliberal context, has led to several population groups to having no possibilities to the access to urban land. Informal and irregular urban settlements increase, requiring attention from local governments, with actions and strategies in order to achieve both the regularization of such situation and further prevention. In the city of Córdoba different informal and irregular operations have taken place promoted by different actors. Furthermore, policies focused on regularization which have been promoted, have few intervention mechanisms, a fact that becomes critical, especially for the urban problems it causes. The main aim of this article is to present a classification over different modes of urban land acquirement taking place out of both urban and civil legislations. Afterwards, different informal settlement typologies are described, as well as the policies focused on them, together with their respective effects and impacts.

Diplomacia cultural como mecanismo de internacionalización de ciudades. Estudio de caso: Río de Janeiro, periodo 1990 – 2012

El interés de este estudio de caso, se centra en evaluar el tema de la Diplomacia Cultual como medio para lograr la internacionalización de Rio de Janeiro durante 1990 – 2012. Se analiza y se explica cómo por medio de elementos como la paradiplomacia entre otros, se ha logrado establecer un proceso que ha llevado a la ciudad a ser conocida internacionalmente a través de su identidad cultural, logrando con ello la exportación de la cultura carioca, lo que ha permitido que la ciudad sea foco de atracción para la sociedad internacional. Siendo una investigación de tipo explicativo, se establece el por qué y el cómo se vincula la diplomacia cultural con la internacionalización de ciudades, métodos cualitativos fueron usados para observar los fenómenos de la realidad social de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro.