Sustainable urban criteria in the urban periphery of Guadalajara

The study of the growth of large cities, in the urban periphery or the peri-urban areas specifically, it relates to environmental degradation due to urbanization, if it is estimated that since 2008 more than half of the world population living in urban areas, this sector is affected as it presents overcrowding, segregation and deterioration of physical conditions, which will impact on the social aspects within localities. This great urban growth has usually developed with the lack of environmental planning.So it is necessary to include urban development, guidelines towards environmental conservation and rehabilitation of the territory. The future of cities will depend largely on the actions taken now. As urban development inevitably requires planning urban settlements through sustainable development so as to provide alternative technologies, based on the reality of Latin American countries.In the peripheral area of the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, is taken as a case study of the town of La Venta del Astillero, which by its nature allows access and functionality to develop a set of criteria and indicators to urban sustainability, which can take as a model for other communities in the urban periphery.

The construction of plurinational territory. Bolivia from 1960 to 2010

As a result of a set of public policies and of the emergence of various social movements as of 1952 and especially in the years 1994 to 2006, Bolivia has known one of the most important processes of territorial restructuring and re organization of all its state structures. This article tackles the specific characteristics of the major transformations of the country in a period of more than 50 years; a period that led to the rise of what is now called the "Plurinational State of Bolivia". This is done by analyzing the most important effects of certain public policies implemented between 1950 and 2010.

El poder electrónico para la gente: un desafío para la democracia contemporánea

Los adelantos tecnológicos han transformado prácticamente todos los aspectos de nuestras vidas. En la última década, la producción de conocimiento se ha dado casi de manera exponencial, y ello, sin lugar a dudas, también tiene implicaciones en la forma como nos relacionamos entre nosotros como ciudadanos y con el Estado. El presente artículo hace una reflexión acerca de los desafíos que el sistema democrático actual tiene para lograr una autodeterminación de los grupos e individuos y la inclusión efectiva en el sistema. Para tal fin, se deben encaminar dos grandes procesos: en el primero, el objetivo debe ser el empoderamiento de la gente con respecto al uso creativo de todas aquellas herramientas electrónicas que el mundo ofrece y el segundo tiene que ver con la construcción que el Estado debe realizar para comunicarse con los ciudadanos en un nuevo contexto de ubicuidad social. ---Electronic power to the people: a challenge to contemporary democracyTechnological advances have transformed virtually every aspect of our lives. In the last decade, knowledge production has grown almost exponentially, and this, undoubtedly has implications in how we relate to each of us as citizens and the state. This article makes a reflection on the challenges that the current democratic system is to achieve self-determination of groups and individuals and the effective inclusion into the system. To that end, must be directed at two major processes, the first aimed at empowering people in all those electronic tools that the world offers us to make it a creative use, and the second has to do with the ability of the State have to build to communicate with citizens in a new context of social ubiquity.Key words: electronic power, Internet, democracy, inclusion, self determination, State, government, education, rights.---O poder eletrônico para gente: Um desafio para a democracia contemporâneaOs avanços tecnológicos têm transformado praticamente todos os aspectos de nossas vidas. Na última década, a produção de conhecimento se tem dado quase de maneira exponencial, e isso, certamente, também tem implicações na forma como nos relacionamos entre nós como cidadãos e com o Estado. O presente artigo faz uma reflexão acerca dos desafios que o sistema democrático atual tem para lograr uma autodeterminação dos grupos e indivíduos e a inclusão efetiva no sistema. Para tal fim, se devem encaminhar dois grandes processos: no primeiro, o objetivo deve ser o empoderamento das pessoas em relação ao uso criativo de todas aquelas ferramentas eletrônicas que o mundo oferece e o segundo tem que ver com a construção que o Estado deve realizar para se comunicar com os cidadãos em um contexto de ubiqüidade social.Palavras chave: Poder eletrônico, democracia, inclusão, autodeterminação, Estado, governo, educação, direitos.