5 resultados para Gómez de Terán, Juan Elías, 1668-1758-Oracions fúnebres

em Universitat de Girona, Spain


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As stated in Aitchison (1986), a proper study of relative variation in a compositional data set should be based on logratios, and dealing with logratios excludes dealing with zeros. Nevertheless, it is clear that zero observations might be present in real data sets, either because the corresponding part is completely absent –essential zeros– or because it is below detection limit –rounded zeros. Because the second kind of zeros is usually understood as “a trace too small to measure”, it seems reasonable to replace them by a suitable small value, and this has been the traditional approach. As stated, e.g. by Tauber (1999) and by Martín-Fernández, Barceló-Vidal, and Pawlowsky-Glahn (2000), the principal problem in compositional data analysis is related to rounded zeros. One should be careful to use a replacement strategy that does not seriously distort the general structure of the data. In particular, the covariance structure of the involved parts –and thus the metric properties– should be preserved, as otherwise further analysis on subpopulations could be misleading. Following this point of view, a non-parametric imputation method is introduced in Martín-Fernández, Barceló-Vidal, and Pawlowsky-Glahn (2000). This method is analyzed in depth by Martín-Fernández, Barceló-Vidal, and Pawlowsky-Glahn (2003) where it is shown that the theoretical drawbacks of the additive zero replacement method proposed in Aitchison (1986) can be overcome using a new multiplicative approach on the non-zero parts of a composition. The new approach has reasonable properties from a compositional point of view. In particular, it is “natural” in the sense that it recovers the “true” composition if replacement values are identical to the missing values, and it is coherent with the basic operations on the simplex. This coherence implies that the covariance structure of subcompositions with no zeros is preserved. As a generalization of the multiplicative replacement, in the same paper a substitution method for missing values on compositional data sets is introduced

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All of the imputation techniques usually applied for replacing values below the detection limit in compositional data sets have adverse effects on the variability. In this work we propose a modification of the EM algorithm that is applied using the additive log-ratio transformation. This new strategy is applied to a compositional data set and the results are compared with the usual imputation techniques

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Este artículo fundamenta el uso de las simulaciones interactivas dentro de las prácticas docentes en las titulaciones de carácter técnico. Adicionalmente se describen dos plataformas utilizadas en experiencias reales, y su integración en el desarrollo curricular. Así mismo se describe cómo estas actividades se pueden incluir en la práctica docente habitual

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La implantación del crédito europeo en las titulaciones y en las diferentes asignaturas, supone replantearse las alternativas de evaluación y realizar un cálculo del esfuerzo que ha de realizar el estudiante, ya que su trabajo se convierte en el eje de la organización de la actividad docente. El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje debe orientarse a lograr el desarrollo de habilidades de aprendizaje y no solo a enseñar conocimientos. El alumno debe desarrollar una serie de capacidades y estrategias para conducirse eficazmente ante cualquier tipo de situación de enseñanza. El énfasis ha de ser puesto en el alumno, para que se convierta en un aprendiz estratégico, que sepa aprender y solucionar problemas

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El treball aprofundeix en la importància dels textos literaris originals en les classes d’ELE (Espanyol com a Llengua Estrangera). S’estudien les principals línies de pensament sobre l’ensenyament de la literatura a l’aula d’ELE, i l’evolució de l’ensenyament. Es defensa que mitjançant l’ús de textos literaris originals els estudiants poden percebre una mostra de la diversitat expressiva de la llengua