Alternative ways to estimate change points in multinomial sequences. An application to an authorship attribution problem

The statistical analysis of literary style is the part of stylometry that compares measurable characteristics in a text that are rarely controlled by the author, with those in other texts. When the goal is to settle authorship questions, these characteristics should relate to the author’s style and not to the genre, epoch or editor, and they should be such that their variation between authors is larger than the variation within comparable texts from the same author. For an overview of the literature on stylometry and some of the techniques involved, see for example Mosteller and Wallace (1964, 82), Herdan (1964), Morton (1978), Holmes (1985), Oakes (1998) or Lebart, Salem and Berry (1998). Tirant lo Blanc, a chivalry book, is the main work in catalan literature and it was hailed to be “the best book of its kind in the world” by Cervantes in Don Quixote. Considered by writters like Vargas Llosa or Damaso Alonso to be the first modern novel in Europe, it has been translated several times into Spanish, Italian and French, with modern English translations by Rosenthal (1996) and La Fontaine (1993). The main body of this book was written between 1460 and 1465, but it was not printed until 1490. There is an intense and long lasting debate around its authorship sprouting from its first edition, where its introduction states that the whole book is the work of Martorell (1413?-1468), while at the end it is stated that the last one fourth of the book is by Galba (?-1490), after the death of Martorell. Some of the authors that support the theory of single authorship are Riquer (1990), Chiner (1993) and Badia (1993), while some of those supporting the double authorship are Riquer (1947), Coromines (1956) and Ferrando (1995). For an overview of this debate, see Riquer (1990). Neither of the two candidate authors left any text comparable to the one under study, and therefore discriminant analysis can not be used to help classify chapters by author. By using sample texts encompassing about ten percent of the book, and looking at word length and at the use of 44 conjunctions, prepositions and articles, Ginebra and Cabos (1998) detect heterogeneities that might indicate the existence of two authors. By analyzing the diversity of the vocabulary, Riba and Ginebra (2000) estimates that stylistic boundary to be near chapter 383. Following the lead of the extensive literature, this paper looks into word length, the use of the most frequent words and into the use of vowels in each chapter of the book. Given that the features selected are categorical, that leads to three contingency tables of ordered rows and therefore to three sequences of multinomial observations. Section 2 explores these sequences graphically, observing a clear shift in their distribution. Section 3 describes the problem of the estimation of a suden change-point in those sequences, in the following sections we propose various ways to estimate change-points in multinomial sequences; the method in section 4 involves fitting models for polytomous data, the one in Section 5 fits gamma models onto the sequence of Chi-square distances between each row profiles and the average profile, the one in Section 6 fits models onto the sequence of values taken by the first component of the correspondence analysis as well as onto sequences of other summary measures like the average word length. In Section 7 we fit models onto the marginal binomial sequences to identify the features that distinguish the chapters before and after that boundary. Most methods rely heavily on the use of generalized linear models

“El Mediterráneo en el diálogo Norte-Sur”: III Curso Internacional de Defensa. Jaca (Huesca), 19-23 de septiembre de 1995

Del 19 al 23 de setembre de 1995 es va celebrar a Jaca (Osca) el III Curs Internacional de Defensa, amb el títol específic “ El Mediterrani en el Diàleg Nord Sud”, organitzat per la Càtedra Miguel de Cervantes de l’Acadèmia General Militar i la Universitat de Saragossa. Els objectius assenyalats pels organitzadors es van centrar a potenciar l’intercanvi d’opinions entre especialistes i representants de les institucions sobre aspectes polítics, socials, econòmics i de defensa que afecten l’espai geopolític de les dues riberes del Mediterrani, i a analitzar els mecanismes de cooperació que actuen a l’àrea i la política de la Unió Europea a la zona

Formar docentes, formar personas: una experiencia transdisciplinar para democratizar el aula universitaria

El proyecto “Formar docentes, formar personas” tiene una trayectoria de siete años de desarrollo, y en este tiempo, nunca se había abordado una evaluación en profundidad de la propuesta. La necesidad de entrar en profundidad en el análisis de las percepciones del alumnado y los significados que construyen en torno a la propuesta, ha sido la causa principal de embarcarnos en una investigación evaluativa que siente las bases para consolidar una propuesta de calado en los próximos cursos

El Chat como estrategia para fomentar el aprendizaje colaborativo. Una experiencia práctica en el practicum de magisterio

En la educación superior, el aprendizaje colaborativo comienza a ser una realidad existiendo múltiples experiencias en torno al mismo, pero aún queda un largo camino por recorrer para que éste se generalice y se realice con garantías de éxito, rompiendo con la cultura del individualismo existente

Aprenentatge basat en problemes en l'ensenyament de la semiologia mèdica

Experiència d'aplicació de la metodologia de l'aprenentatge basat en problemes (ABP) en l'ensenyament de la semiologia mèdica en alumnes de segon de medicina

La transformació del paisatge del delta de la Tordera en els darrers cent cinquanta anys : una anàlisi per mitjà dels canvis en els usos i les cobertes del sòl

This article compares the mid-nineteenth century landscape of the River Tordera delta with the present day landscape, based, above all, on the changes that have occurred in land use and land cover. The mid 19th century landscape was reconstructed using data obtained from the amillaraments (land inventories) and other historical documents. Present-day land use and cover was established through photo interpretation and field work. The most important changes detected concern the almost complete disappearance of certain crops, such as vineyards, which were very important in the 19th century; the expansion of forest in place of abandoned tilled land and the increase in built up areas, which, taken together, produce a highly fragmented landscape pattern

Els Turons de Maçanet: fragmentació i conservació en un espai forestal

En aquest article es pretén mostrar, sintèticament, com es manifesten territorialment els processos de fragmentació i com van modificant la fesomia de l’entorn natural. Amb aquesta finalitat, s'ha triat un espai proper, on els símptomes d’això son força evidents. Es tracte dels Turons de Maçanet, un dels 144 espais catalogats dins del Pla d'Espais d’Interès Natural (PEIN), situats al sud de la comarca de la Selva, als municipis de Maçanet de la Selva i Riudarenes. Es fa una breu descripció de l'indret posant èmfasi en la vegetació. Es consideren aspectes com la distribució, la diversitat i la singularitat de les comunitats vegetals; el seu paper com a element de connexió entre àrees naturals (els anomenats corredors biològics); o quins aprofitaments es treuen dels boscos. Finalment, s' aporten unes modestes consideracions sobre quina es creu que hauria de ser la gestió mes adequada per a aquest espai d’interès natural