Conduction mechanism in plasma polymerized aniline thin films

Electrical properties of ac plasma polymerized aniline thin films are investigated with a view of determining the dominant conduction mechanism. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics in symmetric and asymmetric electrode configuration for polyaniline thin films in the thickness range from 1300 to 2000 A ° are investigated. From the studies on asymmetric electrode configuration, it is found that the dominant conduction mechanism in these films is of Schottky type

On conduction mechanism in paramagnetic phase of Gd based manganites

Materials belonging to the family of manganites are technologically important since they exhibit colossal magneto resistance. A proper understanding of the transport properties is very vital in tailoring the properties. A heavy rare earth doped manganite like Gd0·7Sr0·3MnO3 is purported to be exhibiting unusual properties because of smaller ionic radius of Gd. Gd0·7Sr0·3MnO3 is prepared by a wet solid state reaction method. The conduction mechanism in such a compound has been elucidated by subjecting the material to low temperature d.c. conductivity measurement. It has been found that the low band width material follows a variable range hopping (VRH) model followed by a small polaron hopping (SPH) model. The results are presented here

Mechanism of electrical conduction in plasma polymerized furfural thin films

Polyfurfural thin films lying in the thickness range of 1300–2000 A˚ were prepared by ac plasma polymerization technique. The current–voltage characteristics in symmetric and asymmetric electrode configuration were studied with a view to determining the dominant conduction mechanism.It was found that the Schottky conduction mechanism is dominant in plasma polymerized furfural thin films.The predominance of Schottky mechanism was further confirmed based on the thermally stimulated current measurements.

Mechanism of ac conduction in nanostructured manganese zinc mixed ferrites

Mn1−xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles (x = 0 to 1) were synthesized by the wet chemical co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy were effectively utilized to investigate the different structural parameters. The ac conductivity of nanosized Mn1−xZnxFe2O4 were investigated as a function of frequency, temperature and composition. The frequency dependence of ac conductivity is analysed by the power law σ(ω)ac = Bωn which is typical for charge transport by hopping or tunnelling processes. The temperature dependence of frequency exponent n was investigated to understand the conduction mechanism in different compositions. The conduction mechanisms are mainly based on polaron hopping conduction

Electro-Optical Properties of Metal Phthalocyanines and Naphthalocyanines

The thesis deals with the preparation of chemical, optical, thermal and electrical characterization of five compounds, namely metal free naphthalocyanine, vanadyl napthalocyanine, zinc naphlocyanine, europium dinaphthalocyanine, and europium diphthalocyanine in the pristine and iodine-doped forms. Two important technological properties of these compounds have been investigated. The electrical properties are important in applications sensors and semiconductor lasers. Opto-thermal properties assume significance for optical imaging and data recording. The electrical properties were investigated by dc and ac techniques. This work has revealed some novel information on the conduction mechanism in five macrocyclic compounds and their iodine-doped forms. Also useful data on the thermal diffusivity of the target compounds have been obtained by optical techniques.

Studies on Electrical and Thermal Properties of Certain Selected Photonic Materials

The present thesis is centered around the study of electrical and thermal properties of certain selected photonic materials.We have studied the electrical conduction mechanism in various phases of certain selected photonic materials and those associated with different phase transitions occurring in them. A phase transition leaves its own impressions on the key parameters like electrical conductivity and dielectric constant. However, the activation energy calculation reveals the dominant factor responsible for conduction process.PA measurements of thermal diffusivity in certain other important photonic materials are included in the remaining part of the research work presented in this thesis. PA technique is a promising tool for studying thermal diffusivities of solid samples in any form. Because of its crucial role and common occurrence in heat flow problems, the thermal diffusivity determination is often necessary and knowledge of thermal diffusivity can intum be used to calculate the thermal conductivity. Especially,knowledge of the thermal diffusivity of semiconductors is important due to its relation to the power dissipation problem in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices which limits their performances. More than that, the thermal properties, especially those of thin films are of growing interest in microelectronics and microsystems because of the heat removal problem involved in highly integrated devices. The prescribed chapter of the present theis demonstrates how direct measurement of thermal diffusivity can be carried out in thin films of interest in a simple and elegant manner using PA techniques. Although results of only representative measurements viz; thermal diffusivity values in Indium, Aluminium, Silver and CdS thin films are given here, evaluation of this quantity for any photonic and / electronic material can be carried out using this technique in a very simple and straight forward manner.

Investigations on the electrical and structural properties of polyaniline doped with camphor sulphonic acid

Polyaniline is chemically synthesised and doped with camphor sulphonic acid. FTIR studies carried out on these samples indicate that the aromatic rings are retained after polymerisation. The percentage of crystallinity for polyaniline doped with camphor sulphonic acid has been estimated from the X-ray diffraction studies and is around 56% with respect to polyaniline emeraldine base. The change in dielectric permittivity with respect to temperature and frequency is explained on the basis of interfacial polarisation. AC conductivity is evaluated from the observed dielectric permittivity. The values of AC and DC conductivity and activation energy are calculated. The activation energy values suggested that the hopping conduction is the prominent conduction mechanism in this system.

Structural and electrical studies on tetrameric cobalt phthalocyanine and polyaniline composites

Polyaniline and oligomeric cobalt phthalocyanine are blended in different proportions by chemical methods. These blends are characterised by spectroscopic methods and dielectric measurements. Dielectric studies on the conducting polymer blends are carried out in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 5MHz from room temperature (300 K) to 373 K. Dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of these blends are explained on the basis of interfacial polarisation. From the dielectric permittivity studies, ac conductivity of the samples were calculated and the results are correlated. In order to understand the exact conduction mechanism of the samples, dc electrical conductivity of the blends is carried out in the temperature range of 70–300 K. By applying Mott’s theory, it is found that the conducting polymer composites obey a 3D variable range hopping mechanism. The values of Mott’s temperature (T0), density of states at the Fermi energy (N(EF)), range of hopping (R) and hopping energy (W) for the composites are calculated and presented

Dielectric and Conductivity Studies on Cobalt Phthalocyanine Tetramers

Electrically conductive organic and metalloorganic polymers are of great interest and they have applications in electronic, optical, photonic, photoelectric, electrochemical, and dielectric devices. Tetrameric cobalt phthalocyanine was prepared by conventional chemical method. The dielectric permittivity of the tetrameric cobalt phthalocyanine sample was evaluated from the observed capacitance values in the frequency range 100 KHz to 5 MHz and in the temperature range of 300 to 383°K. It is found that the system obeys the Maxwell Wagner relaxation of space charge phenomenon. Further, from the permittivity studies AC conductivity was evaluated. The values of AC conductivity and DC conductivity were compared. Activation energy was calculated. To understand the conduction mechanism Mott’s variable range hopping model was applied to the system. The T 1/4 behavior of the DC conductivity along with the values of Mott’s Temperature (T0), density of states at the Fermi energy N (EF), and range of hopping R and hopping energy W indicate that the transport of charge carriers are by three-dimensional variable range hopping

Investigations on the mechanism of carrier transport in plasma polymerized pyrrole thin films

Plasma polymerization is found to be an excellent technique for the preparation of good quality, pinhole-free, polymer thin films from different monomer precursors. The present work describes the preparation and characterization of polypyrrole (PPy) thin films by ac plasma polymerization technique in their pristine and in situ iodine doped forms. The electrical conductivity studies of the aluminiumpolymeraluminium (AlpolymerAl) structures have been carried out and a space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism is identified as the most probable mechanism of carrier transport in these polymer films. The electrical conductivity shows an enhanced value in the iodine doped sample. The reduction of optical band gap by iodine doping is correlated with the observed conductivity results.