(Z)-2-Amino-3-[(E )-benzylideneamino]but-2-enedinitrile

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H8N4, contains two independent molecules. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H.....N hydrogen bonds link molecules into ribbons extended in the [100] direction

Synthesis, spectral and structural studies of oxovanadium(IV/V) complexes derived from 2-hydroxyacetophenone-3-hydroxy- 2-naphthoylhydrazone: polymorphs of oxovanadium(V) complex [VOL(OCH3)]

Oxovanadium(IV/V) complexes of 2-hydroxyacetophenone- 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoylhydrazone (H2L) have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and EPR spectra. The oxovanadium(V) complex [VOL (OCH3)] is crystallized in two polymorphic forms, denoted by 1a and 1b, with space groups Pn21a and P 1, respectively. Both have distorted square pyramidal structures.

N-[(E )-Quinoxalin-2-ylmethylidene]-1H-indazol-5-amine

In the title molecule, C16H11N5, the mean planes of the quinoxaline and indazole fragments form a dihedral angle of 10.62 (5). In the crystal, weak intermolecular N—H..........N hydrogen bonds link the molecules into zigzag chains extending in the [001] direction. The crystal packing also exhibits pye interactions [centroid–centroid distances of 3.7080 (2) and 3.8220 (5) A ˚ ], which form stacks of the molecules parallel to the a axis

Copper(II) complexes of N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazones derived from pyridine-2-carbaldehyde: Crystal structure of a binuclear complex

Ten copper(II) complexes {[CuL1Cl] (1), [CuL1NO3]2 (2), [CuL1N3]2 · 2/3H2O (3), [CuL1]2(ClO4)2 · 2H2O (4), [CuL2Cl]2 (5), [CuL2N3] (6), [Cu(HL2)SO4]2 · 4H2O (7), [Cu(HL2)2] (ClO4)2 · 1/2EtOH (8), [CuL3Cl]2 (9), [CuL3NCS] · 1/2H2O (10)} of three NNS donor thiosemicarbazone ligands {pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-p-methoxyphenyl thiosemicarbazone [HL1], pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-2-phenethyl thiosemicarbazone [HL2] and pyridine-2-carbaldehyde N(4)-(methyl), N(4)-(phenyl) thiosemicarbazone [HL3]} were synthesized and physico-chemically characterized. The crystal structure of compound 9 has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies and is found that the dimer consists of two square pyramidal Cu(II) centers linked by two chlorine atoms.

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor and crustin-III, the anti-white spot virus peptides in Penaeus monodon: Control of viral infection by up-regulation

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is the most devastating disease affecting shrimp culture around the world. Though, considerable progress has been made in the detection and molecular characterization of WSSV in recent years, information pertaining to immune gene expression in shrimps with respect to WSSV infection remains limited. In this context, the present study was undertaken to understand the differential expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes in the haemocytes of Penaeus monodon in response to WSSV infection on a time-course basis employing semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The present work analyzes the expression profile of six AMP genes (ALF, crustin-1, crustin-2, crustin-3, penaeidin-3 and penaeidin-5), eight WSSV genes (DNA polymerase, endonuclease, immediate early gene, latency related gene, protein kinase, ribonucleotide reductase, thymidine kinase and VP28) and three control genes (18S rRNA, β-actin and ELF) in P. monodon in response to WSSV challenge. Penaeidins were found to be up-regulated during early hours of infection and crustin-3 during late period of infection. However, ALF was found to be up-regulated early to late period of WSSV infection. The present study suggests that AMPs viz. ALF and crustin-3 play an important role in antiviral defense in shrimps. WSSV gene transcripts were detected post-challenge day 1 itself and increased considerably day 5 onwards. Evaluation of the control genes confirmed ELF as the most reliable control gene followed by 18S rRNA and β-actin for gene expression studies in shrimps. This study indicated the role of AMPs in the protection of shrimps against viral infection and their possible control through the up-regulation of AMPs