Parent-youth associations of physical activity and the influence of family and neighbourhood social factors

Objectif: Examiner le lien entre la participation des parents aux activités physiques (AP) de leur enfant et les habitudes de vie et le statut pondéral de ces derniers. Méthode: Les données proviennent de l’Enquête Sociale et Santé des Enfants et des Adolescent Québécois (1999), comprenant des échantillons représentatifs de jeunes de 9, 13 et 16 ans (n=2511). L’implication des parents est définie par aucun, 1 seul, ou 2 parents faisant de l’AP avec leur enfant ≥1/semaine. Un rappel 7 jours a servi à classer les jeunes selon leur niveau d’AP, soit faible, modéré ou élevé. Le temps d’écran a été défini par: ≤14 vs. >14 heures/semaine. Le statut pondéral a été défini selon les critères de Cole. Résultats: Lorsque les deux parents participent aux AP du jeune, le niveau d’AP des adolescents de 13 (OR 3.89, IC 95%: 1.85-8.18) et 16 ans (OR 3.45, IC 95%: 1.32-9.01) est davantage élevé, et le temps d’écran moindre (OR 2.36, IC 95%: 1.30-4.25) chez ceux de 13 ans. Des analyses secondaires montrent que le lien entre l’implication des parents et le niveau d’AP des jeunes est présent chez les familles biparentales seulement; le lien avec le temps d’écran est présent dans les quartiers sécuritaires seulement. Aucune association n’est observée pour le statut pondéral. Conclusion: Les stratégies de promotion de la santé ciblant la participation des parents aux AP de leurs enfants pourraient réduire le fardeau des maladies chroniques, étant donné l’association favorable entre leur implication et les habitudes de vie des jeunes.

Back muscles activity and scoliosis in ataxic and dystrophic patients

To investigate the role of muscles in the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), our group was initially interested in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) diseases where a muscular degeneration often leads to scoliosis. Few years ago the studies with those patients provided interesting results but were obtained only from few patients. To increase that number, the present project was initiated but recruitment of new DMD patients from Marie-Enfant hospital was found impossible. As an alternative, patients with Friedreich’s ataxia (FA) were recruited since they also suffer from a muscular deficiency which often induces a scoliosis. So, 4 FA patients and 4 healthy controls have been chosen to closely match the age, weight and body mass indexes (BMI) of the patients were enrolled in our experiments. As in the previous study, electromyography (EMG) activity of paraspinal muscles were recorded on each side of the spine during three types of contraction at 2 different maximum voluntary contractions (MVC). Moreover, the volume and skinfold thickness of these muscles were determined from ultrasound images (US) in order to facilitate the interpretation of EMG signals recorded on the skin surface. For the 3 FA right scoliotic patients, EMG activity was most of the time larger on the concave side of the deviation. The opposite was found for the 4th one (P4, left scoliosis, 32°) for whom EMG activity was larger on the convex side; it should however be noted that all his signals were of small amplitude. This was associated to a muscle weakness and a large skinfold thickness (12 mm) vs 7 mm for the 3 others. As for the paraspinal muscle volume, it was present on the convex side of P1, P3 and P4 and on the concave side for P2. As for skinfold thickness over this muscle, it was larger on the concave side for P1 and P2 and the opposite for P3 and P4. At the apex of each curve, the volume and skinfold thickness differences were the largest. Although the study covers only a small number of FA patients, the presence of larger EMG signals on the concave side of a spinal deformation is similar to pre-scoliotic DMD patients for whom the deformation is in its initial stage. It thus seems that our FA patients with more EMG activity on their concave side could see progression of their spinal deformation in the coming months in spite of their already important Cobb angle.

Protection of primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes against fas-induced apoptosis : role of EGF receptor intrinsic activity and intracellular redox state

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Activity and expression of Na/K-ATPase in thoracic aorta of normal pregnant and experimental preeclamptic rats

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Sports, physical activity and academic performance : promoting physical activity among adolescents

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.