Synthesis of (S)-cEt-LNA

Nucleoside (S)-cEt-LNA a été synthétisé par trois voies différentes à partir de la 5- méthyluridine qui est commercialement disponible. Le chemin le plus court comprend une méthylation diastéréosélective d'un aldéhyde, et une cyclisation 5-exo-tet d'un éther par déplacement SN2.

Ethical Dimensions in Paediatric Neurology: A Look into the Future

Les professionnels de la santé et les familles pour qui des enfants qui participent à la recherche en génétique ou qui nécessitent des services génétiques spécialisés, y compris, le dépistage génétique, seront confrontés à des interrogations non seulement médicales, mais sociales, éthiques et juridiques liées à la génétique en neurologie pédiatrique. Les enfants se retrouvent souvent au centre d’innovations dans le cadre de recherches en génétique et leurs besoins uniques soulèvent des inquiétudes quant aux risques et aux bénéfices associés à cette recherche. Plus précisément, le consentement, l’utilisation de base de données génétique et la thérapie génique soulèvent des enjeux particuliers. En plus de ces enjeux, des risques psychologiques peuvent aussi leur être associés. À la lumière de l’analyse de lignes directrices nationales et internationales, il sera question, dans cet article, des bénéfices et de l’impact des technologies génétiques chez l’enfant. Les médecins, les législateurs et les familles doivent être informés de ces lignes directrices et doivent comprendre les enjeux éthiques et psychologiques liés à la génétique en neurologie pédiatrique. // Health care providers and families with children who participate in genetic research or who need specialized genetic services, including genetic testing, will encounter not only medical but difficult social, ethical, and legal questions surrounding pediatric genetic neurology. Children are often at the center of much of the genetic revolution and their unique needs raise special concerns about the risks and the benefits associated with genetic research, particularly the issues of consent, the use of genetic databases, and gene therapy. Moreover, genetic research and testing raise important psychosocial risks. In this article we discuss some of the benefits and consequences of genetic technologies for children in relation to national and international guidelines. In particular, physicians, policy-makers, and families should be knowledgeable about the guidelines and have good understanding of the psychosocial and ethical issues associated with genetics in pediatric neurology.

Le catalogage descriptif des enregistrements sonores musicaux

Communication présentée au 11e congrès biennal d'OLAC (OnLine Audiovisual Catalogers Conference), Montréal, le 1er octobre 2004.

La gestion du savoir à l’ère du numérique : Les politiques de choix, de développement et de gestion de collections

Présenté au 36e congrès de la Corporation des bibliothécaires professionnels du Québec (CBPQ).

L'énigmatique Monsieur Herr

Lucien Herr, bibliothécaire de l’École normale supérieure à Paris au début de XXième siècle, fut l’un des intellectuels français les plus importants de son époque. Malgré tout, son nom reste méconnu aujourd’hui dans le milieu de la documentation. Les lignes suivantes, en s’attachant à brosser non seulement le portrait du bibliothécaire, mais aussi celui de l’intellectuel socialiste et du directeur de conscience qu’il fut, voudront en quelque sorte réhabiliter la mémoire de cet homme énigmatique et engagé. // Lucien Herr, librarian at the École normale supérieure of Paris at the beginning of the 20th century, was one of the most important French intellectuals of his era. Nonetheless, his name still remains unknown today in the milieu of library documentation. The following lines will, in some way, revive the memory of this involved and mysterious man by endeavouring to paint not only the portrait of the librarian, but that of the socialist intellectual and spiritual adviser that he was.

La technologie « OpenURL » : vers une intégration accrue des ressources et services documentaires

Cet article a pour but de démystifier la notion de OpenURL, un terme de plus en plus présent dans le domaine de l'information, à l'aide de concepts théoriques mais surtout grâce à une description pratique de sa mise en place et de sa capacité d'action. Une courte introduction sur le concept d'arrimage dans les ressources documentaires donnera le ton pour un bref survol de la naissance du concept OpenURL suivi d'une explication concrète de son fonctionnement lorsque utilisé dans le processus de recherche documentaire. Pour les usagers, la force de cette technologie réside dans le fait qu'elle permet, lorsque possible, un accès direct et transparent aux ressources électroniques tout en offrant des options supplémentaires des plus pertinentes. De façon pragmatique, l'usager pourra dorénavant chercher une référence bibliographique dans une base de données et accéder directement au plein texte de l'article repéré si son institution y est abonné ou sinon, être redirigé ailleurs, vers le formulaire institutionnel de prêt en bibliothèques entre autres. On constatera que cette toute nouvelle norme, qui n'en est qu'à ses débuts, offre des avantages certains dans le milieu des bibliothèques de recherche.

La mise en oeuvre interculturelle de LibQUAL+MC : le cas du français

Traduit de l'anglais par Jimmy Légaré et Olivier Paradis (Direction des bibliothèques de l'UdeM).

L'Internet: un reflet de la concurrence des souverainetés

Un résumé en anglais est également disponible

Latent Variable Models for Stochastic Discount Factors.

Latent variable models in finance originate both from asset pricing theory and time series analysis. These two strands of literature appeal to two different concepts of latent structures, which are both useful to reduce the dimension of a statistical model specified for a multivariate time series of asset prices. In the CAPM or APT beta pricing models, the dimension reduction is cross-sectional in nature, while in time-series state-space models, dimension is reduced longitudinally by assuming conditional independence between consecutive returns, given a small number of state variables. In this paper, we use the concept of Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF) or pricing kernel as a unifying principle to integrate these two concepts of latent variables. Beta pricing relations amount to characterize the factors as a basis of a vectorial space for the SDF. The coefficients of the SDF with respect to the factors are specified as deterministic functions of some state variables which summarize their dynamics. In beta pricing models, it is often said that only the factorial risk is compensated since the remaining idiosyncratic risk is diversifiable. Implicitly, this argument can be interpreted as a conditional cross-sectional factor structure, that is, a conditional independence between contemporaneous returns of a large number of assets, given a small number of factors, like in standard Factor Analysis. We provide this unifying analysis in the context of conditional equilibrium beta pricing as well as asset pricing with stochastic volatility, stochastic interest rates and other state variables. We address the general issue of econometric specifications of dynamic asset pricing models, which cover the modern literature on conditionally heteroskedastic factor models as well as equilibrium-based asset pricing models with an intertemporal specification of preferences and market fundamentals. We interpret various instantaneous causality relationships between state variables and market fundamentals as leverage effects and discuss their central role relative to the validity of standard CAPM-like stock pricing and preference-free option pricing.

The Seemingly Unrelated Dynamic Cointegration Regression Model and Testing for Purching Power Parity.

This paper studies seemingly unrelated linear models with integrated regressors and stationary errors. By adding leads and lags of the first differences of the regressors and estimating this augmented dynamic regression model by feasible generalized least squares using the long-run covariance matrix, we obtain an efficient estimator of the cointegrating vector that has a limiting mixed normal distribution. Simulation results suggest that this new estimator compares favorably with others already proposed in the literature. We apply these new estimators to the testing of purchasing power parity (PPP) among the G-7 countries. The test based on the efficient estimates rejects the PPP hypothesis for most countries.

How Important Are Intergenerational Transfers of Time? a Macroeconomic Analysis.

This paper examines the implications of intergenerational transfers of time and money for labor supply and capital accumulation. Although intergenerational transfers of time in the form of grandparenting are as substantial as monetary transfers in the data, little is known about the role and importance of time transfers. In this paper, we calibrate an overlapping generations model extended to allow for both time and monetary transfers to the US economy. We use simulations to show that time transfers have important positive effects on capital accumulation and that these effects can be as significant as those of monetary transfers. However, while time transfers increase the labor supply of the young, monetary transfers produce an income effect that tends to decrease work effort. We also find that child care tax credits have little impact on parental time and money transfers, but that a universal child tax credit would increase the welfare of the rich while the poor would benefit from a means-tested program.

International Business Cycles: What Are the Facts?

Modern business cycle theory involves developing models that explain stylized facts. For this strategy to be successful, these facts should be well established. In this paper, we focus on the stylized facts of international business cycles. We use the generalized method of moments and quarterly data from nineteen industrialized countries to estimate pairwise cross-country and within-country correlations of macroeconomic aggregates. We calculate standard errors of the statistics for our unique panel of data and test hypotheses about the relative sizes of these correlations. We find a lower cross-country correlation of all aggregates and especially of consumption than in previous studies. The cross-country correlations of consumption, output and Solow residuals are not significantly different from one another over the whole sample, but there are significant differences in the post-1973 subsample.

International Transmission of the Business Cycle in a Multi-Sector Model.

Multi-country models have not been very successful in replicating important features of the international transmission of business cycles. Standard models predict cross-country correlations of output and consumption which are respectively too low and too high. In this paper, we build a multi-country model of the business cycle with multiple sectors in order to analyze the role of sectoral shocks in the international transmission of the business cycle. We find that a model with multiple sectors generates a higher cross-country correlation of output than standard one-sector models, and a lower cross-country correlation of consumption. In addition, it predicts cross-country correlations of employment and investment that are closer to the data than the standard model. We also analyze the relative effects of multiple sectors, trade in intermediate goods, imperfect substitution between domestic and foreign goods, home preference, capital adjustment costs, and capital depreciation on the international transmission of the business cycle.

Simulation-Based Finite and Large Sample Tests in Multivariate Regressions.

In the context of multivariate linear regression (MLR) models, it is well known that commonly employed asymptotic test criteria are seriously biased towards overrejection. In this paper, we propose a general method for constructing exact tests of possibly nonlinear hypotheses on the coefficients of MLR systems. For the case of uniform linear hypotheses, we present exact distributional invariance results concerning several standard test criteria. These include Wilks' likelihood ratio (LR) criterion as well as trace and maximum root criteria. The normality assumption is not necessary for most of the results to hold. Implications for inference are two-fold. First, invariance to nuisance parameters entails that the technique of Monte Carlo tests can be applied on all these statistics to obtain exact tests of uniform linear hypotheses. Second, the invariance property of the latter statistic is exploited to derive general nuisance-parameter-free bounds on the distribution of the LR statistic for arbitrary hypotheses. Even though it may be difficult to compute these bounds analytically, they can easily be simulated, hence yielding exact bounds Monte Carlo tests. Illustrative simulation experiments show that the bounds are sufficiently tight to provide conclusive results with a high probability. Our findings illustrate the value of the bounds as a tool to be used in conjunction with more traditional simulation-based test methods (e.g., the parametric bootstrap) which may be applied when the bounds are not conclusive.