253 resultados para Alain Grandbois


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Les modalités et les pratiques de la contrepartie dans l’assistance sociale, dans six pays de l’OCDE sont comparés. La littérature anglo-saxonne parle plus volontiers de workfare alors que la littérature d’Europe continentale utilise la notion de conditionnalité. Les auteurs utilisent le terme de contrepartie comme concept générique incluant l’ensemble des programmes introduisant des formes de conditionnalité de l’aide par opposition à des aides ou des prestations attribuées de manière inconditionnelle. Une interprétation de ces variations est proposée en situant les résultats obtenus par rapport aux connaissances acquises en politique comparée sur l’évolution des différents types d’État-providence.

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Democratic deliberation is an aspiration that, in the most favorable conditions, remains difficult to achieve. In divided or multinational societies, the requirements of democratic theory appear particularly daunting. This essay surveys the Canadian debate about democratization and constitutional politics to better understand the significance of democratic deliberation in a concrete case, when principles are evoked in a context where institutions, interests, identities and power also matter. The article proposes to think of deliberation and power politics as closely intertwined and, in fact impossible to separate. Even in the best conditions, multinational deliberations always remain imperfect exercises in practical reason.

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The history of Alberta's meatpacking workers is closely connected with the broader historical struggles of the working class in North America. Like their counterparts from the packinghouses in Toronto and Montreal, the workers of Calgary and Edmonton organized and fought for union recognition between 1911 and 1920, thus joining a labour revolt that was spreading throughout Europe and North America in the wake of World War I and the October Revolution. They faced stiff resistance.

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The concept of global justice has been developed to stress the worldwide implications of moral problems. Not much, however, has been written about the actual politics of global justice. This article focuses on public opinion and argues that attitudes about international redistribution are not a simple projection of attitudes about the domestic situation. In countries where domestic income redistribution is seen as an important priority, foreign aid is less popular; where this is less so, there is more concern for the fate of the poor in the South. Far from reflecting a lack of coherence in public opinion, these counterintuitive results need to be understood in connection with policy achievements in donor countries. The authors' empirical findings suggest that although the commitment to redistribute is stronger at the national level, relationships of solidarity do not stop at national boundaries. The achievement of justice at home in fact sustains justice abroad.

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The influence of partisan politics on public policy is a much debated issue of political science. With respect to foreign policy, often considered as above parties, the question appears even more problematic. This comparison of foreign aid policies in 16 OECD countries develops a structural equation model and uses LISREL analysis to demonstrate that parties do matter, even in international affairs. Social-democratic parties have an effect on a country's level of development assistance. This effect, however, is neither immediate nor direct. First, it appears only in the long run. Second, the relationship between leftist partisan strength and foreign aid works through welfare state institutions and social spending. Our findings indicate how domestic politics shapes foreign conduct. We confirm the empirical relevance of cumulative partisan scores and show how the influence of parties is mediated by other political determinants.

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Each year since 1986, between 100,000 and 135,000 households of Quebec welfare recipients have been visited by welfare inspectors, without any prior evidence of fraud. Yet, we know very little about the relevance and meaning of such controls. Following a review of the Quebec debate on this question, we try to evaluate the relevance of home visitations given the government's objectives, which focus on the reduction of errors and fraud. Since from this strictly administrative point of view, the results appear dubious, we also analyse the broader political meaning of the operation.

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Peu de fédérations ont autant de débats et de conflits que le Canada autour du respect de la division des pouvoirs et des revenus. La mise en œuvre de ces principes constitutionnels ne va en effet jamais de soi. Pour la protection sociale, ces interrogations mettent en cause respectivement le partage des compétences, la distribution des revenus dans la fédération, et les grandes orientations de politiques sociales à privilégier pour l’ensemble du pays et dans chaque province. C’est presque toujours le Québec qui se retrouve au cœur des tensions existentielles qui animent la fédération canadienne.

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Le succès électoral du Bloc québécois était prévisible. Il s'est également avéré significatif à court terme et aura des implications majeures dans les mois à venir. La première section de ce chapitre explique le caractère prévisible de la performance du Bloc, en montrant que le nouveau parti représentait une part importante et stable de l'électorat québécois. La deuxième partie traite du rôle du Bloc québécois à Ottawa et souligne, en particulier, la proximité idéologique du parti et de son électorat. Enfin, la troisième partie discute des possibilités qui s'offrent au Bloc et au Parti québécois dans la bataille référendaire qui s'amorce, insistant notamment sur les perceptions des électeurs moins décidés. En conclusion, une brève discussion suggère que le Bloc pourrait demeurer un acteur important dans les années à venir, même si les souverainistes perdaient leur référendum.

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La pagination de cette version (p.105-123) est différente de celle du document original (p.91-107).