The measured variation of the Debye-Waller factor of aluminum from 295K to 815K by using the energy dispersive x-ray diffraction technique

The Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction System at Brock University has been used to measure the intensities of the diffraction lines of aluminum powder sample as a function of temperature. At first, intensity measurements at high temperature were not reproducible. After some modifications have been made, we were able to measure the intensities of the diffraction lines to 815K, with good accuracy and reproducibility. Therefore the changes of the Debye-Waller factor from room temperature up to 815K for aluminum were determined with precision. Our results are in good agreement with those previously published.

X-ray diffraction from Al powder using energy dispersive technique

Using the energy dispersive x ...ray diffraction (EDXD) technique, the room temperature diffraction pattern of Al powder was obtained at diffraction angles ~ 30° and 50°. From the small angle diffraction pattern the average relative intensities (IR) of the (111), (200), and (220) lines were measured to be equal to 100, 62, and 32 respectively. From the large diffraction angle IR for the (220), (311+222), (400), (331+420), and (422) lines were measured to be 100,201,17,90, and 19.5 respectively. The diffraction pattern at those two angles were obtained at several higher temperatures to measure the change in the intensities of the Al lines. From the intensity changes the increase of the Debye- Waller temperature factor, i.e ~B(T), with respect to the value at room temperature was determined to be 0.6+0.1 at 250°C, 1.10+0.15 at 350°C, 1.45+0.20 at 450°C, and 2.20±0.35 at 550°C.

Clipping from a Town Council meeting at which estimates of the costs of Railway Line no. 1 and Line no. 2 were submitted by the office of Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railway

Clipping from a Town Council meeting at which estimates of the costs of Railway Line no. 1 and Line no. 2 were submitted by the office of Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railway. The estimate was submitted by S.D. Woodruff and George Rykert, president. There is also a disclaimer in which Calvin Phelps claims to have resigned as director of the Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railway when he discovered that the company had no intention to adhere to the original plan for building and running the road, Aug. 1854.

Chart of Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railway from St. Catharines to Thorold estimates

Chart of Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railway from St. Catharines to Thorold estimates. This document is slightly burnt and torn. Text is slightly affected. It is signed by S.D. Woodruff, Dec. 27, 1856.

Abstract of estimates

Abstract of estimates, June 13, 1856.

Report by Jacob Misner on setting contracts for deepening and clearing ditches and estimates of quantities and costs of marsh drainage

Report by Jacob Misner on setting contracts for deepening and clearing ditches and estimates of quantities and costs of marsh drainage (3 ½ pages, handwritten). This is marked as a copy, July 14, 1855.

Estimates for marsh drainage sent to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff for Alexander Cook and Andrew Mains

Estimates for marsh drainage sent to Dexter Deverardo from S.D. Woodruff for Alexander Cook and Andrew Mains, Nov. 30, 1855.

Abstract of estimates given to Andrew Mains for ditching on the main drain of marsh lands for 1855 and 1856

Abstract of estimates given to Andrew Mains for ditching on the main drain of marsh lands for 1855 and 1856. This is signed by S.D. Woodruff, May 1, 1857.

A torn scrap of paper which gives estimates of times worked for Fred Holmes, Joe Simpson, John Simpson, William Baird and William Case

A torn scrap of paper which gives estimates of times worked for Fred Holmes, Joe Simpson, John Simpson, William Baird and William Case. Much of the text is missing. This is signed by Fred Holmes, Dec. 1857.