Sport

Samlingen med signum HB XII finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller litteratur till och med år 1999 om gymnastik, sport, lekar och spel som exempel litteratur om scouting och schack. Litteraturen i samlingen söks i Alma med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB XII. En del litteratur tryckt före 1980 skall sökas manuellt i huvudbibliotekets systematiska kortkatalog, men retroaktiv inmatning i Alma av litteratur tryckt mellan 1830 och 1979 pågår. Från och med år 2000 ingår litteratur vid huvudbiblioteket i en numerus currens-samling. År 1978 erhöll biblioteket en donation av Thorsten Gauffin om 620 volymer schacklitteratur och denna litteratur infogades inte i klass HB XII. Specialsamlingen har signum HB Saml. Gauffin.

Brand positioning for sport goods

The objective of this study was to find out how Exel position itself against its most important competitors, and how it could strengthen its own position in the future. Both end and intermediate customers was researched about their preferences and how the decision process could be influenced. The research was done by telephone interviews and the data was analyzed by statistical methods. The results showed that the decision making when buying floorball sticks is mainly influenced by the image of the brand and the popularity of the brand, rather than the actual technical abilities of the stick.

Henkilöstön kokonaisvaltainen kannustinjärjestelmä : Case: Sport-Cotton -konsernin liikunta- ja hyvinvointiliiketoiminta

Taloudellisen taantuman jälkeen yksi suurimmista puheenaiheista työväestön keskuudessa on tyytymättömyys suhteellisen pieniin yleisiin palkankorotuksiin tai jopa niiden puuttumiseen kokonaan. Vuonna 2013 ei näkyvissä ole sellaisia merkkejä talouskasvusta, että palkkoja voitaisiin merkittävästi korottaa yleisellä tasolla. Tämä seikka nostaa esille kokonaisvaltaisen kannustinjärjestelmän arvon eri organisaatioissa. Henkilöstön kokonaisvaltainen kannustinjärjestelmä on yksi väline, jolla voidaan motivoida, sitouttaa, kehittää ja johtaa nykyisen työelämän tietotyöntekijöitä taloudellisesti kannattavalla tavalla ja sitä kautta vahvistaa organisaation kilpailukykyä sekä paikallisilla että yhä globaalimmilla markkinoilla. Tämä tutkimus toteutettiin konstruktiivisena tutkimuksena tarkoituksenaan henkilöstön kokonaisvaltaisen kannustinjärjestelmän luominen toimeksiantajayrityksen, Sport-Cotton Oy:n liikunta- ja hyvinvointiliiketoiminnan, tarpeisiin. Henkilöstön kokonaisvaltaisen kannustinjärjestelmän perustana ovat organisaation sille asettamat tavoitteet. Kannustinjärjestelmälle asetetut tavoitteet ja reunaehdot määrittelevät käytettävät kannustimet, mutta kannustinjärjestelmästä tekee kokonaisvaltaisen sekä aineettomien että aineellisten kannustimien hyödyntäminen tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi. Järjestelmä ei voi olla kiveen hakattu, sillä organisaatiot ja niiden toimintaympäristöt muuttuvat jatkuvasti. Esimerkiksi teknologisen kehityksen myötä työn luonne muuttuu ja markkinat globalisoituvat, mikä puolestaan voi merkittävästi vaikuttaa kannustinjärjestelmälle asetettuihin tavoitteisiin. Tutkimuksen mukaan henkilöstön kokonaisvaltainen kannustinjärjestelmä voidaan nähdä päivittäisen johtamisen työkaluna, joka on osa organisaation päivittäistä toimintaa. Henkilöstön osallistuminen kannustinjärjestelmän suunnitteluprosessiin on luonnollinen keino osallistaa ja sitouttaa henkilöstöä heihin vaikuttavaan uuteen asiaan ja usein sen mukanaan tuomaan muutokseen. Organisaation kannalta henkilöstön sitouttamisella prosessiin voidaan saavuttaa selkeitä hyötyjä.

Professional sports and gambling regulation in Finland - Examining the institutional factors of gambling affecting professional sport clubs in Finland

This study examines how to institutional environment of gambling is currently in motion both in Europe and Finland. Furthermore, it examines the criticism by Finnish professional sport clubs directed towards the national gambling monopolies, especially Veikkaus Oy. This criticism addresses the acclaimed issue of low or non-existing sponsorship funds coming to the clubs despite the clubs’ duties to promote Veikkaus Oy in their stadiums etc. In essence the main research objective was to examine the interaction and institutional environments of both Finnish professional sport clubs and gambling regulation. This was done through three sub-objectives: 1) to analyze professional sport as business and its institutional environment 2) to analyze the institutions of gambling in their current state and their potential future 3) to evaluate the potential impact of an institutional change in gambling legislation to the professional sport clubs The findings from Finland were then compared to those of Denmark where an institutional change had occurred in gambling regulation. Empirical data was collected through multiple interviews. Interviewees represented sport clubs (7), sport association (1), sport league (1), Finnish monopoly representatives (2), commercial gambling providers (1), Danish monopoly system representatives (1), Danish sport club (1). In addition a vast amount of secondary data (e.g. Green and white books by EU, court decisions, a variety of studies etc.). Theoretically this study combines the aspects of institutional theory with the theory of professional sports as business. This proved to be a rather new approach and no published literature was found to have done specifically this. The findings of this study are twofold, on the European level it is clear that the momentum if towards a more liberated gambling market while Finland is at the moment trying to go the opposite direction and uphold its monopoly. From the sport club’s level the findings suggest that currently sport clubs do not directly benefit from the funds originated from Veikkaus Oy as these funds are more or less used on the association/league levels. However, the clubs themselves are also lacking in self-criticism as they are lacking in clear sponsorship packages/programs which Veikkaus Oy might be interested in participating. If liberation of the gambling market would occur it is highly possible that that the largest clubs in football and ice-hockey would be the main beneficiaries while smaller clubs and sports could possibly be worse off than currently. These interpretations were well supported by the findings from Denmark.

Sport-based corporate social responsibility in European professional football

In the past few decades, sport has become a major business with remarkable international reach. As part of the commercial sector of sport, professional sport is said to be intrinsically different from other businesses due to its unique characteristics, such as the peculiar economics and the intense loyalty of fans. Simultaneously with the growing business aspect, sport continues to have great social and cultural impacts on our society. Sport has also become an increasingly popular means of attending social problems due to its alleged suitability for such purposes and its popular appeal. A great number of actors in the professional sport industry have long been involved in socially responsible activities, many of which have been sport-related. While Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been extensively studied in general, its role in the professional sport industry has received less attention in the academic research until recently. It has been argued that due to the unique characteristics of professional sport, CSR should also be studied in this particular context. The objective of this study was to contribute to filling the research gap and increase the understanding of CSR in the context of professional sport by examining sport-related CSR realized by professional football clubs in Europe. The theoretical part of this study leaned on previous literature about using sport as a means of attending social issues and the role of CSR in professional sport industry. The empirical part of the study was carried out through web site analyses and interviews. The clubs to be examined were chosen by using purposive sampling technique and taking into consideration the accessibility and suitability of information the clubs could offer. The method used for analyzing the data was qualitative content analysis. The empirical findings were largely in line with the theoretical framework of the study. The sportrelated CSR of the clubs was concentrated on teaching the participants diverse skills and values, improving their health, encouraging social inclusion, supporting disabled people, and promoting overall participation in sport. The clubs also emphasized the importance of local communities as targets of their CSR. CSR had been an integral part of the clubs’ activities from the beginning, but there were remarkable differences between large and small clubs in terms of structured organization and realization of their CSR. Measuring and evaluation of CSR appeared to be a challenge for most clubs regardless of their size and resources. The motives for the clubs to engage in CSR seemed to be related to the clubs’ values or to their stakeholders’ interests. In general, the clubs’ CSR went beyond what the society is likely to expect from them in legal or ethical sense.

Myyntitiimin organisaatiokansalaisuus: taustatekijät ja korrelaatio taloudelliseen tulokseen : Case: Top-Sport Oy

Jatkuvassa muutoksessa olevan työelämän yksi suurimpia haasteita on työntekijöiden työssä jaksaminen ja työhyvinvointi. Vaikka haasteisiin onkin jo puututtu ja esimerkiksi työhyvinvointia mitataan monissa työpaikoissa, olosuhteiden parantaminen vielä asia erikseen. Osasyy siihen, että työhyvinvoinnin parantamiseen ei keskitytä tarpeeksi saattaa olla se, että työhyvinvoinnin merkitystä taloudellisen menestyksen kannalta ei ole pystytty tieteellisesti todistamaan. Tässä tutkielmassa tutkitaan myyntitiimien sisäisiä ominaisuuksia ja erityisesti myyntitiimien organisaatiokansalaisuutta, sen taustatekijöitä ja niiden lineaarista riippuvuussuhdetta myyntitiimin taloudelliseen tulokseen. Tutkielman päätarkoituksena on pyrkiä selvittämään löytyykö myyntitiimin taloudellisen tuloksen ja myyntitiimin organisaatiokansalaisuuden ja sen taustatekijöiden välillä suhdetta, mikä voisi selittää myyntitiimin työhyvinvoinnin ja taloudellisen tuloksen välistä mekaniikkaa. Pääongelma onkin, miten organisaatiokansalaisuus ja sen taustatekijät myyntitiimissä korreloivat tiimin taloudelliseen tuloksen kanssa? Tutkielman teoriaosuudessa keskitytään myyntitiimien teoriaan ja organisaatiokansalaisuuden teoriaan. Tiimien käyttö kaikissa organisaatioissa on yleistynyt valtavasti viime vuosikymmenien aikana. Tiimeistä on tullut organisaatioihin toimintatapa, jolla asiat saadaan toimimaan yksikön funktiosta tai toimialasta huolimatta. Tutkielman toinen teoria liittyy organisaatiokansalaisuuteen. Organisaatiokansalaisuus on johtamisen kirjallisuudesta löytyvä ilmiö, mikä merkitsee työntekijöiden sellaista vapaaehtoista käytöstä, minkä lopputulemana organisaatio menestyy paremmin. Tutkielmassa empiirisessä osassa keskitytään tutkimaan vapaa-ajan vaatteita ja välineitä myyvän Top-Sport Oy:n myyntitiimejä. Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisena case-tutkimuksena. Tutkimukseen osallistuivat kaikki organisaation 24 myyntitiimiä. Aineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeen avulla. Kyselylomakkeen sisältö johdettiin tutkielman teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä. Aineiston analysoimisessa käytettiin hyväksi taloustieteen kvantitatiivisia menetelmiä, jonka jälkeen tuloksia tulkittiin teoreettisen viitekehyksen ja tutkijan näkemyksen pohjalta. Tutkielman keskeisinä tuloksina löydettiin, että organisaatiokansalaisuus on positiivisesti korreloiva monien ilmiön taustatekijöiden kuten esimiestyytyväisyyden, ilmapiirin ja sitoutumisen kanssa. Toisaalta organisaatiokansalaisuuden löydettiin korreloivan negatiivisesti myyntitiimin jäsenten työsuhteen keston ja erityisesti myyntitiimin taloudellisen tuloksen kanssa. Johtopäätöksenä tutkielmasta voidaan sanoa, että yleisesti positiivisena ilmiönä pidettyä organisaatiokansalaisuutta tulisi alkaa tarkastella kriittisemmin, koska tutkielman tulosten mukaan organisaatiokansalaisuus ei ole yksiselitteisesti positiivinen ilmiö ainakaan myyntitiimin taloudelliseen tuloksen näkökulmasta.

The Concept of Betterness and Sport Competitions

It is common that people disagree on a question which athlete or team was the best in a particular sport competition. This thesis attempts to clarify these disputes by analysing the concept of betterness in the context of sport competitions. Betterness can be interpersonal, intrapersonal or a combination of the two. I focus on interpersonal betterness, that is, on superiority. For example, interpersonal betterness may be contested in a football match between the national teams of Germany and Argentina. My aim is to provide a philosophical account of interpersonal betterness. The account has two functions: descriptive and normative. It describes the shapes and forms in which superiority is instantiated in sport competitions. It also provides a consistent and accurate way to discuss superiority. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, I introduce, elaborate and illustrate my account, which in turn consists of three elements: (1) relations of superiority, (2) standards for the relations of superiority and (3) types of competition. I also discuss my account’s relevance to issues of sport ethics through the example of gender equity and women’s ski jumping. I conclude that this account will not end the disputes over which team or athlete was better in a particular competition. Instead, it provides tools for a more consistent discussion of the disputed issues. The second part of the thesis includes five reprinted original articles. The account presented in the first part is based on these publications.

Sponsor Satisfaction in a Regional Charity Sport Event

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to study sponsor satisfaction in charity sport events. Lack of research in regional charity sport events, emergence of corporate social responsibility and increasing popularity of charity sport events have created a research gap to be further explored. Theoretical part of the thesis focuses in development of sponsorships, charity sport event sponsorships and sponsorship as a marketing tool. Concept of satisfaction is discussed by implementing marketing theories to weight options on measuring sponsor satisfaction as a part of sponsorship evaluation process. Empirical analysis of the thesis was conducted in a regional charity sport event – Maailman Pisin Salibandyottelu. Evidences were collected in qualitative research method through semi-structured theme interviews. Altogether 12 major and minor sponsors were selected for the primary source of data. The data was analyzed by comparing sponsors’ expectations and experiences, and by displaying sponsors’ perceived satisfaction. The results indicated that sponsors were involved by partly altruistic and partly selfish motives as suggested by previous research. Respondents expressed very few, mainly non-financial expectations, yet were hoping to gain positive image association via event exposure. Negative experiences appear to have relatively small impact in overall satisfaction. Exceeding or fulfilling expectations appears to increase perceived satisfaction which was mainly driven by contribution towards the goodwill, perceived success of the event (successful record attempt, visibility (on- and off-line) and event execution.

Triadic Perspective to Sport Sponsorship Relationships

Often the empirical studies about sport sponsorship co-operation have concentrated on the relationships between the sponsor and the sponsored target excluding the phenomenon sports manager, i.e. the intermediating actor from further examination. In this study the purpose was to contribute to the research gap in the current literature by thoroughly describing the roles and relationships in the sport sponsorship co-operation that includes an intermediating actor, that is a triad. The main objective was pursued to fulfill with the help of two sub-level research questions that were identified as ”What is the nature of the sport sponsorship triad?” and ”What is the role of the intermediating actor within the sport sponsorship triad?” First, the theorethical framework was constructed based on the existing literature of business relationship triads and sponsorship co-operation that were integrated in the synthesis of the theories the purpose of which was to produce a framework for empirical research. Then a qualitative research was conducted by using a single-case study approach. The data was collected through a semi-structured theme interview in person with the sports manager. Similar questionnaires were sent out to the sponsor and the athlete and answered in writing. After collecting the data, the actor roles’ and their relationships were examined individually, after which the analysis of the results was carried out and divided according to the research questions. The nature of the sport sponsorship triad was found to be a serial triad that could be likened to a system of two dyads connected by the intermediating actor. Each actor seemed to occupy a specific justifiable position within the co-operation, even though the relationships were found to be unbalanced in terms of resources, power/strength, interaction patterns and interconnectedness. The core role of the intermediating actor was found to be the role of a mediator, which was seen to increase the other parties’ dependence of the manager’s performance. Therefore, the role of the intermediating actor should be considered crucial for the very existence of the sport sponsorship co-operation, especially in cases where the nature of the triad is a serial triad.