Tutkimus- ja kehitystoiminnan julkinen rahoitus suuryrityksissä

Tässä tutkielmassa on pyritty selvittämään suomalaisten suuryritysten t&k-toiminnan julkista rahoitusta. Aihetta on tarkasteltu monesta eri näkökulmasta: teoriaan, postikyselyvastauksiin ja yksittäisen yrityksen toiminnan kuvaukseen pohjautuen. Tavoitteena on selvittää tällä tavoin kerättyjen tietojen avulla suuryrityksille suunnattuja ulkopuolisen rahoituksen mahdollisuuksia sekä luoda lisävalaistusta siihen, millaista on tehokas julkisen t&k-tuen hakeminen ja käsittely suuryrityksissä. Tutkielma jaoteltiin niin, että ensimmäiseksi tarkastellaan t&k-toimintaa, sen julkista rahoitusta ja tuenantajia. Toisessa osassa käsitellään suuryritysten käytännön kokemuksia t&k-toiminnan julkisrahoitukseen liittyvistä seikoista. Kolmannessa osassa käydään tarkemmin läpi yhden yrityksen t&k-hankkeiden julkista rahoitusta. Tarkastelussa voidaan havaita suuryritysten tukeutuvan julkisen tuen hakemisessa lähinnä Tekesin ja Euroopan unionin teknologiahankkeisiin. Kuitenkin myös muita ulkopuolisen rahoituksen lähteitä oli käytetty. Yritykset pitivät saatua t&k-tukea toimintansa kannalta merkittävänä, vaikka se vaatii yrityksiltä tuenantajasta riippuen enemmän tai vähemmän panostuksia. Monet projektit olisivat jääneet tekemättä ilman tuen saamista. Tutkielman tuloksista voidaan nähdä kansainvälistymisen merkityksen korostuvan yleisesti t&k-toiminnassa. Yrityksen t&k-toiminnan julkisen rahoituksen ollessa tehokasta, on havaittavissa puolestaan yhteys hyvin organisoidun t&k-tuen hakemisen, korkean julkista rahoitusta koskevan tietotason ja tuenantajia koskevan tyytyväisyyden välillä.

Commercializing technology in transitional economies. Case: Nanotechnology in Russia

The aim of the study is to find out “What are the challenges to overcome for the successful nanotechnology commercialization in Russia?” Working closely with the case country was definitely an advantage when it comes to the understanding of the research subject. The thesis is divided to two parts: first part examines the concept of technology commercialization and identifies unique aspects of the process in context of nanotechnology. Second part is dedicated to an empirical research, investigating current status of nanotechnology commercialization in Russia. For the purpose of this study, Russian and international scientists, researchers, entrepreneurs, industry and government representatives were interviewed systematically during 2007 – 2009. Based on the research done it can be concluded that immense public funding provides necessary support for the development of Russian nanotechnology industry. However, investments alone do not address important structural shortcomings of a national innovation system, which in turn slow down the progress. Taking into consideration gap between science and business and challenging IPR legislation, expected significant economic impact in Russia may be overestimated. Nevertheless it should be noted that development of nanotechnology is advancing rapidly and therefore, the state of commercialization is changing accordingly, even while this lines are written.

AQUAREL CONCEPT Aquatic resources for green energy realization

The AQUAREL project studied the availability and optional utilization methods for fish processing side streams and other aquatic biomaterial in the Republic of Karelia. Additionally processing aquatic biomaterial with manure and sewage sludge was studied. Based on the results, the most feasible option today is to process fish side streams to fish oil and dewatered oil-free residue and to use them for fish or animal feed production. However, it is necessary to highlight, that changes in e.g. economic environment, energy prices and demand may require re-evaluating the results and conclusions made in the project. Producing fish oil from fish processing side streams is an easy and relatively simple production process generating a valuable end product. The functionality of the process was confirmed in a pilot conducted in the project. The oil and solids are separated from the heated fish waste based on gravity. The fish oil separating on top of the separator unit is removed. Fish oil can as such be utilized for heating purposes, fish meal or animal feed production, but it can also be further processed to biodiesel. However, due to currently moderate energy prices in Russia, biodiesel production is not economically profitable. Even if the fish oil production process is not complicated, the operative management of small-scale fish oil production unit requires dedicated resources and separate facilities especially to meet hygiene requirements. Managing the side streams is not a core business for fish farmers. Efficient and economically profitable fish oil production requires a centralized production unit with bigger processing capacity. One fish processing unit needs to be designed to manage side streams collected from several fish farms. The optimum location for the processing unit is in the middle of the fish farms. Based on the transportation cost analysis in the Republic of Karelia, it is not economically efficient to transport bio-wastes for more than 100 km since the transportation costs start increasing substantially. Another issue to be considered is that collection of side streams, including the dead fish, from the fish farms should be organized on a daily basis in order to eliminate the need for storing the side streams at the farms. Based on AQUAREL project studies there are different public funding sources available for supporting and enabling profitable and environmentally sustainable utilization, research or development of fish processing side streams and other aquatic biomaterial. Different funding programmes can be utilized by companies, research organizations, authorities and non-governmental organizations.

High-Tech Commercialization Research Projects: A Pragmatic View

In the Finnish university society the commercialization research projects has not been a focus of interest until now. The reasons for the growing interest towards commercialization research projects are their possibility to develop our economy simultaneously by providing new technologies and products. This study focuses on the examination of what kind of high-technology oriented research can be commercialized and how. The aim is to generate understanding of how commercialization research projects should proceed and to find concrete ways of improving the of commercialization research projects. As its research method, the study analyzes four different university high-technology research projects which have been commercially oriented and have to some degree been able to commercialize the product or technology developed during the research phase. The data has been gathered mainly by semi-structured interviews of people involved in these particular projects or cases. The findings from the interviews have been reflected to the final reports of the projects, provided by TEKES, and later on the data gained has been compared to each other. Also a literature review has been produced about the subject of commercializing university research with the purpose of providing known theories and framework connected with the subject. The study reveals five main factors related to commercializing high-tech research. These factors are: The Team, Market potential and competitiveness, Product and technology, Funding and Steering Group. Also the uncertainties related to these factors have been addressed. As a conclusion the study provides the main aspects that should be considered when starting a commercialization research project. Also a combining hierarchical framework has been provided related to the five factors presented. In Chapter 5 the study addresses the main tasks or steps to be taken in order to get public funding for a commercially oriented research project and later on the actual steps to be executed in order to successfully commercialize these high-tech research projects.

Finnish game developers’ perception on public and private funding sources: a survey analysis

The aim of this study is to find out how game companies perceive the three traditional funding sources and how well their opinions and needs are reflected on the choices they make. To accomplish this, 20 game companies were questioned about multiple topics with the help of Tekes and Neogames. The results of this study show that game developers clearly differentiate the three major funding sources and the public sector ends up being the most significant source of external funding. This study also points out that most game companies are indeed facing issues in acquiring funding as well as various other resources.