"Flum Jordan" ja 42 muuta tyyppiä

Kirja-arvio

A mathematical study of fuzzy logic; an algebraic approach

Fuzzy set theory and Fuzzy logic is studied from a mathematical point of view. The main goal is to investigatecommon mathematical structures in various fuzzy logical inference systems and to establish a general mathematical basis for fuzzy logic when considered as multi-valued logic. The study is composed of six distinct publications. The first paper deals with Mattila'sLPC+Ch Calculus. THis fuzzy inference system is an attempt to introduce linguistic objects to mathematical logic without defining these objects mathematically.LPC+Ch Calculus is analyzed from algebraic point of view and it is demonstratedthat suitable factorization of the set of well formed formulae (in fact, Lindenbaum algebra) leads to a structure called ET-algebra and introduced in the beginning of the paper. On its basis, all the theorems presented by Mattila and many others can be proved in a simple way which is demonstrated in the Lemmas 1 and 2and Propositions 1-3. The conclusion critically discusses some other issues of LPC+Ch Calculus, specially that no formal semantics for it is given.In the second paper the characterization of solvability of the relational equation RoX=T, where R, X, T are fuzzy relations, X the unknown one, and o the minimum-induced composition by Sanchez, is extended to compositions induced by more general products in the general value lattice. Moreover, the procedure also applies to systemsof equations. In the third publication common features in various fuzzy logicalsystems are investigated. It turns out that adjoint couples and residuated lattices are very often present, though not always explicitly expressed. Some minor new results are also proved.The fourth study concerns Novak's paper, in which Novak introduced first-order fuzzy logic and proved, among other things, the semantico-syntactical completeness of this logic. He also demonstrated that the algebra of his logic is a generalized residuated lattice. In proving that the examination of Novak's logic can be reduced to the examination of locally finite MV-algebras.In the fifth paper a multi-valued sentential logic with values of truth in an injective MV-algebra is introduced and the axiomatizability of this logic is proved. The paper developes some ideas of Goguen and generalizes the results of Pavelka on the unit interval. Our proof for the completeness is purely algebraic. A corollary of the Completeness Theorem is that fuzzy logic on the unit interval is semantically complete if, and only if the algebra of the valuesof truth is a complete MV-algebra. The Compactness Theorem holds in our well-defined fuzzy sentential logic, while the Deduction Theorem and the Finiteness Theorem do not. Because of its generality and good-behaviour, MV-valued logic can be regarded as a mathematical basis of fuzzy reasoning. The last paper is a continuation of the fifth study. The semantics and syntax of fuzzy predicate logic with values of truth in ana injective MV-algerba are introduced, and a list of universally valid sentences is established. The system is proved to be semanticallycomplete. This proof is based on an idea utilizing some elementary properties of injective MV-algebras and MV-homomorphisms, and is purely algebraic.

"Haktivismin" kolme tyyppiä : nettiteknologioiden politiikasta

Abstract: Three types of 'hacktivism': politics of internet technologies

Fuzzy subgroups, algebraic and topological points of view and complex analysis

Fuzzy subsets and fuzzy subgroups are basic concepts in fuzzy mathematics. We shall concentrate on fuzzy subgroups dealing with some of their algebraic, topological and complex analytical properties. Explorations are theoretical belonging to pure mathematics. One of our ideas is to show how widely fuzzy subgroups can be used in mathematics, which brings out the wealth of this concept. In complex analysis we focus on Möbius transformations, combining them with fuzzy subgroups in the algebraic and topological sense. We also survey MV spaces with or without a link to fuzzy subgroups. Spectral space is known in MV algebra. We are interested in its topological properties in MV-semilinear space. Later on, we shall study MV algebras in connection with Riemann surfaces. In fact, the Riemann surface as a concept belongs to complex analysis. On the other hand, Möbius transformations form a part of the theory of Riemann surfaces. In general, this work gives a good understanding how it is possible to fit together different fields of mathematics.

De concoctione ventriculi

Invocatio: Sanctissimi Jehovae ductu! - Esipuhe.

De virtutis moralis natura in genere, pietate et justitia in specie

Invocatio: Auspicio altissimi.

Ad doctrinam de philosophia practica imprimis summo bono civili, actionibus itidem humanis

Numerot 12862-67 ilmestyneet kirjana: Philosophia moralis sive Ethica, ex optimis quibusq[ue] philosophis per praecepta commentaria & quaestiones succint [et] dilucid tradita [et] ventilata in Acad. Aboensi, authore & praeside m. Axelio Kempe Acad. bibliothecario. Addita est ad calcem appedicis loco hexilogia codem authore. Aboae, impressâ â Petro Hansonio Acad. typogr. Anno 1656

Le jazz : jazz and music criticism in France

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Etelä-Savon aluetalouskatsaus 2010

Etelä-Savon aluetalouskatsaus 2010 on laadittu ELY-keskuksen ESR-rahoitteisessa ennakointiprojektissa. Katsaus laaditaan vuosittain ja se toimii osaltaan maakunnan kehityksen seurannan ja tulevaisuuden arvioinnin dokumenttina. Katsaus perustuu pääosin viimeisiin saatavilla oleviin tilastotietoihin, jotka Tilastokeskus tuottaa. Suurimman osan katsauksesta muodostavat Tilastokeskukselta hankitut yritysten liikevaihdon, viennin ja henkilöstömäärän kehitystä kuvaavat indeksisarjat Etelä-Savon kannalta keskeisiltä toimialoilta ja yritysryhmistä. Indeksisarjojen tiedot ovat vuoden 2009 loppuun saakka ja kuvaavat suhdanteiden kehitystä, mikä nykytilanteessa kertoo parhaiten sen, missä mennään. Tekstien laadintaan ovat osallistuneet suunnittelijat Marja Haverinen, Anne Pylkkönen ja Vesa Horttanainen sekä kehityspäällikkö Marja Aro ja ennakointiasiantuntija Merja Toijonen Etelä-Savon ELY-keskuksesta . Arviointeja varten on haastateltu mm. ELY-keskuksen ja Finnveran asiantuntijoita. Vuotta 2009 elettiin koko maassa taantuman merkeissä. Etelä-Savossa talouden supistuminen jäi kuitenkin jonkin verran koko maata pienemmäksi. Vuotuisella kasvuprosentilla mitaten Etelä-Savon yritysten liikevaihto supistui edellisestä vuodesta 13,18 prosenttia, kun koko maa taantui 16,13 prosentin verran. Etelä-Savossa teollisuudessa ja rakentamisessa supistuminen oli vuonna 2009 suurin piirtein koko maan keskimääräistä tasoa, tosin teollisuuden henkilöstömäärä putosi Etelä-Savossa hiukan koko maata enemmän. Loppuvuodesta 2009 teollisuuden liikevaihdon lasku taittui koko maassa, mutta Etelä-Savossa se jatkoi vielä laskuaan. Maakunnan teollisuuden kehitys, varsinkin teknologiateollisuuden yrityksissä, on jäänyt koko maahan verrattuna jälkeen jo taantumaa edeltävinä vuosina. Puutuoteteollisuudessa taantuman aiheuttama pudotus oli suurempi kuin koko maassa mutta ala on alkanut jo toipua maakunnassa ja vientitilanne kohentua. Palvelualoilla ja varsinkin kaupassa Etelä-Savon yritysten liikevaihdon supistuminen jäi viime vuonna koko maata pienemmäksi. Uusia kauppaketjuja on levittäytynyt Etelä-Savoon ja niiden myötä ostovoiman odotetaan pysyvän entistä enemmän omassa maakunnassa eikä valuvan alueen ulkopuolelle. Vuonna 2009 Etelä-Savon työttömyysaste nousi kahdella prosenttiyksiköllä 11,5 prosenttiin Koko maan työttömyysaste oli 9,9 prosenttia. Lomautukset ovat heikentäneet koko taantuman ajan erityisesti miesten työllisyyttä. Huhtikuussa 2010 alkoi kuitenkin sekä henkilökohtaisesti lomautettujen että ryhmälomautettujen määrä selvästi laskea. Huomattavaa on, että vuoden 2009 aikana Etelä-Savon työllisten määrä laski 3 000:lla edellisvuoden 65 000:sta. Samaan aikaan myös työikäisten määrä aleni yli 800 hengellä. Vaikka odotettavissa on työttömien määrän väheneminen seuraavan vuoden aikana, ei työllisten määrässä päästäne enää 2000-luvun alkuvuosien tasolle maakunnan ikärakenteesta johtuen.

Forecasting of wind speeds and directions with artificial neural networks

In this master’s thesis, wind speeds and directions were modeled with the aim of developing suitable models for hourly, daily, weekly and monthly forecasting. Artificial Neural Networks implemented in MATLAB software were used to perform the forecasts. Three main types of artificial neural network were built, namely: Feed forward neural networks, Jordan Elman neural networks and Cascade forward neural networks. Four sub models of each of these neural networks were also built, corresponding to the four forecast horizons, for both wind speeds and directions. A single neural network topology was used for each of the forecast horizons, regardless of the model type. All the models were then trained with real data of wind speeds and directions collected over a period of two years in the municipal region of Puumala in Finland. Only 70% of the data was used for training, validation and testing of the models, while the second last 15% of the data was presented to the trained models for verification. The model outputs were then compared to the last 15% of the original data, by measuring the mean square errors and sum square errors between them. Based on the results, the feed forward networks returned the lowest generalization errors for hourly, weekly and monthly forecasts of wind speeds; Jordan Elman networks returned the lowest errors when used for forecasting of daily wind speeds. Cascade forward networks gave the lowest errors when used for forecasting daily, weekly and monthly wind directions; Jordan Elman networks returned the lowest errors when used for hourly forecasting. The errors were relatively low during training of the models, but shot up upon simulation with new inputs. In addition, a combination of hyperbolic tangent transfer functions for both hidden and output layers returned better results compared to other combinations of transfer functions. In general, wind speeds were more predictable as compared to wind directions, opening up opportunities for further research into building better models for wind direction forecasting.

Preserve your content with LOCKSS-O-Matic

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Digital Preservation Tools, Practices, and Policies in Islandora

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014