BotCloud Detection System

Leveraging cloud services, companies and organizations can significantly improve their efficiency, as well as building novel business opportunities. Cloud computing offers various advantages to companies while having some risks for them too. Advantages offered by service providers are mostly about efficiency and reliability while risks of cloud computing are mostly about security problems. Problems with security of the cloud still demand significant attention in order to tackle the potential problems. Security problems in the cloud as security problems in any area of computing, can not be fully tackled. However creating novel and new solutions can be used by service providers to mitigate the potential threats to a large extent. Looking at the security problem from a very high perspective, there are two focus directions. Security problems that threaten service user’s security and privacy are at one side. On the other hand, security problems that threaten service provider’s security and privacy are on the other side. Both kinds of threats should mostly be detected and mitigated by service providers. Looking a bit closer to the problem, mitigating security problems that target providers can protect both service provider and the user. However, the focus of research community mostly is to provide solutions to protect cloud users. A significant research effort has been put in protecting cloud tenants against external attacks. However, attacks that are originated from elastic, on-demand and legitimate cloud resources should still be considered seriously. The cloud-based botnet or botcloud is one of the prevalent cases of cloud resource misuses. Unfortunately, some of the cloud’s essential characteristics enable criminals to form reliable and low cost botclouds in a short time. In this paper, we present a system that helps to detect distributed infected Virtual Machines (VMs) acting as elements of botclouds. Based on a set of botnet related system level symptoms, our system groups VMs. Grouping VMs helps to separate infected VMs from others and narrows down the target group under inspection. Our system takes advantages of Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) and data mining techniques.

Identification and characterisation of a novel adhesin of Streptococcus suis and its use as a target of adhesion inhibition and bacterial detection

Streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen but it is also zoonotic, i.e. capable of causing diseases in humans. Human S. suis infections are quite uncommon but potentially life-threatening and the pathogen is an emerging public health concern. This Gram-positive bacterium possesses a galabiose-specific (Galalpha1−4Gal) adhesion activity, which has been studied for over 20 years. P-fimbriated Escherichia coli−bacteria also possess a similar adhesin activity targeting the same disaccharide. The galabiose-specific adhesin of S. suis was identified by an affinity proteomics method. No function of the protein identified was formerly known and it was designated streptococcal adhesin P (SadP). The peptide sequence of SadP contains an LPXTG-motif and the protein was proven to be cell wall−anchored. SadP may be multimeric since in SDS-PAGE gel it formed a protein ladder starting from about 200 kDa. The identification was confirmed by producing knockout strains lacking functional adhesin, which had lost their ability to bind to galabiose. The adhesin gene was cloned in a bacterial expression host and properties of the recombinant adhesin were studied. The galabiose-binding properties of the recombinant protein were found to be consistent with previous results obtained studying whole bacterial cells. A live-bacteria application of surface plasmon resonance was set up, and various carbohydrate inhibitors of the galabiose-specific adhesins were studied with this assay. The potencies of the inhibitors were highly dependent on multivalency. Compared with P-fimbriated E. coli, lower concentrations of galabiose derivatives were needed to inhibit the adhesion of S. suis. Multivalent inhibitors of S. suis adhesion were found to be effective at low nanomolar concentrations. To specifically detect galabiose adhesin−expressing S. suis bacteria, a technique utilising magnetic glycoparticles and an ATP bioluminescence bacterial detection system was also developed. The identification and characterisation of the SadP adhesin give valuable information on the adhesion mechanisms of S. suis, and the results of this study may be helpful for the development of novel inhibitors and specific detection methods of this pathogen.

A Mobile High Sensitivity On-field Organophosphorous Compounds Detecting System for IoT Based Food Safety Tracking

Food safety has always been a social issue that draws great public attention. With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies and intelligent devices, more and more Internet of Things (IoT) systems are applied in the food safety tracking field. However, connection between things and information system is usually established by pre-storing information of things into RFID Tag, which is inapplicable for on-field food safety detection. Therefore, considering pesticide residue is one of the severe threaten to food safety, a new portable, high-sensitivity, low-power, on-field organophosphorus (OP) compounds detection system is proposed in this thesis to realize the on-field food safety detection. The system is designed based on optical detection method by using a customized photo-detection sensor. A Micro Controller Unit (MCU) and a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module are used to quantize and transmit detection result. An Android Application (APP) is also developed for the system to processing and display detection result as well as control the detection process. Besides, a quartzose sample container and black system box are also designed and made for the system demonstration. Several optimizations are made in wireless communication, circuit layout, Android APP and industrial design to realize the mobility, low power and intelligence.

Flexible Sensor for Wearable Vital Sign Monitoring System

In modern society, the body health is a very important issue to everyone. With the development of the science and technology, the new and developed body health monitoring device and technology will play the key role in the daily medical activities. This paper focus on making progress in the design of the wearable vital sign system. A vital sign monitoring system has been proposed and designed. The whole detection system is composed of signal collecting subsystem, signal processing subsystem, short-range wireless communication subsystem and user interface subsystem. The signal collecting subsystem is composed of light source and photo diode, after emiting light of two different wavelength, the photo diode collects the light signal reflected by human body tissue. The signal processing subsystem is based on the analog front end AFE4490 and peripheral circuits, the collected analog signal would be filtered and converted into digital signal in this stage. After a series of processing, the signal would be transmitted to the short-range wireless communication subsystem through SPI, this subsystem is mainly based on Bluetooth 4.0 protocol and ultra-low power System on Chip(SoC) nRF51822. Finally, the signal would be transmitted to the user end. After proposing and building the system, this paper focus on the research of the key component in the system, that is, the photo detector. Based on the study of the perovskite materials, a low temperature processed photo detector has been proposed, designed and researched. The device is made up of light absorbing layer, electron transporting and hole blocking layer, hole transporting and electron blocking layer, conductive substrate layer and metal electrode layer. The light absorbing layer is the important part of whole device, and it is fabricated by perovskite materials. After accepting the light, the electron-hole pair would be produced in this layer, and due to the energy level difference, the electron and hole produced would be transmitted to metal electrode and conductive substrate electrode through electron transporting layer and hole transporting layer respectively. In this way the response current would be produced. Based on this structure, the specific fabrication procedure including substrate cleaning; PEDOT:PSS layer preparation; pervoskite layer preparation; PCBM layer preparation; C60, BCP, and Ag electrode layer preparation. After the device fabrication, a series of morphological characterization and performance testing has been done. The testing procedure including film-forming quality inspection, response current and light wavelength analysis, linearity and response time and other optical and electrical properties testing. The testing result shows that the membrane has been fabricated uniformly; the device can produce obvious response current to the incident light with the wavelength from 350nm to 800nm, and the response current could be changed along with the light wavelength. When the light wavelength keeps constant, there exists a good linear relationship between the intensity of the response current and the power of the incident light, based on which the device could be used as the photo detector to collect the light information. During the changing period of the light signal, the response time of the device is several microseconds, which is acceptable working as a photo detector in our system. The testing results show that the device has good electronic and optical properties, and the fabrication procedure is also repeatable, the properties of the devices has good uniformity, which illustrates the fabrication method and procedure could be used to build the photo detector in our wearable system. Based on a series of testing results, the paper has drawn the conclusion that the photo detector fabricated could be integrated on the flexible substrate and is also suitable for the monitoring system proposed, thus made some progress on the research of the wearable monitoring system and device. Finally, some future prospect in system design aspect and device design and fabrication aspect are proposed.

Soodakattilan vesi-höyryjärjestelmän vuodonvalvonta

Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää Kaukaan sellutehtaalle luotettava vesi-höyrypiirin vuodonvalvontajärjestelmä. Vesi-höyrypiirin vuodonvalvontajärjestelmällä pystytään ehkäisemään soodakattilassa mahdollisen putkivaurion aiheuttama sulavesiräjähdys. Työn teoreettisessa osassa käsitellään soodakattilan turvallisuutta sekätutustutaan kaupallisilla markkinoilla oleviin vuodonvalvontajärjestelmiin. Vuodonvalvontajärjestelmän kehityksessä käytetään hyväksi prosessitietoa noin vuoden ajalta sekä yhden vakavan vesi-höyrypiirin putkirikon aikaisia mittaustietoja.Työssä testataan käytännössä Kaukaan soodakattilaan rakennettu järjestelmä. Työn tuloksena Kaukaan sellutehtaan soodakattilan on rakennettu vuodonvalvontajärjestelmä, joka havaitsee vesi-höyrypiirin putkirikon aiheuttaman vuodon, määrittää sen suuruuden sekä pystyy paikantamaan vuodon sijainnin.

IoT Based Pain Management using Physiological Parameters

The continuous technology evaluation is benefiting our lives to a great extent. The evolution of Internet of things and deployment of wireless sensor networks is making it possible to have more connectivity between people and devices used extensively in our daily lives. Almost every discipline of daily life including health sector, transportation, agriculture etc. is benefiting from these technologies. There is a great potential of research and refinement of health sector as the current system is very often dependent on manual evaluations conducted by the clinicians. There is no automatic system for patient health monitoring and assessment which results to incomplete and less reliable heath information. Internet of things has a great potential to benefit health care applications by automated and remote assessment, monitoring and identification of diseases. Acute pain is the main cause of people visiting to hospitals. An automatic pain detection system based on internet of things with wireless devices can make the assessment and redemption significantly more efficient. The contribution of this research work is proposing pain assessment method based on physiological parameters. The physiological parameters chosen for this study are heart rate, electrocardiography, breathing rate and galvanic skin response. As a first step, the relation between these physiological parameters and acute pain experienced by the test persons is evaluated. The electrocardiography data collected from the test persons is analyzed to extract interbeat intervals. This evaluation clearly demonstrates specific patterns and trends in these parameters as a consequence of pain. This parametric behavior is then used to assess and identify the pain intensity by implementing machine learning algorithms. Support vector machines are used for classifying these parameters influenced by different pain intensities and classification results are achieved. The classification results with good accuracy rates between two and three levels of pain intensities shows clear indication of pain and the feasibility of this pain assessment method. An improved approach on the basis of this research work can be implemented by using both physiological parameters and electromyography data of facial muscles for classification.

Control hardware and Condition Monitoring System for Intersector Weld/Cut Robot

Työ sisältää ohjaislaitteiston vertailun ja valinnan rinnakkaisrakenteista robottia varten sekä kunnonvalvontajärjestelmän periaatteiden laadinnan kyseistä robottia varten. Ohjauslaitteisto sisältää teollisuustietokoneen sekä kenttäväylän. Sekä tietokoneesta että väylästä on teoriaosuus ja yksityiskohtaisempi valintaosuus. Teoriaosuudessa selitetään tarkemmin laitteiden toimintaperiaatteista. Valintaosuudessa kerrotaanmiksi jokin tietty laite on valittu käytettäväksi robotin ohjauksessa. Kunnonvalvontateoria ja rinnakkaisrakenteisen robotin kunnonvalvonnan keinot ovat työn toinen osa. Teoriaosa sisältää yleisluonteisen selvityksen vikaantumisesta ja valvonnasta. Erikoisrobotin kunnonvalvonnan keinot esitetään työssä tietyssä järjestyksessä. Ensin esitetään mahdolliset vikatilanteet. Toisessa kohdassa havainnollistetaan vikojen havaitseminen.

Embedding, Extraction and Detection of Digital Watermark in Spectral Images

Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan tekniikoita, joillavesileima lisätään spektrikuvaan, ja menetelmiä, joilla vesileimat tunnistetaanja havaitaan spektrikuvista. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) -algoritmia käyttäen alkuperäisten kuvien spektriulottuvuutta vähennettiin. Vesileiman lisääminen spektrikuvaan suoritettiin muunnosavaruudessa. Ehdotetun mallin mukaisesti muunnosavaruuden komponentti korvattiin vesileiman ja toisen muunnosavaruuden komponentin lineaarikombinaatiolla. Lisäyksessä käytettävää parametrijoukkoa tutkittiin. Vesileimattujen kuvien laatu mitattiin ja analysoitiin. Suositukset vesileiman lisäykseen esitettiin. Useita menetelmiä käytettiin vesileimojen tunnistamiseen ja tunnistamisen tulokset analysoitiin. Vesileimojen kyky sietää erilaisia hyökkäyksiä tarkistettiin. Diplomityössä suoritettiin joukko havaitsemis-kokeita ottamalla huomioon vesileiman lisäyksessä käytetyt parametrit. ICA (Independent Component Analysis) -menetelmää pidetään yhtenä mahdollisena vaihtoehtona vesileiman havaitsemisessa.

Muon detector link system test set-up

CERNin tutkimuskeskuksen rakenteilla olevan hadronikiihdyttimen eräs tarkoitus on todistaa Higgsin bosonin olemassaolo. Higgsin bosonin löytyminen yhtenäistäisi nykyisen hiukkasfysiikan teorian ja antaisi selityksen sille kuinka hiukkaset saavat massansa. Kiihdyttimen CMS koeasema on tarkoitettu erityisesti myonien ilmaisuun. Tämä työ liittyy CMS koeaseman RPC-ilmaisintyypin linkkijärjestelmään, jonka tarkoituksena on käsitellä ilmaisimelta tulevia myonien aiheuttamia signaaleja ja lähettää tiedot tärkeäksi katsotuista törmäystapahtumista tallennettavaksi analysointia varten. Työssä on toteutettu linkkijärjestelmän ohjaus- ja linkkikorteille testiympäristö, jolla voidaan todeta järjestelmän eri osien keskinäinen yhteensopivuus ja toimivuus. Työn alkuosassa esitellään ilmaisimen linkkijärjestelmän eri osat ja niiden merkitykset. Työn loppuosassa käydään läpi eri testimenetelmiä ja analysoidaan niiden antamia tuloksia.

Muon Detector Link System Test Setup Software

Euroopan hiukkastutkimuslaitoksen CERNin rakenteilla olevan LHC-hiukkaskiihdyttimen CMS-koeasema on tarkoitettu erityisesti myonin ilmaisuun. Tässä työssä on esitelty CMS-koeaseman RPC-ilmaisintyypin linkkijärjestelmä ja sen testaamiseen tarkoitetut laitteet sekä laitteiden testaamiseen tarvittavat ohjelmistot. Työssä on selvitetty ohjelmien toimivuus ja keskinäinen yhteensopivuus.

Design and production of protein nanostructures for biomolecular detection

Particulate nanostructures are increasingly used for analytical purposes. Such particles are often generated by chemical synthesis from non-renewable raw materials. Generation of uniform nanoscale particles is challenging and particle surfaces must be modified to make the particles biocompatible and water-soluble. Usually nanoparticles are functionalized with binding molecules (e.g., antibodies or their fragments) and a label substance (if needed). Overall, producing nanoparticles for use in bioaffinity assays is a multistep process requiring several manufacturing and purification steps. This study describes a biological method of generating functionalized protein-based nanoparticles with specific binding activity on the particle surface and label activity inside the particles. Traditional chemical bioconjugation of the particle and specific binding molecules is replaced with genetic fusion of the binding molecule gene and particle backbone gene. The entity of the particle shell and binding moieties are synthesized from generic raw materials by bacteria, and fermentation is combined with a simple purification method based on inclusion bodies. The label activity is introduced during the purification. The process results in particles that are ready-to-use as reagents in bioaffinity. Apoferritin was used as particle body and the system was demonstrated using three different binding moieties: a small protein, a peptide and a single chain Fv antibody fragment that represents a complex protein including disulfide bridge.If needed, Eu3+ was used as label substance. The results showed that production system resulted in pure protein preparations, and the particles were of homogeneous size when visualized with transmission electron microscopy. Passively introduced label was stably associated with the particles, and binding molecules genetically fused to the particle specifically bound target molecules. Functionality of the particles in bioaffinity assays were successfully demonstrated with two types of assays; as labels and in particle-enhanced agglutination assay. This biological production procedure features many advantages that make the process especially suited for applications that have frequent and recurring requirements for homogeneous functional particles. The production process of ready, functional and watersoluble particles follows principles of “green chemistry”, is upscalable, fast and cost-effective.

Fraud detection in the banking sector : a multi-agent approach

Fraud is an increasing phenomenon as shown in many surveys carried out by leading international consulting companies in the last years. Despite the evolution of electronic payments and hacking techniques there is still a strong human component in fraud schemes. Conflict of interest in particular is the main contributing factor to the success of internal fraud. In such cases anomaly detection tools are not always the best instruments, since the fraud schemes are based on faking documents in a context dominated by lack of controls, and the perpetrators are those ones who should control possible irregularities. In the banking sector audit team experts can count only on their experience, whistle blowing and the reports sent by their inspectors. The Fraud Interactive Decision Expert System (FIDES), which is the core of this research, is a multi-agent system built to support auditors in evaluating suspicious behaviours and to speed up the evaluation process in order to detect or prevent fraud schemes. The system combines Think-map, Delphi method and Attack trees and it has been built around audit team experts and their needs. The output of FIDES is an attack tree, a tree-based diagram to ”systematically categorize the different ways in which a system can be attacked”. Once the attack tree is built, auditors can choose the path they perceive as more suitable and decide whether or not to start the investigation. The system is meant for use in the future to retrieve old cases in order to match them with new ones and find similarities. The retrieving features of the system will be useful to simplify the risk management phase, since similar countermeasures adopted for past cases might be useful for present ones. Even though FIDES has been built with the banking sector in mind, it can be applied in all those organisations, like insurance companies or public organizations, where anti-fraud activity is based on a central anti-fraud unit and a reporting system.

Variable speed drive in fan system monitoring

Fan systems are responsible for approximately 10% of the electricity consumption in industrial and municipal sectors, and it has been found that there is energy-saving potential in these systems. To this end, variable speed drives (VSDs) are used to enhance the efficiency of fan systems. Usually, fan system operation is optimized based on measurements of the system, but there are seldom readily installed meters in the system that can be used for the purpose. Thus, sensorless methods are needed for the optimization of fan system operation. In this thesis, methods for the fan operating point estimation with a variable speed drive are studied and discussed. These methods can be used for the energy efficient control of the fan system without additional measurements. The operation of these methods is validated by laboratory measurements and data from an industrial fan system. In addition to their energy consumption, condition monitoring of fan systems is a key issue as fans are an integral part of various production processes. Fan system condition monitoring is usually carried out with vibration measurements, which again increase the system complexity. However, variable speed drives can already be used for pumping system condition monitoring. Therefore, it would add to the usability of a variablespeed- driven fan system if the variable speed drive could be used as a condition monitoring device. In this thesis, sensorless detection methods for three lifetime-reducing phenomena are suggested: these are detection of the fan contamination build-up, the correct rotational direction, and the fan surge. The methods use the variable speed drive monitoring and control options for the detection along with simple signal processing methods, such as power spectrum density estimates. The methods have been validated by laboratory measurements. The key finding of this doctoral thesis is that a variable speed drive can be used on its own as a monitoring and control device for the fan system energy efficiency, and it can also be used in the detection of certain lifetime-reducing phenomena.

Interfirm Information System for Supply Chain Management from the Cloud: An Exploratory Case Study from the Telecom Industry

This study examines the practice of supply chain management problems and the perceived demand information distortion’s (the bullwhip effect) reduction with the interfirm information system, which is delivered as a cloud service to a company operating in the telecommunications industry. The purpose is to shed light in practice that do the interfirm information system have impact on the performance of the supply chain and in particularly the reduction of bullwhip effect. In addition, a holistic case study of the global telecommunications company's supply chain is presented and also the challenges it’s facing, and this study also proposes some measures to improve the situation. The theoretical part consists of the supply chain and its management, as well as increasing the efficiency and introducing the theories and related previous research. In addition, study presents performance metrics for the bullwhip effect detection and tracking. The theoretical part ends in presenting cloud -based business intelligence theoretical framework used in the background of this study. The research strategy is a qualitative case study, supported by quantitative data, which is collected from a telecommunication sector company's databases. Qualitative data were gathered mainly with two open interviews and the e-mail exchange during the development project. In addition, other materials from the company were collected during the project and the company's web site information was also used as the source. The data was collected to a specific case study database in order to increase reliability. The results show that the bullwhip effect can be reduced with the interfirm information system and with the use of CPFR and S&OP models and in particularly combining them to an integrated business planning. According to this study the interfirm information system does not, however, solve all of the supply chain and their effectiveness -related problems, because also the company’s processes and human activities have a major impact.

Benefits of a low-cost one-phase current distortion detection device in appliance supply in low-voltage residential networks

In this bachelor’s thesis are examined the benefits of current distortion detection device application in customer premises low voltage networks. The purpose of this study was to find out if there are benefits for measuring current distortion in low-voltage residential networks. Concluding into who can benefit from measuring the power quality. The research focuses on benefits based on the standardization in Europe and United States of America. In this research, were also given examples of appliances in which current distortion detection device could be used. Along with possible illustration of user interface for the device. The research was conducted as an analysis of the benefits of current distortion detection device in residential low voltage networks. The research was based on literature review. The study was divided to three sections. The first explain the reasons for benefitting from usage of the device and the second portrays the low-cost device, which could detect one-phase current distortion, in theory. The last section discuss of the benefits of usage of current distortion detection device while focusing on the beneficiaries. Based on the result of this research, there are benefits from usage to the current distortion detection device. The main benefitting party of the current distortion detection device was found to be manufactures, as they are held responsible of limiting the current distortion on behalf of consumers. Manufactures could adjust equipment to respond better to the distortion by having access to on-going current distortion in network. The other benefitting party are system operators, who would better locate distortion issues in low-voltage residential network to start prevention of long-term problems caused by current distortion early on.