9 resultados para 1132

em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland


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Amsterodami 1616

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The main purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of headache in childhood and adolescence. In addition, the predictors of the change in the occurrence of childhood headache and the association between adolescent headache and behavior were studied. The occurrence and characteristics of headache were investigated as part of a prospective follow-up study, where 6-year-old children and their families (n=1132) were followed to the age of 12-years (n=1126). The study design entailed both a cohort and case-control group. The incidence of headache and the association between headache and behavior were studied in another cohort, consisting of 11-year-old twins (n=5393), who were followed to the age of 17 (n=4159). The prevalence rates of headache increased during the follow-up, especially in boys whose mothers suffered from frequent headache. The incidence rates of frequent headache changed the most in girls between ages of 11 and 14. Early-onset migraine and tension-type headache were equal predictors of migraine at age 12. The age-related changes observed in pain localization, concurrent symptoms and triggers were considerable. Headache frequency was significantly associated with externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors and adaptive behaviors as rated by parents, but only with externalizing problem behaviors as rated by teachers. Headache both in children and adolescents is characterized by its changing nature. Its prevention and treatment should take familial, environmental and psychosocial aspects into account.

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Arkit: A-B4.

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Background: Sick leave prescribing is a common task of doctors and being on sick leave results in notable economic consequences to society. However, there appears to be limited research into this field and the factors affecting sick leave prescribing practices of doctors. Aims: To examine the prescribing of sick leave by doctors and dentists, the extent of variation in practices, whether clinician-related factors and local structural factors affect variation, and the economic consequences of varying practices. Materials and methods: Questionnaire studies with 19 or 16 hypothetical patient cases were conducted among 165 primary health care (PHC) physicians, 356 occupational health care (OHC) physicians, 338 surgeons and 1132 dentists. Results: The difference between the lowest and the highest number of sick leave days prescribed for the 19 patient cases was almost four-fold in PHC physicians and surgeons and eight-fold in OHC physicians, which represents a societal cost of tens of thousands of euros. Some dentists did not prescribe sick leave to any of the 16 patient cases, and some prescribed nearly a hundred days altogether. The overall number of sick leave days OHC physicians prescribed was smaller than in PHC physicians. More days of sick leave were prescribed by those working in smaller municipalities than larger population centres. Conclusion: There was considerable variation in the sick leave prescribing practices of Finnish health care professionals. This means that patients may not receive equal social benefits. Sick leave carries considerable economic consequences, and unifying prescribing practices could bring significant cost savings to society.

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Taistelumuonaa syödään puolustusvoimissa yli 100 000 pakkausta vuodessa, mutta lähes puolet tarjotusta energiasta jää käyttämättä. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, kuinka paljon tiedusteluharjoituksissa nautitaan ja kulutetaan energiaa, kuinka suuri osa taistelumuonapakkausten energiasta käytetään ja mitkä ovat yleisimmät syyt jättää taistelumuonaa syömättä. Tutkimus toteutettiin kahdessa tiedusteluharjoituksessa, koehenkilöinä olivat Reserviupseerikoulun Sissikomppanian varusmiehet (n=101). Energiansaantia selvitettiin ruokapäiväkirjalla, joka toimi samalla asiakastyytyväisyyskyselynä. Energiankulutusta mitattiin sykevaihteluun perustuvalla menetelmällä ja kehonkoostumuksen muutoksia tarkasteltiin kehonkoostumusmittauksen avulla. Aineisto analysoitiin SPSS-ohjelmistolla. Tiedustelijoiden toimialaharjoituksessa nautitaan energiaa 3396 ± 637 kcal vuorokaudessa, ja energiankulutus on 4978 ± 1135 kcal/vrk. Tarjotusta energiasta käytetään 80 ± 15 %. Tähystystiedusteluharjoituksessa energiaa nautitaan 3178 ± 574 kcal/vrk, ja kulutetaan 4667 ± 1132 kcal/vrk. Tarjotusta energiasta käytetään 79 ± 12 %. Energiavajeen seurauksena kehon paino laskee (1.8–2.2 %), rasvamassa vähenee ja rasvaprosentti pienenee (p<0.001). Tämän tutkimuksen mukaan taistelumuona on kehittynyt positiiviseen suuntaan, mikä on johtanut tehokkaampaan ruoankäyttöön ja lisääntyneeseen energiansaantiin vanhaan taistelumuonaan verrattuna. Yleisimmät syyt jättää ravintoa käyttämättä ovat huono maku ja se, että ei ole nälkä/jano. Asiakastyytyväisyyden parantamiseksi taistelumuonapakkauksiin tulee valita hyvänmakuisia ja miedosti maustettuja pääaterioita, jotka eivät jaa voimakkaasti käyttäjien mielipiteitä. Sopiva energiamäärä taistelumuonapakkaukseen on 3400–3700 kcal, kun sitä käytetään sotaharjoituksessa, jossa energiankulutus on alle 5000 kcal/vrk. Käyttäjä on taistelumuonaan tyytyväinen silloin, kun tuotteiden maku on hyvä, ja tarjolla on sopivasti energiaa ja riittävästi nestettä.