Tavoitekustannuslaskenta asiakaslähtöisyyden edistäjänä

Tutkimuksen päätavoite on selvittää, millä keinoin yritysten käyttämää tavoitekustannuslaskentaa käytetään tukemaan asiakaslähtöisyyttä ja sitä kautta parantamaanyrityksen kannattavuutta. Tutkimuksen alussa selvitetään tavoitekustannuslaskennan käsitettä ja itse laskentaprosessia. Lisäksi käsitellään tavoitekustannuslaskennan eroavaisuuksia perinteiseen kustannuslaskentaan, yhteyksiä toisiin laskentamenetelmiin ja yrityksen strategiaan sekä tavoitekustannuslaskennan saamaa kritiikkiä. Tämän jälkeen selvitetään asiakaslähtöisyyttä käsitteenä, esitetään menetelmiä asiakaslähtöisyyden liittämiseksi tavoitekustannuslaskentaan sekä tavoitekustannuslaskennan työkaluja asiakaslähtöisten tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi. Tutkimus osoitti, että asiakaslähtöisyyttä voidaan parhaiten edistää lähinnä QFD ja VE -työkaluja hyödyntämällä, silloin kun yritys on omaksunut tuotedifferointi -strategian, koko johtoporras on määritellyt asiakaslähtöisyyden yritystä ajavaksi voimaksi, johtajat ovat riskinottokykyisiä, osastojen välillä on dynamiikkaa ja markkinaälyä osataan hyödyntää. Tavoitekustannusten asettamisella ei nähdä olevan haitallista vaikutusta tuotteiden laadulle ja se johtaa tuotteisiin, joilla on alemmat kustannukset, kunhan suunnitteluinsinöörit eivät kärsi aikapaineista.

Tehdaslogistiikka : value added logistics of the supply and demand chain costfix

VALOSADE (Value Added Logistics in Supply and Demand Chains) on Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston ja sielläprofessori Anita Lukan VALORE -tutkimusryhmän toteuttama tutkimusprojekti, jonka rahoittaja on ollut Tekes. Projekti on osa Tekesin ELO - Elektronisen liiketoiminnan logistiikka - teknologiaohjelmaa. Tutkimusta rahoittivat Tekesin lisäksi neljä yritystä, jotka toimivat myös tutkimustyön kohteina ja toimivat tarpeen mukaan yhteistyössä tutkijoiden kanssa. Yritysten toimialat ovat metsäteollisuus, laitevalmistaja, joka tarjoaa myös tuotteilleen jälkimarkkinapalveluja sekä kaksi logistiikkapalveluyritystä. Tämä työraportti liittyy VALOSADE - tutkimusprojektin osaprojektiin Costfix (Paper Mill Process - from Fixed Costs into Variable Costs). Costfix - projektin tavoitteena on tutkia ja löytää paperiteollisuudelle uusia toimintamalleja, jotka mahdollistavat kiinteiden kustannusten muuttamisen muuttuviksi. Merkittävä tutkimuksen osa-alue on myös tutkimuskohteiden liike-toiminnan nykytilan aiempaa tarkempi selvittäminen. Tämä työraportti käsittelee kunnossapidon materiaalilogistiikan osalta tehtaan sisällä tapahtuvaa toimintaa, josta tässä tutkimuksessa käytetään nimitystä tehdaslogistiikka. Nykytilaselvityksen perusteella nykyinen prosessiteollisuudessa ja myös pääsääntöisesti valmistavassa teollisuudessa yleisesti vallitseva teollisuusyrityksen käyttöinvestointia ylläpitävän palveluprosessin toimintarakenne, johtamistapa ja prosessin operatiivisten tehtävien toimenkuvat eivät tue ko. palvelukokonaisuuden tehokasta ja tuloksellista toteuttamista. Nykymuotoinen toimintamalli pikemminkin rajoittaa toimintaprosessin kokonaishallintaa ja sen tehostamiseksi investoitujen uusien teknisten ratkaisujen ja teknologian käyttöönottoa. Lisäksi yleisesti vallitseva toimintakulttuuri (mm. arvokäsitykset, uskomukset sekä toiminnan ja tavoitteiden taustalla olevat motiivit) sekä vaikeuttaa nykyisen ja tulevan kilpailutilanteen edellyttämien tehokkuus- ja tuottavuustavoitteiden toteutumista että hidastaa uudistusten onnistumista edellyttävän muutoksen etenemistä yrityksen sisällä. Tutkimuksen tulokset vahvistivat osaltaan sen, että tehdas- ja toimintokeskeinen johtaminen aiheuttavat palveluprosessin eri tehtäville asetettujen tavoitteiden ja perustehtäväkäsityksen välille ristiriitoja, joista seuraa sekä suoria että välillisiä vaikutuksia teollisuusyrityksen tuotantoprosessin toiminnan laatuun ja tuotantolaitteiden käyttövarmuuteen. Palvelukokonaisuuteen kuuluvien eri toimintaprosessien tehtävät on jaettu ristiriitaisesti toiminnoille siten, että erityisestikunnossapidon teknisten toimihenkilöitten hoidettavana on sekä ihmisen henkilökohtaisen kapasiteettirajan ylittävä että toisistaan liian suuri erilaisia osaamisia ja ymmärrystä edellyttävä tehtävämäärä. Nykytilan palvelutuotannossa esiintyvien ongelmien seuraukset ja perussyyt osoittavat, että merkittävästi pääomia sitovan valmistavan teollisuuden (mm. prosessiteollisuus) käyttö-omaisuutta ylläpitävän palveluprosessin hallinta on ulkoistettava tehdastasolta itsenäisesti hoidettavaksi liiketoimintakokonaisuudeksi, jonka operatiivinen johtaminen tapahtuu toimintaprosesseittain konsernin ylätasolta käsin. Johtamismallissa painottuu prosessijohtaminen ja oman vastuualueen toimintaprosessin asiantuntemus. Lisäksi ihmisen osaamiseen, ymmärrykseen ja toimintatapaan perustuva palvelu edellyttää johtamiselta henkilöjohtamistaitoa ja osaamisen johtamista. Liiketoiminnan uudenlainen keskittyminen, verkostoituminen ja globalisoituminen edellyttävät johdoltamyös erilaisten toimintaverkostojen ja sidosryhmien toiminnan ja tarpeen ymmärtämistä. Tutkimustulosten perusteella myös palveluprosesseissa toimivien toimihenkilöitten tehtäväkuvia on muutettava radikaalisti ja osa uusista toimenkuvista edellyttää lisäksi henkilöitten osaamistason aktiivista parantamista. Tässä raportissa esitetään toimintamalli, jossa kuvataan tutkimuksen pohjalta luotu palvelukokonaisuuden johtamismalli ja palveluprosessien eri tehtävätasot tehtävineen. Kuvattu johtamismalli on ollut jo yleisesti käytössä yksittäisillä palvelualoilla, mutta tässä esitetty malli on valmistavan yrityksen teknisiin tukipalveluihin muokattu sovellus.

The effect of oxygen delignification on fiber properties in kraft pulp production - a review

Fiber damages comprise fiber deformations, characterized as fiber curl, kink, dislocations and strength losses as well as some yet unidentified factors. This recently discovered phenomenon is especially evident in mill scale kraftpulps. Laboratory produced pulps tend to have less damages and superior strength properties compared to those produced in pulp mills. Generally fiber damages pose a problem in the production of reinforcement pulp because they tend to decrease the ability of fibers to transmit load. Previous studies on fiber damage have shown that most of the fiber damages occur during brown stock processing starting from cooking and discharging. This literature review gives an overall picture on fiber damages occurring during softwood kraft pulp production with an emphasis on the oxygen delignification stage. In addition the oxygen delignification stage itself is described in more detailed extent in order to understand the mechanisms behind the delignification and fiber damaging effect. The literature available on this subject is unfortunately quite contradictory and implicates a lotof different terms. Only a few studies have been published which help to understand the nature of fiber damages. For that reason the knowledge presented in this work is not only based on previous studies but also on research scientist and mill staff interviews.

Aspects on Process Engineering in the Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry : Thesis for the Degree of Licentiate in Science of Technology

Process development will be largely driven by the main equipment suppliers. The reason for this development is their ambition to supply complete plants or process systems instead of single pieces of equipment. The pulp and paper companies' interest lies in product development, as their main goal is to create winning brands and effective brand management. Design engineering companies will find their niche in detail engineering based on approved process solutions. Their development work will focus on increasing the efficiency of engineering work. Process design is a content-producing profession, which requires certain special characteristics: creativity, carefulness, the ability to work as a member of a design team according to time schedules and fluency in oral as well as written presentation. In the future, process engineers will increasingly need knowledge of chemistry as well as information and automation technology. Process engineering tools are developing rapidly. At the moment, these tools are good enough for static sizing and balancing, but dynamic simulation tools are not yet good enough for the complicated chemical reactions of pulp and paper chemistry. Dynamic simulation and virtual mill models are used as tools for training the operators. Computational fluid dynamics will certainlygain ground in process design.

The Influence of Process Conditions on the Deresination Efficiency in Mechanical Pulp Washing

The aim of this thesis was to produce information for the estimation of the flow balance of wood resin in mechanical pulping and to demonstrate the possibilities for improving the efficiency of deresination in practice. It was observed that chemical changes in wood resin take place only during peroxide bleaching, a significant amount of water dispersed wood resin is retained in the pulp mat during dewatering and the amount of wood resin in the solid phase of the process filtrates is very small. On the basis of this information there exist three parameters related to behaviour of wood resin that determine the flow balance in the process: 1. The liberation of wood resin to the pulp water phase 2. Theretention of water dispersed wood resin in dewatering 3. The proportion of wood resin degraded in the peroxide bleaching The effect of different factors on these parameters was evaluated with the help of laboratory studies and a literature survey. Also, information related to the values of these parameters in existing processes was obtained in mill measurements. With the help of this information, it was possible to evaluate the deresination efficiency and the effect of different factors on this efficiency in a pulping plant that produced low-freeness mechanical pulp. This evaluation showed that the wood resin content of mechanical pulp can be significantly decreased if there exists, in the process, a peroxide bleaching and subsequent washing stage. In the case of an optimal process configuration, as high as a 85 percent deresination efficiency seems to be possible with a water usage level of 8 m3/o.d.t.

Development of fibre recovery process

The fiber recovery process is an essential part of the modern paper mill. It creates the basisfor mill's internal recirculation of the most important raw materials ¿ water and fiber. It is normally also a start point for further treatment of wastewater and if it works efficiently, it offers excellent basis to minimize effluents. This dissertation offers two different approaches to the subject. Firstly a novel save-all disc filter feeding system is developed and presented. This so-called precoat method is tested both in the laboratory and full-scale conditions. In laboratory scale it beats the traditional one clearly, when low freeness pulps are used as a sweetener stock. The full-scale application needs still some development work before it can be implemented to the paper mills. Secondly, the operationenvironment of save-all disc filter is studied mostly in laboratory conditions.The focus of this study is in cases, where low-freeness pulps are used as a sweetener stock of save-all filter. The effects of CSF-value, pressure drop, suspension consistency and retention chemicals to the quantity and quality of the filtrate was studied. Also the filtration resistance of the low freeness pulps was one studied.

Choice of Optimal MembraneProcesses for Economical Treatment of Paper Machine Clear Filtrate

In this thesis membrane filtration of paper machnie clear filtrate was studied. The aim of the study was to find membrane processes which are able to produce economically water of sufficient purity from paper machine white water or its saveall clarified fractions for reuse in the paper machnie short circulation. Factors affecting membrane fouling in this application were also studied. The thesis gives an overview af experiments done on a laboratory and a pilot scale with several different membranes and membrane modules. The results were judged by the obtained flux, the fouling tendency and the permeate quality assessed with various chemical analyses. It was shown that membrane modules which used a turbulence promotor of some kind gave the highest fluexes. However, the results showed that the greater the reduction in the concentration polarisation layer caused by increased turbulence in the module, the smaller the reductions in measured substances. Out of the micro-, ultra- and nanofiltration membranes tested, only nanofiltration memebranes produced permeate whose quality was very close to that of the chemically treated raw water used as fresh water in most paper mills today and which should thus be well suited for reuse as shower water both in the wire and press section. It was also shown that a one stage nanofiltration process was more effective than processes in which micro- or ultrafiltration was used as pretreatment for nanofiltration. It was generally observed that acidic pH, high organic matter content, the presence of multivalent ions, hydrophobic membrane material and high membrane cutoff increased the fouling tendency of the membranes.

Wet Oxidation of Concentrated Wastewaters: Process Combination and Reaction Kinetic Modeling

The accumulation of aqueous pollutants is becoming a global problem. The search for suitable methods and/or combinations of water treatment processes is a task that can slow down and stop the process of water pollution. In this work, the method of wet oxidation was considered as an appropriate technique for the elimination of the impurities present in paper mill process waters. It has been shown that, when combined with traditional wastewater treatment processes, wet oxidation offers many advantages. The combination of coagulation and wet oxidation offers a new opportunity for the improvement of the quality of wastewater designated for discharge or recycling. First of all, the utilization of coagulated sludge via wet oxidation provides a conditioning process for the sludge, i.e. dewatering, which is rather difficult to carry out with untreated waste. Secondly, Fe2(SO4)3, which is employed earlier as a coagulant, transforms the conventional wet oxidation process into a catalytic one. The use of coagulation as the post-treatment for wet oxidation can offer the possibility of the brown hue that usually accompanies the partial oxidation to be reduced. As a result, the supernatant is less colored and also contains a rather low amount of Fe ions to beconsidered for recycling inside mills. The thickened part that consists of metal ions is then recycled back to the wet oxidation system. It was also observed that wet oxidation is favorable for the degradation of pitch substances (LWEs) and lignin that are present in the process waters of paper mills. Rather low operating temperatures are needed for wet oxidation in order to destruct LWEs. The oxidation in the alkaline media provides not only the faster elimination of pitch and lignin but also significantly improves the biodegradable characteristics of wastewater that contains lignin and pitch substances. During the course of the kinetic studies, a model, which can predict the enhancements of the biodegradability of wastewater, was elaborated. The model includes lumped concentrations suchas the chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand and reflects a generalized reaction network of oxidative transformations. Later developments incorporated a new lump, the immediately available biochemical oxygen demand, which increased the fidelity of the predictions made by the model. Since changes in biodegradability occur simultaneously with the destruction of LWEs, an attempt was made to combine these two facts for modeling purposes.

Fouling, prevention of fouling, and clearing in filtration

In this thesis fouling of conventional filter fabrics and membranes was studied. In the beginning of the thesis fouling and how it can be measured and predicted is reviewed. Information on different methods on how fouling canbe decreased or cleaned away is also given. The experimental part is divided into two sections; fabric filtration and membrane filtration. Fouling of the filter fabrics was studied with silica or cupper slurries and fouling of the membranes was studied with pulp and paper mill waters. The fouled filter materials were characterised according to many different methods. The most useful way to observe fouling is to measure the changes in the permeate flux. Fouling can also be seen visually e.g. with scanning electron microscopy. Consequently, also the reason for the fouling in question might be found. Different filtration characteristics affect fouling e.g. as the filtration pressure was increased it did not have much influence on the permeate flux, but the pressure caused the membrane to get fouled faster. Also, an increase of shear rate on the membrane surface decreased fouling. Different pretreatment methods for the effluent were tested in membrane filtration to decrease fouling. The tested methods; biological treatment, ozonation, enzymatic treatment and flocculation, did not have a clear influence on the fouling of the membrane, but e.g. a biological treatment combined with ultrafiltration made the tested groundwood mill circulation water purer than ultrafiltration alone.

Development of a Ceramic Membrane Filtration Equipment and Its Applicability for Different Wastewaters

In this thesis the membrane filtration equipment for plate type ceramic membranes was developed based on filtration results achieved with different kinds of wastewaters. The experiments were mainly made with pulp and board mill wastewaters, but some experiments were also made with a bore well water and a stone cutting mine wastewater. The ceramicmembranes used were alpha-alumina membranes with a pore size of 100 nm. Some ofthe membranes were coated with a gamma-alumina layer to reduce the membrane pore size to 10 nm, and some of them were modified with different metal oxides in order to change the surface properties of the membranes. The effects of operationparameters, such as cross-flow velocity, filtration pressure and backflushing on filtration performance were studied. The measured parameters were the permeateflux, the quality of the permeate, as well as the fouling tendency of the membrane. A dynamic membrane or a cake layer forming on top of the membrane was observed to decrease the flux and increase separa-tion of certain substances, especially at low cross-flow velocities. When the cross-flow velocities were increased the membrane properties became more important. Backflushing could also be used to decrease the thickness of the cake layer and thus it improved the permeate flux. However, backflushing can lead to a reduction of retentions in cases where the cake layer is improving them. The wastewater quality was important for the thickness of the dynamic membrane and the membrane pore size influenced the permeate flux. In general, the optimization of operation conditions is very important for the successful operation of a membrane filtration system. The filtration equipment with a reasonable range of operational conditions is necessary, especiallywhen different kinds of wastewaters are treated. This should be taken into account already in the development stage of a filtration equipment.

Fabrication and characterization of silicon position sensitive particle detectors

Position sensitive particle detectors are needed in high energy physics research. This thesis describes the development of fabrication processes and characterization techniques of silicon microstrip detectors used in the work for searching elementary particles in the European center for nuclear research, CERN. The detectors give an electrical signal along the particles trajectory after a collision in the particle accelerator. The trajectories give information about the nature of the particle in the struggle to reveal the structure of the matter and the universe. Detectors made of semiconductors have a better position resolution than conventional wire chamber detectors. Silicon semiconductor is overwhelmingly used as a detector material because of its cheapness and standard usage in integrated circuit industry. After a short spread sheet analysis of the basic building block of radiation detectors, the pn junction, the operation of a silicon radiation detector is discussed in general. The microstrip detector is then introduced and the detailed structure of a double-sided ac-coupled strip detector revealed. The fabrication aspects of strip detectors are discussedstarting from the process development and general principles ending up to the description of the double-sided ac-coupled strip detector process. Recombination and generation lifetime measurements in radiation detectors are discussed shortly. The results of electrical tests, ie. measuring the leakage currents and bias resistors, are displayed. The beam test setups and the results, the signal to noise ratio and the position accuracy, are then described. It was found out in earlier research that a heavy irradiation changes the properties of radiation detectors dramatically. A scanning electron microscope method was developed to measure the electric potential and field inside irradiated detectorsto see how a high radiation fluence changes them. The method and the most important results are discussed shortly.

Development of advanced silicon radiation detectors for harsh radiation environment

This thesis describes the development of advanced silicon radiation detectors and their characterization by simulations, used in the work for searching elementary particles in the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN. Silicon particle detectors will face extremely harsh radiation in the proposed upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, the future high-energy physics experiment Super-LHC. The increase in the maximal fluence and the beam luminosity up to 1016 neq / cm2 and 1035 cm-2s-1 will require detectors with a dramatic improvement in radiation hardness, when such a fluence will be far beyond the operational limits of the present silicon detectors. The main goals of detector development concentrate on minimizing the radiation degradation. This study contributes mainly to the device engineering technology for developing more radiation hard particle detectors with better characteristics. Also the defect engineering technology is discussed. In the nearest region of the beam in Super-LHC, the only detector choice is 3D detectors, or alternatively replacing other types of detectors every two years. The interest in the 3D silicon detectors is continuously growing because of their many advantages as compared to conventional planar detectors: the devices can be fully depleted at low bias voltages, the speed of the charge collection is high, and the collection distances are about one order of magnitude less than those of planar technology strip and pixel detectors with electrodes limited to the detector surface. Also the 3D detectors exhibit high radiation tolerance, and thus the ability of the silicon detectors to operate after irradiation is increased. Two parameters, full depletion voltage and electric field distribution, is discussed in more detail in this study. The full depletion of the detector is important because the only depleted area in the detector is active for the particle tracking. Similarly, the high electric field in the detector makes the detector volume sensitive, while low-field areas are non-sensitive to particles. This study shows the simulation results of full depletion voltage and the electric field distribution for the various types of 3D detectors. First, the 3D detector with the n-type substrate and partial-penetrating p-type electrodes are researched. A detector of this type has a low electric field on the pixel side and it suffers from type inversion. Next, the substrate is changed to p-type and the detectors having electrodes with one doping type and the dual doping type are examined. The electric field profile in a dual-column 3D Si detector is more uniform than that in the single-type column 3D detector. The dual-column detectors are the best in radiation hardness because of their low depletion voltages and short drift distances.

Anaerobic treatment of deinking pulp plant effluents

Anaerobic treatment as a first biological stage in wastewater treatment is nowadays a well-established technology in recycled paper processing mills using closed water circuits. Today further developed high-rate processes and especially high-tower reactors are also able to handle lower organic loads and become therefore feasible for deinking pulp plant effluents. The interest in the anaerobic method is based on a positive energy balance in form of biogas production and low biomass yield from the process. The anaerobic treatment method was researched and its suitability for the deinking pulp plant effluents was tested experimentally at Stora Enso Maxau mill. In the theory, the deinking pulp process is introduced and the effluents from the deinking process are characterized. The anaerobic treatment is brought up in depth in terms of its use for the deinking effluents, and different kind of reactor types are presented. In addition, other wastewater treatment methods are shortly introduced with the focus on tertiary treatment. Static biodegradability tests were carried out for the wastewaters both anaerobically and aerobically. Based on the results, the deinking effluents can be degraded anaerobically, and inhibition to the methanogenic bacteria was not noticed. In the aerobic static test a good performance of the existing wastewater treatment plant at Maxau mill was proved. Later on pilot trials with sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment were carried out for the deinking effluents. The anaerobic reactor used was a so called internal circulation reactor. The results confirmed that the combination of the anaerobic treatment and the aerobic activated sludge process is a suitable method for deinking wastewaters with a COD reduction as good as with a two stage aerobic method. When combined with the outstanding quality of the produced biogas and the cost savings acquired from the lower sludge production, the anaerobic treatment was found to be an especially favorable treatment method.

Metsäteollisuuden lietteiden bioterminen kuivaus

Työssä tarkastellaan kompostointiin perustuvaa biotermistä kuivausprosessia, prosessiin vaikuttavia tekijöitä sekä sen soveltuvuutta metsäteollisuuden mekaanisesti kuivatun jätevesilietteen lisäkuivaukseen polttoa varten. Tutkimukseen kuuluvien paperitehtaiden lietteillä suoritettavien biotermisten kuivauskokeiden avulla tutkitaan tehtaiden lietteiden sopivuutta biotermiseen kuivaukseen. Lisäksi tehtaille suunnitellaan kuivauskokeiden ja paperitehtailla tehtävien selvitysten perusteella bioterminen kuivauslaitos. Suomen metsäteollisuus tuottaa nykyisin noin 400 000 – 500 000 kuiva-ainetonnia jätevedenpuhdistamolietteitä vuosittain. Tutkimukseen kuuluvan kahden tehdasintegraatin biologisilla puhdistamoilla syntyvien jätevesilietteiden määrät ovat keskimäärin 33 000 ja 15 000 kuiva-ainetonnia vuodessa. Ongelmana metsäteollisuudessa on jätevesilietteen alhainen kuiva-ainepitoisuus lietteen mekaanisen kuivauksen jälkeen. Tämä vaikeuttaa lietteen polttamista voimalaitoskattilassa ja lietteen poltosta talteen saatavan energian määrä jää vähäiseksi. Mekaanisesti kuivatun sekalietteen käsittely biotermisesti kuivaamalla mahdollistaa lietteen kuiva-ainepitoisuuden nostamisen yli 55 %:in kuiva-ainepitoisuuteen. Tämä helpottaa lietteen polton ongelmia ja kasvattaa lietteen poltosta talteen saatavan energian määrää. Bioterminen kuivaus soveltuu hyvin tutkimukseen kuuluvien tehtaiden sekalietteen kuivaukseen. Suositeltava sekalietteen lähtökuiva-ainepitoisuuden arvo on välillä 30 – 35 % ja tukiaineeksi lisättävän kuoren määrä noin 0,5 m3 yhtä lietekuutiota kohden. Kuivausprosessin kesto on tällöin 10 – 14 vuorokautta, kun haluttu lietepolttoaineen kuiva-ainepitoisuus on vähintään 55 %. Tehtaille suunnitelluissa laitoksissa käsiteltävä lietemäärä on noin 40 000 märkätonnia vuodessa. Tutkimukseen kuuluvalle paperitehtaalle yhdistetyn lietteenkuivausprosessin kustannukset ovat edullisimmat kun liete kuivataan ennen biotermistä kuivausta mekaanisesti 35 %:in kuiva-ainepitoisuuteen. Tällöin lietteenkäsittelyn hinnaksi tulee noin 150 mk/t.

Tuotannonsuunnittelun ja sisäisen varastologistiikan kehittäminen tuottavuuden kannalta

Diplomityön tavoitteena on kehittää erään metsäteollisuusyrityksen tuotannon-suunnittelua ja sisäistä varastologistiikkaa tuottavuuden parantamiseksi. Työssä keskitytään välituotteista johtuvaan problematiikkaan. Ongelmana ovat suuret välituotevarastot ja toimintamalleissa sekä pelisäännöissä olevat puutteet. Työn päätavoitteena on uuden toimintamallin kehittäminen tuotannon- ja materiaalinohjaukseen. Työn teoriaosassa esitellään lyhyesti tuotannon- ja materiaalinohjausta sekä tuottavuutta. Työn empiirisessä osassa analysoidaan jatkojalostuksen tuotantoja sekä välituotevarastoja. Työssä selvitetään eri välituotteiden määrät ja varaston kiertonopeudet raaka-ainerullille. Analyysien perusteella kehitettiin uusi toimintamalli tuotannon- ja materiaalinohjaukseen. Työssä ehdotettiin myös varastoinvestointia ja jälkirullauskapasiteetin lisäystä, jotta optimaalinen toiminta olisi tulevaisuudessa mahdollista. Diplomityön seurauksena aloitetaan projekti, jonka tavoitteena on parantaa tehtaan sisäistä tehokkuutta. Vaikutukset näkyvät monissa toiminnoissa, kuten varastoissa, tuotannossa sekä myynnissä. Parannusehdotuksilla voidaan saavuttaa vuosittain muutaman miljoonan euron säästöt. Projektin yksi tärkeä tekijä on selvittää, kuinka toimintaidea olisi hyödynnettävissä yrityksen muissa tehtaissa.