Pasvik Water Quality until 2013 ; Environmental Monitoring Programme in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian Border Area

The Pasvik monitoring programme was created in 2006 as a result of the trilateral cooperation and with the intention of following changes in the environment under variable pollution levels. Water quality is one of the basic elements of the programme when assessing the effects of the emissions from the Pechenganikel mining end metallurgical industry (Kola GMK). In this report temporal trends of the water chemistry during 2000–2013 are examined on the basis of the data gathered from lake Inari, River Pasvik and directly connected lakes, Lake Kuetsjarvi and 25 small lakes in three areas: Pechenganikel (Russia), Jarfjord (Norway) and Vätsäri (Finland). The lower parts of the Pasvik watercourse are impacted by both atmospheric pollution and direct wastewater discharge from the Pechenganikel smelter and the settlement of Nikel. The upper section of the watercourse and the small lakes and streams which are not directly linked to the Pasvik Watercourse only receive atmospheric pollution. Lake Inari is free of direct emissions from the Pechenganikel and the water quality is excellent. In River Pasvik and the directly connected lakes copper, nickel, and sulphates are the main pollutants. The most polluted water body is the Kolosjoki River as well as the stream connecting the Lakes Salmijarvi and Kuetsjarvi. The concentration of metals and sulphates in the water notably increases downstream the river lower Lake Kuetsjarvi. In Lake Kuetsjarvi copper and nickel concentrations are clearly elevated and have changed insignificantly in the last years of the research period. In the small border area lakes recovery from acidification in Vätsäri and Jarfjord is evident. Nickel and copper oncentrations have fluctuated but remained on clearly elevated level in Jarfjord and Pechenga. Copper concentrations have been slightly rising in the recent years. In Pechenga area nickel concentrations during the last four monitoring years are decreasing in some places but the regional trend through whole time series is still positive.

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of NI Particles Deposited on Porous Silicon

In this thesis properties and influence of modification techniques of porous silicon were studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). This device permits to visualize the surface topography and to study properties of the samples on atomic scale, which was necessary for recent investigation. Samples of porous silicon were obtained by electrochemical etching. Nickel particles were deposited by two methods: electrochemical deposition and extracting from NiCl2 ethanol solution. Sample growth was conducted in Saint-Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, LETI. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) were utilized for detailed information about surface properties of the samples. Measurements showed the difference in morphology correlating with initial growth conditions. Submicron size particles were clearly visible on surfaces of the treated samples. Although their nature was not clarified due to limitations of AFM technique. It is expected that surfaces were covered by nanometer scale Ni particles, which can be verified by implication of RAMAN device.

New methods for controlling twin configurations and characterizing twin boundaries in 5M Ni-Mn-Ga for the development of applications

Traditional methods for studying the magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys Ni-Mn-Ga include subjecting the entire sample to a uniform magnetic field or completely actuating the sample mechanically. These methods have produced significant results in characterizing the MSM effect, the properties of Ni-Mn-Ga and have pioneered the development of applications from this material. Twin boundaries and their configuration within a Ni-Mn-Ga sample are a key component in the magnetic shape memory effect. Applications that are developed require an understanding of twin boundary characteristics and, more importantly, the ability to predictably control them. Twins have such a critical role that the twinning stress of a Ni-Mn-Ga crystal is the defining characteristic that indicates its quality and significant research has been conducted to minimize this property. This dissertation reports a decrease in the twinning stress, predictably controlling the twin configuration and characterizing the dynamics of twin boundaries. A reduction of the twinning stress is demonstrated by the discovery of Type II twins within Ni-Mn-Ga which have as little as 10% of the twinning stress of traditional Type I twins. Furthermore, new methods of actuating a Ni-Mn-Ga element using localized unidirectional or bidirectional magnetic fields were developed that can predictably control the twin configuration in a localized area of a Ni-Mn-Ga element. This method of controlling the local twin configuration was used in the characterization of twin boundary dynamics. Using a localized magnetic pulse, the velocity and acceleration of a single twin boundary were measured to be 82.5 m/s and 2.9 × 107 m/s2, and the time needed for the twin boundary to nucleate and begin moving was less than 2.8 μs. Using a bidirectional magnetic field from a diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnet, a highly reproducible and controllable local twin configuration was created in a Ni-Mn-Ga element which is the fundamental pumping mechanism in the MSM micropump that has been co-invented and extensively characterized by the author.

Dissertatio academica Davidem regem hypnopsychitis non favere, demonstrans, contra Heinium ex occasione psalm. VI. Quam, consentiente ampliss. facult. philosoph. in regio ad Auram lycaeo, suffultus praesidio viri maxime reverendi atque celeberrimi d:ni Isaaci Ross, s. s. l. l. profess. reg. & ord. fac. phil. h. t. decani maxime spectabilis pro consequendis honoribus academicis publico examini modeste submittit Arvid Favorin, Nic. fil. Satacundensis, in aud. majori die XXII. Decembr. anni MDCCLIX. h. a. m. s

Invokaatio: J.M.G.

VANHEMPIEN JA KEHITYSVAMMAISEN LAPSEN ÄÄNI KUNTOUTUSSUUNNITELMA JA HOJKS SISÄLLÖNANALYYSISSÄ

Tutkimuksemme päätarkoituksena on ollut tutkia perheen osallisuutta kehitysvammaisen lapsen kuntoutuksen suunnitteluun kuntoutussuunnitelman ja henkilökohtaisen opetuksen järjestämistä koskevan suunnitelman eli HOJKS:n pohjalta. Vertailimme myös HOJKS:n ja kuntoutussuunnitelman yhtäläisyyksiä ja eroavaisuuksia. Opinnäytetyö osallistuu Varsinais-Suomen erityishuoltopiirin, Kansaneläkelaitoksen, Turun yliopistollisen keskussairaalan ja Turun yliopiston yhteiseen KeLaKuVa -tutkimushankkeeseen. Aineistomme koostuu 25 kuntoutussuunnitelmasta ja 16 HOJKS:sta sekä yhdestä varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmasta. Suunnitelmia tutkittiin sisällönanalyysin avulla aineistolähtöisesti ja myöhemmässä vaiheessa teoriaohjaavasti. Perheen ääni vaikuttaa kuuluvan hyvin kuntoutusprosessin suunnitteluvaiheessa käytössämme olleen aineiston perusteella. Lapsen kuntoutukselle asetetut tavoitteet ovat yhteneväiset kuntoutussuunnitelman ja HOJKS:n välillä, mikä on lapsen edun mukaista. Toisaalta suunnitelmien välillä on myös eroja painotuksissa: HOJKS:ssa korostuvat akateemiset taidot ja kuntoutussuunnitelmassa terapiat. Tämä puoltaa tarvetta molemmille suunnitelmille.