Replacing traditional ERP with EAI - the next generation’s ERP

Organizations often consider investing in a new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system as a way to enhance their business processes, as it allows integrating information used by multiple different departments into a harmonized computing system. The hope of gaining significant business benefits, such as reducing operating costs, is the key reason why organizations have decided to invest in ERP systems since 1990’s. Still, all ERP projects do not end up in success, and deployment of ERP system does not necessarily guarantee the results people were waiting for. This research studies why organizations invest in ERP, but also what downsides ERP projects currently have. Additionally Enterprise Application Integrations (EAI) as next generation’s ERP solutions are studied to challenge and develop traditional ERP. The research questions are: What are the weaknesses in traditional ERP deployment in today’s business? How does the proposed next generation’s ERP answer to these weaknesses? At the beginning of the thesis, as an answer to the first research question, the basics of ERP implementation are introduced with both the pros and cons of investing in ERP. Key concepts such as IS integration and EAI are also studied. Empirical section of the thesis focuses on answering the second research question from the integration approach. A qualitative research is executed by interviewing five experienced IT professionals about EAI benefits, limitations, and problems. The thematic interview and questionnaire follow the presented ERP main elements from literature. The research shows that adopting traditional ERP includes multiple downsides, e.g. inflexibility and requiring big investments in terms of money. To avoid these critical issues, organizations could find a solution from integrations between their current IS. Based on the empirical study a new framework for the next generation’s ERP is created, consisting of a model and a framework that deal with various features regarding IS adoption. With this framework organizations can assess whether they should implement EAI or ERP. The model and framework suggest that there are multiple factors IT managers needs to consider when planning their IT investments, including their current IS, role of IT in the organization, as well as new system’s flexibility, investment level, and number of vendors. The framework created in the thesis encourages IT management to assess holistically their i) organization, ii) its IT, and iii) solution requirements in order to determine what kind of IS solution would suit their needs the best.

Model of Big Data Failure: Review of Information System Failure

In the new age of information technology, big data has grown to be the prominent phenomena. As information technology evolves, organizations have begun to adopt big data and apply it as a tool throughout their decision-making processes. Research on big data has grown in the past years however mainly from a technical stance and there is a void in business related cases. This thesis fills the gap in the research by addressing big data challenges and failure cases. The Technology-Organization-Environment framework was applied to carry out a literature review on trends in Business Intelligence and Knowledge management information system failures. A review of extant literature was carried out using a collection of leading information system journals. Academic papers and articles on big data, Business Intelligence, Decision Support Systems, and Knowledge Management systems were studied from both failure and success aspects in order to build a model for big data failure. I continue and delineate the contribution of the Information System failure literature as it is the principal dynamics behind technology-organization-environment framework. The gathered literature was then categorised and a failure model was developed from the identified critical failure points. The failure constructs were further categorized, defined, and tabulated into a contextual diagram. The developed model and table were designed to act as comprehensive starting point and as general guidance for academics, CIOs or other system stakeholders to facilitate decision-making in big data adoption process by measuring the effect of technological, organizational, and environmental variables with perceived benefits, dissatisfaction and discontinued use.

Replacing traditional ERP with EAI - the next generation’s ERP

Organizations often consider investing in a new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system as a way to enhance their business processes, as it allows integrating information used by multiple different departments into a harmonized computing system. The hope of gaining significant business benefits, such as reducing operating costs, is the key reason why organizations have decided to invest in ERP systems since 1990’s. Still, all ERP projects do not end up in success, and deployment of ERP system does not necessarily guarantee the results people were waiting for. This research studies why organizations invest in ERP, but also what downsides ERP projects currently have. Additionally Enterprise Application Integrations (EAI) as next generation’s ERP solutions are studied to challenge and develop traditional ERP. The research questions are: What are the weaknesses in traditional ERP deployment in today’s business? How does the proposed next generation’s ERP answer to these weaknesses? At the beginning of the thesis, as an answer to the first research question, the basics of ERP implementation are introduced with both the pros and cons of investing in ERP. Key concepts such as IS integration and EAI are also studied. Empirical section of the thesis focuses on answering the second research question from the integration approach. A qualitative research is executed by interviewing five experienced IT professionals about EAI benefits, limitations, and problems. The thematic interview and questionnaire follow the presented ERP main elements from literature. The research shows that adopting traditional ERP includes multiple downsides, e.g. inflexibility and requiring big investments in terms of money. To avoid these critical issues, organizations could find a solution from integrations between their current IS. Based on the empirical study a new framework for the next generation’s ERP is created, consisting of a model and a framework that deal with various features regarding IS adoption. With this framework organizations can assess whether they should implement EAI or ERP. The model and framework suggest that there are multiple factors IT managers needs to consider when planning their IT investments, including their current IS, role of IT in the organization, as well as new system’s flexibility, investment level, and number of vendors. The framework created in the thesis encourages IT management to assess holistically their i) organization, ii) its IT, and iii) solution requirements in order to determine what kind of IS solution would suit their needs the best.

Possibilities and challenges in utilization of information provided by Industrial Internet applications

Global digitalization has affected also industrial sector. A trend called Industrial Internet has been present for some years and established relatively steady position in businesses. Industrial Internet is also referred with the terminology Industry 4.0 and in consumer businesses IoT (Internet of Things). Eventually, trend consists of many traditionally proven technologies and concepts, such as condition monitoring, remote services, predictive maintenance and Internet customer portals. All these technologies and information related to them are estimated to change the rules of business in industrial sector. This may result even a new industrial revolution. This research has its focus on Industrial Internet products, services and applications. The study analyses four case companies and their digital service offerings. According to this analysis the comparison of these services is done to find out if there is still space for companies to gain competitive advantage through differentiation with these state of the art solutions. One of the case companies, Case Company Ltd., is working as a primary case company and a subscriber of this particular research. The research and results are analyzed primarily from this company’s perspective and need. In empirical part, the research clarifies how Case Company Ltd. has allocated its development resources through last five years. These allocations in certain categories are then compared to other case companies’ current customer offering and conclusions are made how the approach of different companies differ from each other. Existing theoretical knowledge of Industrial Internet is about to find its shape. In this research we take a look how the case company analysis and findings correlate with the existing knowledge and literature of the topic.

Big datan hyödyntäminen kestävässä liiketoiminnassa

Kestävää kehitystä on tutkittu jo vuosikymmeniä, kun taas kaikkia big datan mahdollisuuksia ei tunneta. Kestävää kehitystä ja big dataa ei ole vielä tutkittu yhdessä laajemmin, mutta voidaan jo todeta, että näiden kahden tekijän välillä on yhteyksiä. Työ käsittelee big datan hyödyntämistä ja sen tarjoamien mahdollisuuksien vaikutuksia kestävässä liiketoiminnassa. Työn alussa määritellään big data ja kestävän kehityksen osa-alueet, joiden pohjalta tutkimusosuudessa syvennytään tarkastelemaan big datan hyötyjä ja sen soveltamisen keinoja kestävän liiketoiminnan tukena. Työn tavoitteena on selvittää, kuinka big dataa voi hyödyntää yrityksen kestävän liiketoiminnan eri osa-alueilla. Työssä kestävä liiketoiminta on jaettu liiketoiminnan johtamiseen ja käytännön operatiiviseen toimintaan. Liiketoiminnan johtaminen sisältää yrityksen strategian sekä innovaatiotoiminnan. Kestävän liiketoiminnan operatiivisissa toiminnoissa keskitytään valmistukseen, tuotteen elinkaaren hallintaan, toimitusketjun hallintaan sekä tiedonhallintaan. Työ tarjoaa keinoja ja ratkaisuja, joilla yritys voi kehittää kestävää liiketoimintaansa. Tutkimusosuuden pohjalta voidaan todeta, että big datasta ja sen harkitusta hyödyntämisestä on hyötyä kestävässä liiketoiminnassa.

Make it big or die – Yritysidentiteetin johtaminen startup-yrityksessä

Startup-yritykset ovat olleet esillä viimeaikaisessa tutkimus- ja liiketoimintakirjallisuudessa sekä niiden taloudellisen potentiaalin että uudenlaisen yrityskulttuurinsa vuoksi. Niistä on povattu uudenlaisen 2000-luvun liiketoiminnan luojaa ja niiden yrityskulttuuri on pitkälti vastakohta byrokraattisille ja jäykille yrityskulttuureille. Startup-yrityksen toiminnan tutkiminen voi tarjota mielenkiintoista uutta näkökulmaa siitä, miten uudenlaisella johtamisella ja yrityskulttuurilla luodaan menestyviä yrityksiä. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee startup-yrityksen toimintaa identiteetin johtamisen kautta. Case-yrityksenä on suomalainen teknologia-alan startup-yritys, jota voidaan pitää menestyneenä, sillä se on viisivuotisen toimintansa aikana kasvanut paljon sekä henkilöstömäärällisesti että liikevaihdollisesti. Tutkimuksen kirjallisuuskatsauksessa tutustutaan yritysidentiteettiin ensin ilmiönä, jonka jälkeen tarkastellaan yritysidentiteetin johtamisen teoriaa. Tutkimuksen päätutkimuskysymys on: Millä keinoilla perustajat johtavat yritysidentiteettiä, ja alatutkimuskysymykset ovat: Mistä osa-alueista yrityksen identiteetti koostuu perustajien näkökulmasta ja Miten startup-kulttuuri näkyy yrityksen identiteetissä. Tutkimuksen aineistonkeruumetodina on teemahaastattelu ja haastateltaviksi valittiin yrityksen perustajat, sillä heillä on varsinkin yrityksen alkuvaiheessa iso vaikutus yrityksen identiteettiin. Aineiston analyysimenetelmä on teemoittelu. Tutkimusaineiston perusteella voidaan todeta, että startup-kulttuurilla on iso vaikutus case-yrityksen perustajien keinoihin johtaa yrityksen identiteettiä. Startup-kulttuuri merkitsee heille ennen kaikkea vastakkainasettelua isojen byrokraattisten yritysten kanssa, ja heidän tavoitteena on luoda yritykselleen sellainen identiteetti, jonka keskiössä on matala hierarkia, avoimuus ja rentous. Haastatteluaineiston perusteella he kokevat yrityksen tärkeimpien identiteetin osa-alueiden olevan yrityskulttuuriin sopivat työntekijät, avoimuus ja viihtyisä toimisto. He johtavat yritysidentiteettiä ennen kaikkea omalla esimerkillään, ja kokevat sen olevan startup-yrityksen perustajan tärkein tehtävä. Perustajat eivät koe arvojen tai vision kirjaamista ylös tärkeänä, sillä he näkevät esimerkillä johtamisen olevan paras keino merkitysten viestimiseen työntekijöille. Kysymykseksi jää, miten perustajien nykyiset johtamiskeinot toimivat yrityksen kasvaessa, sillä henkilöstömäärän kasvaessa omalla esimerkillä johtaminen muuttuu vaikeammaksi