Nouvelle carte générale et détaillée de l'Europe offrant le tableau actuel, géographique, politique et commercial de tous ses états, leurs limites respectives, les fleuves, les rivières, les grandes chaînes des montaignes et les principales routes, les divisions et subdivisions de cette partie du monde, depuis le traité de Tilsit : dressées d'après les cartes particulières françaises et étrangères les plus détaillées, les plus nouvelles, les éstimées, avec des changements, des restificatios, et les positions assujéties aux observations astronomiques les plus récentes, déterminées par les académiciens et autres savants

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

The Role of Video Based Content Marketing as a Part of Modern Marketing Communications

The thesis studies the role of video based content marketing as a part of modern marketing communications.

Numerical Studies of Dark Energy Models and Observations

The cosmological standard view is based on the assumptions of homogeneity, isotropy and general relativistic gravitational interaction. These alone are not sufficient for describing the current cosmological observations of accelerated expansion of space. Although general relativity is extremely accurately tested to describe the local gravitational phenomena, there is a strong demand for modifying either the energy content of the universe or the gravitational interaction itself to account for the accelerated expansion. By adding a non-luminous matter component and a constant energy component with negative pressure, the observations can be explained with general relativity. Gravitation, cosmological models and their observational phenomenology are discussed in this thesis. Several classes of dark energy models that are motivated by theories outside the standard formulation of physics were studied with emphasis on the observational interpretation. All the cosmological models that seek to explain the cosmological observations, must also conform to the local phenomena. This poses stringent conditions for the physically viable cosmological models. Predictions from a supergravity quintessence model was compared to Supernova 1a data and several metric gravity models were studied with local experimental results. Polytropic stellar configurations of solar, white dwarf and neutron stars were numerically studied with modified gravity models. The main interest was to study the spacetime around the stars. The results shed light on the viability of the studied cosmological models.

Fenomenologinen tutkimus video-EEG potilaiden kohtauskokemuksista

Tässä fenomenologisessa tutkimuksessa kuvaillaan Video-EEG –tutkimukseen (VEEG) tulevien potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan. Tutkimusasetelmana on käytetty fenomenologiseen psykologiaan kuuluvaa Giorgin menetelmää soveltaen sitä hoitotieteen tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvailla neurologisten kohtausoireiden vuoksi VEEG-tutkimukseen tulleiden potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan ja tunnistaa sekä kuvailla kokemukseen liittyviä tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisäta terveydenhoitohenkilökunnan ymmärrystä neurologisia kohtausoireita saavien ihmisten ohjaustarpeista. Materiaali kerättiin kahdeksalta potilaalta avoimilla haastatteluilla ja analysoitiin Giorgin analyysimenetelmällä. Aineistoon yhdistettiin kliinisen neurofysiologin lausunto ja muodostettiin kokemuskertomukset. Aineistosta tunnistettiin fenomenologista reduktiota käyttäen keskeiset kohtauksiin ja sairauteen liittyvät kokemukset. Käsitteiden suhdetta toisiinsa ja merkitystä sopeutumiselle analysoitiin käyttäen apuna Uncertainty in illness -mallia. Keskeisten kokemusten pohjalta toteutettiin kirjallisuushaku, jonka tuloksia reflektoitiin tämän tutkimuksen tuloksiin. Aineistosta muodostui kolme erillistä kokemuskertomusta: kertomus konkreettisista tapahtumista, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä ja kokemus sairauden kanssa elämisesta. Keskeisiksi kokemussisällöiksi tunnistettiin kokemus terveysongelman hallinnasta, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä, kokemus ympäristön negatiivisesta suhtautumisesta ja huoli läheisistä. Aikaisempaa tutkimusta löytyi kokemuksista terveysongelman hallinnasta ja hallinnan menetyksestä sekä ympäristön suhtautumisesta.

Fenomenologinen tutkimus video-EEG potilaiden kohtauskokemuksista

Tässä fenomenologisessa tutkimuksessa kuvaillaan Video-EEG –tutkimukseen (VEEG) tulevien potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan. Tutkimusasetelmana on käytetty fenomenologiseen psykologiaan kuuluvaa Giorgin menetelmää soveltaen sitä hoitotieteen tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvailla neurologisten kohtausoireiden vuoksi VEEGtutkimukseen tulleiden potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan ja tunnistaa sekä kuvailla kokemukseen liittyviä tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisätä terveydenhoitohenkilökunnan ymmärrystä neurologisia kohtausoireita saavien ihmisten ohjaustarpeista. Materiaali kerättiin kahdeksalta potilaalta avoimilla haastatteluilla ja analysoitiin Giorgin analyysimenetelmällä. Aineistoon yhdistettiin kliinisen neurofysiologin lausunto ja muodostettiin kokemuskertomukset. Aineistosta tunnistettiin fenomenologista reduktiota käyttäen keskeiset kohtauksiin ja sairauteen liittyvät kokemukset. Käsitteiden suhdetta toisiinsa ja merkitystä sopeutumiselle analysoitiin käyttäen apuna Uncertainty in illness -mallia. Keskeisten kokemusten pohjalta toteutettiin kirjallisuushaku, jonka tuloksia reflektoitiin tämän tutkimuksen tuloksiin. Aineistosta muodostui kolme erillistä kokemuskertomusta: kertomus konkreettisista tapahtumista, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä ja kokemus sairauden kanssa elämisestä. Keskeisiksi kokemussisällöiksi tunnistettiin kokemus terveysongelman hallinnasta, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä, kokemus ympäristön negatiivisesta suhtautumisesta ja huoli läheisistä. Aikaisempaa tutkimusta löytyi kokemuksista terveysongelman hallinnasta ja hallinnan menetyksestä sekä ympäristön suhtautumisesta.

Automatic recognition of fish from video sequences

The problem of automatic recognition of the fish from the video sequences is discussed in this Master’s Thesis. This is a very urgent issue for many organizations engaged in fish farming in Finland and Russia because the process of automation control and counting of individual species is turning point in the industry. The difficulties and the specific features of the problem have been identified in order to find a solution and propose some recommendations for the components of the automated fish recognition system. Methods such as background subtraction, Kalman filtering and Viola-Jones method were implemented during this work for detection, tracking and estimation of fish parameters. Both the results of the experiments and the choice of the appropriate methods strongly depend on the quality and the type of a video which is used as an input data. Practical experiments have demonstrated that not all methods can produce good results for real data, whereas on synthetic data they operate satisfactorily.

Nouvelle carte de Scandinavie, ou, des etats du Nord dressée sur les observations les plus nouvelles des meilleurs geographes avec les armes des provinces de la Suede et des tables tres instructives.

[N. 1:4000000].

A new map of Denmark and Sweden. According to ye newest and most exact observations. By H. Moll, geographer.

Kahdessa osassa painettu kartta.

Sweden and Norway according to the newest observations by H. Moll geographer.

D. east from London = 0-meridiaani: Lontoo. - Koordinaattiasteikko: [W5°] E5-45°, N[70°]65-55°.

Moscovey in Europe. From latest observations. Humbly inscrib'd to Abel Ketelbey of the Inner Temple Esqz. By I. Senex.

[N. 1:4250000].

La Suede, suivant observations de mess.rs de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, etc. Augmentées de nouveau.

Privilegiomerkintä: Avec privilege.

Carte nouvelle de tout l'empire de la grande Russie dans l'estat ou il s'est trouvé à la mort de Pierre le Grand dressée sur des observations toutes nouvelles et dediée à l'immortale memoire de ce grand monarque. Avec privilege.

Janamittakaavat: Lieuës, Werstes.

Designing new learning experiences? : exploring corporate E-learners’ self-regulated learning

The context of this study is corporate e-learning, with an explicit focus on how digital learning design can facilitate self-regulated learning (SRL). The field of e-learning is growing rapidly. An increasing number of corporations use digital technology and elearning for training their work force and customers. E-learning may offer economic benefits, as well as opportunities for interaction and communication that traditional teaching cannot provide. However, the evolving variety of digital learning contexts makes new demands on learners, requiring them to develop strategies to adapt and cope with novel learning tools. This study derives from the need to learn more about learning experiences in digital contexts in order to be able to design these properly for learning. The research question targets how the design of an e-learning course influences participants’ self-regulated learning actions and intentions. SRL involves learners’ ability to exercise agency in their learning. Micro-level SRL processes were targeted by exploring behaviour, cognition, and affect/motivation in relation to the design of the digital context. Two iterations of an e-learning course were tested on two groups of participants (N=17). However, the exploration of SRL extends beyond the educational design research perspective of comparing the effects of the changes to the course designs. The study was conducted in a laboratory with each participant individually. Multiple types of data were collected. However, the results presented in this thesis are based on screen observations (including eye tracking) and video-stimulated recall interviews. These data were integrated in order to achieve a broad perspective on SRL. The most essential change evident in the second course iteration was the addition of feedback during practice and the final test. Without feedback on actions there was an observable difference between those who were instruction-directed and those who were self-directed in manipulating the context and, thus, persisted whenever faced with problems. In the second course iteration, including the feedback, this kind of difference was not found. Feedback provided the tipping point for participants to regulate their learning by identifying their knowledge gaps and to explore the learning context in a targeted manner. Furthermore, the course content was consistently seen from a pragmatic perspective, which influenced the participants’ choice of actions, showing that real life relevance is an important need of corporate learners. This also relates to assessment and the consideration of its purpose in relation to participants’ work situation. The rigidity of the multiple choice questions, focusing on the memorisation of details, influenced the participants to adapt to an approach for surface learning. It also caused frustration in cases where the participants’ epistemic beliefs were incompatible with this kind of assessment style. Triggers of positive and negative emotions could be categorized into four levels: personal factors, instructional design of content, interface design of context, and technical solution. In summary, the key design choices for creating a positive learning experience involve feedback, flexibility, functionality, fun, and freedom. The design of the context impacts regulation of behaviour, cognition, as well as affect and motivation. The learners’ awareness of these areas of regulation in relation to learning in a specific context is their ability for design-based epistemic metareflection. I describe this metareflection as knowing how to manipulate the context behaviourally for maximum learning, being metacognitively aware of one’s learning process, and being aware of how emotions can be regulated to maintain volitional control of the learning situation. Attention needs to be paid to how the design of a digital learning context supports learners’ metareflective development as digital learners. Every digital context has its own affordances and constraints, which influence the possibilities for micro-level SRL processes. Empowering learners in developing their ability for design-based epistemic metareflection is, therefore, essential for building their digital literacy in relation to these affordances and constraints. It was evident that the implementation of e-learning in the workplace is not unproblematic and needs new ways of thinking about learning and how we create learning spaces. Digital contexts bring a new culture of learning that demands attitude change in how we value knowledge, measure it, define who owns it, and who creates it. Based on the results, I argue that digital solutions for corporate learning ought to be built as an integrated system that facilitates socio-cultural connectivism within the corporation. The focus needs to shift from designing static e-learning material to managing networks of social meaning negotiation as part of a holistic corporate learning ecology.

Show me your brain! Stories of interdisciplinary knowledge creation in practice. Experiences and observations from Aalto Design Factory, Finland.

This dissertation centres on the themes of knowledge creation, interdisciplinarity and knowledge work. My research approaches interdisciplinary knowledge creation (IKC) as practical situated activity. I argue that by approaching IKC from the practice-based perspective makes it possible to “deconstruct” how knowledge creation actually happens, and demystify its strong intellectual, mentalistic and expertise-based connotations. I have rendered the work of the observed knowledge workers into something ordinary, accessible and routinized. Consequently this has made it possible to grasp the pragmatic challenges as well the concrete drivers of such activity. Thus the effective way of organizing such activities becomes a question of organizing and leading effective everyday practices. To achieve that end, I have conducted ethnographic research of one explicitly interdisciplinary space within higher education, Aalto Design Factory in Helsinki, Finland, where I observed how students from different disciplines collaborated in new product development projects. I argue that IKC is a multi-dimensional construct that intertwines a particular way of doing; a way of experiencing; a way of embodied being; and a way of reflecting on the very doing itself. This places emphasis not only the practices themselves, but also on the way the individual experiences the practices, as this directly affects how the individual practices. My findings suggest that in order to effectively organize and execute knowledge creation activities organizations need to better accept and manage the emergent diversity and complexity inherent in such activities. In order to accomplish this, I highlight the importance of understanding and using a variety of (material) objects, the centrality of mundane everyday practices, the acceptance of contradictions and negotiations well as the role of management that is involved and engaged. To succeed in interdisciplinary knowledge creation is to lead not only by example, but also by being very much present in the very everyday practices that make it happen.

Digital Exhaustion in relation to Video Games – The Consumer Perspective

This thesis regards exhaustion of copyright’s distribution right in intangible transfers of video games. It analyses whether, under the current law of the European Union, the phenomenon of digital exhaustion, especially in relation to games exists. The thesis analyses the consumers’ position in the market for copyright protected goods. It uses video games market as an example of the wider phenomenon of the effect of latest technological developments on consumers. The research conducted for the thesis is mostly legal dogmatic, although also comparative analysis, law and economics and law and technology methods are utilised. The thesis evaluates the effects of the most recent case law of the European Court of Justice to analyse the current state of digital exhaustion. In the analysis of effects that the existence of digital exhaustion has, the thesis uses the consumers’ point of view. The thesis introduces the current state of technology in the field of video games from a legal perspective. Furthermore the thesis analyses the effects on consumers of a scenario that no digital exhaustion exists in the future. Such scenario under the recent European case law at the moment seems realistic. The conclusion of my research is most importantly that the consumer position in the market for digital goods has deteriorated and that the probable exclusion of the exhaustion for digital goods is another piece of evidence of this development. Most importantly however, the state of affairs where no certainty prevails on whether digital exhaustion exists, creates injustice from the consumers’ point of view. Accordingly, acts by EU legislators of the Court of Justice of the European Union are required to clarify the issue.