Implementatiоn оf Sustainability-Оriented Innоvatiоns in Business - Studying Оrganizatiоnal and External Capabilities: Evidence frоm Pоland

The cоncept оf sustainability-оriented innоvatiоn is recent and still under researched. The aim оf the Thesis is tо cоntribute tо the field and investigate hоw dо cоmpanies оperating in Pоland apply sustainability-оriented innоvatiоn (SОI) tо their cоre business activities, what are the differences between variоus business fоrms оf оrganizatiоn in terms оf SОI, and what type оf capabilities facilitate implementatiоn оf SОI. Given early stage оf empirical research оn sustainability-оriented innоvatiоn, an explоratоry-descriptive case study research strategy was taken applying qualitative methоds. 6 interviews with managers and CEОs оf 4 cоmpanies lоcated in Warsaw were cоnducted. In additiоn, twо academic expert panels with specialists frоm University оf Lоdz and Lappeenranta University оf Technоlоgy were carried оut in оrder tо suppоrt the findings. The study fоund оut that in case оf cоmpanies which purpоse is tо create pоsitive impact and develоp sustainable prоducts оr services by using innоvative apprоaches, SОI activities are embedded in оrganizatiоnal culture and prоcess sо that it is difficult tо differentiate between main business activities and SОI. In the оther twо cases SОI practices were in line with cоre business activities thus reflected the main оperatiоns and were determined as a part оf CSR strategy. Activities are industry specific and are cоntingent upоn resоurces and capabilities pоssessed. Amоng list оf success factоrs management suppоrt, CEО’s persоnal values, dedicated and mоtivated team, investments in research and develоpment, оrganizatiоnal culture, nоn-hierarchical cоmmunicatiоns channels, empоwerment оf emplоyees, prоvisiоn оf time and space fоr failures were identified as key оrganizatiоnal capabilities facilitating integratiоn оf SОI practices. Whereas market demand, NGОs’ pressure, regulatiоns enfоrced, access tо external funding, netwоrking and cооperating present external оr cоllabоrative capabilities suppоrting implementatiоn оf sustainability оriented innоvatiоn in cоmpanies. SОI takes a systemic apprоach that drives the transfоrmatiоn tо becоme sustainable business embedding and integrating sоcial, envirоnmental and ecоnоmic value creatiоn tоgether.

The Nature of Object of Perception and Its Role in the Knowledge Concerning the External World

Questions concerning perception are as old as the field of philosophy itself. Using the first-person perspective as a starting point and philosophical documents, the study examines the relationship between knowledge and perception. The problem is that of how one knows what one immediately perceives. The everyday belief that an object of perception is known to be a material object on grounds of perception is demonstrated as unreliable. It is possible that directly perceived sensible particulars are mind-internal images, shapes, sounds, touches, tastes and smells. According to the appearance/reality distinction, the world of perception is the apparent realm, not the real external world. However, the distinction does not necessarily refute the existence of the external world. We have a causal connection with the external world via mind-internal particulars, and therefore we have indirect knowledge about the external world through perceptual experience. The research especially concerns the reasons for George Berkeley’s claim that material things are mind-dependent ideas that really are perceived. The necessity of a perceiver’s own qualities for perceptual experience, such as mind, consciousness, and the brain, supports the causal theory of perception. Finally, it is asked why mind-internal entities are present when perceiving an object. Perception would not directly discern material objects without the presupposition of extra entities located between a perceiver and the external world. Nevertheless, the results show that perception is not sufficient to know what a perceptual object is, and that the existence of appearances is necessary to know that the external world is being perceived. However, the impossibility of matter does not follow from Berkeley’s theory. The main result of the research is that singular knowledge claims about the external world never refer directly and immediately to the objects of the external world. A perceiver’s own qualities affect how perceptual objects appear in a perceptual situation.

Requisites for a successful implementation of an automated inventory replenishment system

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää automaattisten tilausjärjestelmien onnistuneen käyttöönottoon taustalla vaikuttavia tekijöitä vähittäiskaupan toimialalla ja etsiä ratkaisua kyseisten järjestelmien onnistuneeseen käyttöönottoon tässä ympäristössä. Tutkimus analysoi yli sadan kaupan järjestelmän käyttöönottoa ja käyttöönoton tuloksia. Tutkimusta varten haastateltiin niin yhtiön sisältä kuin ulkopuoleltakin mukana olleita hankintajärjestelmän ja jalkautuksen asiantuntijoita. Tämän lisäksi järjestelmän käyttöönottaneisiin kauppoihin lähetettiin kyselyt, joita analysoitiin ryhmissä automaattisen tilausjärjestelmän tietojen pohjalta. Työn tuloksena pystyttiin tunnistamaan tietty joukko taustatekijöitä, jotka tulee ottaa käyttöönotossa huomioon sekä saatuihin tutkimustuloksiin perustuen kehitettiin malli vastaavanlaisten järjestelmien käyttöönotolle vähittäiskaupan alalle.

Data Governance and Automated Marketing – A Case Study of Expected Benefits of Organizing Data Governance in an ICT Company

This research is looking to find out what benefits employees expect the organization of data governance gains for an organization and how it benefits implementing automated marketing capabilities. Quality and usability of the data are crucial for organizations to meet various business needs. Organizations have more data and technology available what can be utilized for example in automated marketing. Data governance addresses the organization of decision rights and accountabilities for the management of an organization’s data assets. With automated marketing it is meant sending a right message, to a right person, at a right time, automatically. The research is a single case study conducted in Finnish ICT-company. The case company was starting to organize data governance and implementing automated marketing capabilities at the time of the research. Empirical material is interviews of the employees of the case company. Content analysis is used to interpret the interviews in order to find the answers to the research questions. Theoretical framework of the research is derived from the morphology of data governance. Findings of the research indicate that the employees expect the organization of data governance among others to improve customer experience, to improve sales, to provide abilities to identify individual customer’s life-situation, ensure that the handling of the data is according to the regulations and improve operational efficiency. The organization of data governance is expected to solve problems in customer data quality that are currently hindering implementation of automated marketing capabilities.

EXPLOITING SCENARIO PLANNING FOR STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Future insights of the European pet food sector

The purpose of this study is to explore how scenarios can be exploited in strategic assessment of the external business environment. One of the key challenges for managers worldwide is to adapt their businesses to the ever-changing business environment. As the companies’ external business environment is constantly presenting new opportunities and threats, it is extremely important that companies continuously monitor the possible changes happening around it. As the speed of change rises, assessing the future has become more and more vital. The study was conducted as an exploratory research and the research strategy was influenced by scenario planning and case study strategy. The study examined the European pet food sector from the future point of view. Qualitative study was chosen as research approach and empirical data was collected primarily by seven expert interviews. The secondary data about the sector was applied as complementary empirical data. In the theoretical part of the research it was discovered that nowadays, traditional analysis frameworks are ill-suited for strategic assessment of the external business environment. This is why a self-created combination framework for analysis was employed both as study’s theoretical framework and analysis technique. Furthermore, the framework formed the base for interview questions. Both in theoretical and the empirical part of the study it was found that today, in strategic assessment of the external business environment, besides setting focus on the current situation, it is important to concentrate also on the future. The traditional analysis frameworks offer a good starting point for collecting relevant data but they do not encourage conducting a deeper analysis. By adding characteristics from scenario planning to these more traditional tools, a new analysis framework was created, which ensured the more comprehensive analysis. By understanding the interconnections between discovered phenomena and changes, and by recognizing uncertainties, the user is helped to reflect the environment more profoundly. The contributions of the study are both theoretical and managerial. A new analysis framework strives to answer to the current needs for strategic assessment of external business environment and the framework was tested in the context of European pet food sector. When it comes to managerial contributions, the importance lies in understanding the future. Managers must take future into account and understand that future includes various possibilities which all must be reflected

Automated UI testing. WBCT, a computer-automated user test environment tool.

Today, the user experience and usability in software application are becoming a major design issue due to the adaptation of many processes using new technologies. Therefore, the study of the user experience and usability might be included in every software development project and, thus, they should be tested to get traceable results. As a result of different testing methods to evaluate the concepts, a non-expert on the topic might have doubts on which option he/she should opt for and how to interpret the outcomes of the process. This work aims to create a process to ease the whole testing methodology based on the process created by Seffah et al. and a supporting software tool to follow the procedure of these testing methods for the user experience and usability.

Distribution of Smart Solutions for External Lighting in Switzerland - Case C2 Smartlight Ltd.

Establishing of export operations is the key to the competitiveness for all producing companies in high-tech industry. Distribution partnerships between exporting producer and local distributors of relevant foreign market are utilized by SMEs to gain cost-efficiency of operation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Swiss market of outdoor lighting solutions and propose distribution channels for the case of company C2 SmartLight Ltd. The literature framework consists of three main parts: description of distribution channels for business products, the selection process of the distributor and management of the distributors. The empirical part of this study composed of the observation of Swiss lighting market, highlighting key customers, trends of energy efficiency and key industry players of the lighting market. The aim was to identify potential distribution channels, which reach the target customer groups and identify the market opportunity. Secondly, the data was collected through semi-structured phone interviews. The company, which operates in outdoor lighting business and has an established distributor in Switzerland, was interviewed and used as a benchmark. As a result of this research the market opportunity for distribution of C2 SmartLight products was identified based on potential customers and market need. C2 SmartLight Ltd. should establish a connection with wholesalers that distribute easy to handle and store electrical equipment. The results of this study can be used by other SME companies, operating in a similar field of economy, for selection of distributors.