Modulaarisen rakentamisen vaikutus liiketoimintaprosessiin - case kohdeorganisaatio

Backround of this master thesis is previously recognized possibility to build housing units by a new modular building method. This master thesis aims to examine how modular building method influences to business process in the case organization: how will the process change and to whom will the change influence. To examine this, there is a need to declare as-is and to-be processes and find out the changes of the process. Modular building method is a radical change when comparing it to existing. The findings are that modular building method will produce utility by repeating. It needs time and repeating to achieve the utilities. Ability to repeat demands working with more several phases than currently. Modular building method influences also to customer and his/her choices and because of that, it has influences to financial equation.

Kassavirtojen ennustaminen projektilähtöisessä liiketoiminnassa

Työn tavoitteena oli vastata ensisijaisesti kysymykseen, voidaanko projektiliiketoiminnan kassavirtoja ennustaa 3-15 kuukauden aikavälillä ja jos voidaan, niin miten ja millä tarkkuudella. Tutkimus toteutettiin teoriatutkimuksena aihepiiristä ja tutkimuksen pohjalta luotiin malli kassavirtojen ennustamiseen kohdeyritykselle 3-15 kuukauden aikavälille. Mallin laatimiseksi oli hyödynnettävissä viiden vuoden aineistot kohdeyrityksen kassavirroista, budjetista ja liiketoiminnan toteumatiedoista. Työn teoriaosiossa tutkittiin kirjallisuuden pohjalta projektiliiketoimintaa, budjetointia sekä kassavirtoja ja niiden ennustamista. Tämän jälkeen teorian pohjalta rakennettiin kohdeyritykselle historiatietoihin perustuva malli kassavirtojen ennustamiseksi. Mallia rakennettaessa määritettiin ensimmäiseksi merkittävimmät kassavirran komponentit, minkä jälkeen niille laadittiin ennustemenetelmät. Samalla arvioitiin millä tarkkuudella projektilähtöisen liiketoiminnan kassavirtoja pystytään ennustamaan. Tutkimuksen tuloksena oli historiatietoihin pohjautuva ennustemalli kohdeyritykselle. Mallilla tehtyjen testien pohjalta voitiin todeta, että projektilähtöisen liiketoiminnan kassavirtoja pystytään ennustamaan melko hyvällä tarkkuudella, ennustaminen ei kuitenkaan ole niin luotettavaa, kuin jos ennustettaisiin tasaisemmin kehittyvän liiketoiminnan kassavirtoja. Historiaan pohjautuvaa mallia käytettäessä pitää myös muistaa, että mikään ei takaa historian toistumista tulevaisuudessa.

Periprocedural prognostic factors in coronary interventions – retrospective studies

Background: Approximately 11,000 revascularization procedures, either percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), are performed yearly in Finland for coronary artery disease. Periprocedural risk factors for mortality and morbidity as well as long-term outcome have been extensively studied in general populations undergoing revascularization. Treatment choice between PCI and CABG in many high risk groups and risk-stratification, however, needs clarification and there is still room for improvement in periprocedural outcomes. Materials and methods: Cohorts of patients from Finnish hospitals revascularized between 2001 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient records were reviewed for baseline variables and postprocedural outcomes (stroke, myocardial infarction, quality of life measured by the EQ-5D –questionnaire, repeat revascularization, bleeding episodes). Data on date and mode of death was acquired from Statistics Finland. Statistical analysis was performed to identify predictors of adverse events and compare procedures. Results: Postoperative administration of blood products (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets) after isolated CABG independently and dose-dependently increases the risk of stroke. Patients 80 years or older who underwent CABG had better survival at 5 years compared to those who underwent PCI. After adjusting for baseline differences survival was similar. Patients on oral anticoagulation (OAC) for atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with CABG had better survival and overall outcome at 3 years compared to PCI patients. There was no difference in incidence of stroke or bleeding episodes. Differences in outcome remained significant after adjusting for propensity score. Lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) of the EQ-5D questionnaire at 6 months after CABG predicted later major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Deteriorating function and VAS scores between 0 and 6 months on the EQ-5D also independently predicted later MACCE. Conclusions: Administration of blood products can increase the risk of stroke after CABG and liberal use of transfusions should be avoided. In the frail subpopulations of patients on OAC and octogenarians CABG appears to offer superior long-term outcome as compared to PCI. Deteriorating HRQOL scores predict later adverse events after CABG. Keywords: percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, age over 80, transfusion, anticoagulants, coronary artery disease, health-related quality of life, outcome.

Industrial-Scale hydrothermal carbonization of waste sludge materials for fuel production

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process used in the production of charred matter similar in composition to coal. It involves the use of wet, carbohydrate feedstock, a relatively low temperature environment (180 °C-350 °C) and high autogenous pressure (up to 2,4 MPa) in a closed system. Various applications of the solid char product exist, opening the way for a range of biomass feedstock materials to be exploited that have so far proven to be troublesome due to high water content or other factors. Sludge materials are investigated as candidates for industrial-scale HTC treatment in fuel production. In general, HTC treatment of pulp and paper industry sludge (PPS) and anaerobically digested municipal sewage sludge (ADS) using existing technology is competitive with traditional treatment options, which range in price from EUR 30-80 per ton of wet sludge. PPS and ADS can be treated by HTC for less than EUR 13 and 33, respectively. Opportunities and challenges related to HTC exist, as this relatively new technology moves from laboratory and pilot-scale production to an industrial scale. Feedstock materials, end-products, process conditions and local markets ultimately determine the feasibility of a given HTC operation. However, there is potential for sludge materials to be converted to sustainable bio-coal fuel in a Finnish context.

Extending the Hydra Head to Create a Pluggable, Extensible Architecture: Diving into the Technology of Hydramata

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Laser cladding with scanning optics

Scanning optics create different types of phenomena and limitation to cladding process compared to cladding with static optics. This work concentrates on identifying and explaining the special features of laser cladding with scanning optics. Scanner optics changes cladding process energy input mechanics. Laser energy is introduced into the process through a relatively small laser spot which moves rapidly back and forth, distributing the energy to a relatively large area. The moving laser spot was noticed to cause dynamic movement in the melt pool. Due to different energy input mechanism scanner optic can make cladding process unstable if parameter selection is not done carefully. Especially laser beam intensity and scanning frequency have significant role in the process stability. The laser beam scanning frequency determines how long the laser beam affects with specific place local specific energy input. It was determined that if the scanning frequency in too low, under 40 Hz, scanned beam can start to vaporize material. The intensity in turn determines on how large package this energy is brought and if the intensity of the laser beam was too high, over 191 kW/cm2, laser beam started to vaporize material. If there was vapor formation noticed in the melt pool, the process starts to resample more laser alloying due to deep penetration of laser beam in to the substrate. Scanner optics enables more flexibility to the process than static optics. The numerical adjustment of scanning amplitude enables clad bead width adjustment. In turn scanner power modulation (where laser power is adjusted according to where the scanner is pointing) enables modification of clad bead cross-section geometry when laser power can be adjusted locally and thus affect how much laser beam melts material in each sector. Power modulation is also an important factor in terms of process stability. When a linear scanner is used, oscillating the scanning mirror causes a dwell time in scanning amplitude border area, where the scanning mirror changes the direction of movement. This can cause excessive energy input to this area which in turn can cause vaporization and process instability. This process instability can be avoided by decreasing energy in this region by power modulation. Powder feeding parameters have a significant role in terms of process stability. It was determined that with certain powder feeding parameter combinations powder cloud behavior became unstable, due to the vaporizing powder material in powder cloud. Mainly this was noticed, when either or both the scanning frequency or powder feeding gas flow was low or steep powder feeding angle was used. When powder material vaporization occurred, it created vapor flow, which prevented powder material to reach the melt pool and thus dilution increased. Also powder material vaporization was noticed to produce emission of light at wavelength range of visible light. This emission intensity was noticed to be correlated with the amount of vaporization in the powder cloud.

Modelling of ultrasound assisted mixing in Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids

The purpose of this work is to obtain a better understanding of behaviour of possible ultrasound appliance on fluid media mixing. The research is done in the regard to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The process of ultrasound appliance on liquids is modelled in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The influence of ultrasound using is introduced as waveform equation. Turbulence modelling is fulfilled by the k-ε model in Newtonian fluid. The modeling of ultrasound assisted mixing in non-Newtonian fluids is based on the power law. To verify modelling results two practical methods are used: Particle Image Velocimetry and measurements of mixing time. Particle Image Velocimetry allows capturing of velocity flow field continuously and presents detailed depiction of liquid dynamics. The second way of verification is the comparison of mixing time of homogeneity. Experimentally achievement of mixing time is done by conductivity measurements. In modelling part mixing time is achieved by special module of COMSOL Multiphysics – the transport of diluted species. Both practical and modelling parts show similar radial mechanism of fluid flow under ultrasound appliance – from the horn tip fluid moves to the bottom and along the walls goes back. Velocity profiles are similar in modelling and experimental part in the case of Newtonian fluid. In the case of non-Newtonian fluid velocity profiles do not agree. The development track of ultrasound-assisted mixing modelling is presented in the thesis.

Kallet til livets embete : mødre i helse og lidelse

Mothers represent the natural caring. Natural caring is the object of caring science and of research interest because it establishes the central core of professional caring. In this study, we encounter patients who are mothers in need of care in a psychiatric context. Motherhood involves taking responsibility that extends beyond one's own life, because the child represents possibilities in a yet unknown future. Understanding and knowledge about the mothers' struggle in health and suffering are of crucial importance to enable clinical practice to make provisions for and adapt to the individual patient. The overall purpose of this dissertation is to illuminate how the innermost essence of caring emerges in health and suffering in patients who are mothers in psychiatric care. The purpose of the study in a clinical sense is to seek to understand and illuminate the patient's inner world in health and suffering in terms of contextual, existential, ontological and ethical dimensions. The dissertation is exploratory and descriptive in nature and encompasses induction, deduction and abduction as logics tools of reasoning. A theoretical model of natural caring and a universal theoretical model of the innermost essence of caring is developed as seen from the patient's world in a psychiatric context. The dissertation is anchored in human science's view of the human being and the world and in caring science's perspective. Caring science's view of the human being as a unity comprising body, soul and spirit is central in the study's concept of the patient. This multi-dimensional conception of the human being encompasses the dissertation's basic values and is decisive for choice of methodology. Hermeneutic epistemology guided the interpretation of the empirical data, the paradigmatic theses and assumptions. The dialectical movement in interpretation moves back and forth between empirical data, caring science theory and philosophical theory and reveals deeper insight into meaningful content in the clinical context. The interpretation process comprises four levels of abstraction: rational, contextual, existential and ontological. Hermeneutic philosophy guides the inductive and deductive approach to interpretation, as well as the movement between the clinical context and the caring science paradigm. In this encounter between the visible and invisible reality, the image of natural caring – motherliness emerged. The dissertation consists of four studies. The first study is a systematic review of nineteen research articles. The three other studies are hermeneutical interpretations based on text materials from open interviews. Fifteen participants were interviewed, all of whom are mothers of children between 0 and 18 years of age. All were outpatients in the psychiatric specialist health service. In the interpretation process, the mothers' struggle in health and suffering emerges as a struggle between the inner and outer world. Being a mother and patient in health and suffering in a psychiatric context means to struggle to be oneself, to create oneself, to live and realize one's good deeds as a mother and human being. To be oneself, to possess oneself as a mother is not only a question of tending, playing and learning in order to master a practical situation or to survive. It involves constituting a deep, inner desire to courageously create oneself so that the child is able to realize his or her potential in health and suffering. Motherliness manifests itself in caring as a call to ministering humanity and life. The voice of motherliness is understood as the voice of life—the eternal, inner call of love and freedom. The inner call craves fulfilment. Motherliness in natural caring does not retreat. Motherliness defines the Other as freedom and proceeds without regard for all other exterior requirements to realizing wellbeing. The inner essence of caring is attentive, aware and heeds the call of the heart. The innermost essence of caring is to be and to make oneself responsible for the Other. Responsibility cannot be relinquished; free choice consists in whether or not to follow the call. To renounce the inner call to responsibility is to deny oneself and one's dignity as a human being. The theoretical models provide clinical and systematic caring science with knowledge and understanding based on the natural caring spirit inherent in the human being. The study elucidates and strengthens the ontological basic assumptions about the human being as a unity of body, soul and spirit, the sanctity of the human being and the core of caring, ethos. The results of the dissertation will provide clinical practice with knowledge about the inner movements of the mothers' souls in relation to their responsibility as mothers and human beings. Being able to understand the basic conditions for responsibility is crucial for developing care that encompasses mother and child and the mutual relationship between them. This is basic knowledge for developing attitudes and actions that meet and provide for the needs of the patient as mother and as a whole, suffering human being.

Paul and death : a study in psychological coping

The present investigation looks into the attitudes toward death in Paul’s authentic letters, and puts them in relation to modern theories of psychological coping. Drawing on psychologically-oriented hermeneutic theory, and theories about psychological coping in particular, I argue that each case of psychological coping must be understood in its historical situation as strategies emanating from a specific person’s subjective appraisal (cf. Pargament, Lazarus and Folkman). Paul’s letters frequently refer to persecution and violent death. To aid in psychological coping is often integral to the purpose of the letters, which makes the perspective of psychological coping akin to their genre. In the course of a tentatively assumed chronological order of 1 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Romans, Philippians, and Philemon, Paul moves from the perception of Jesus dying for the faithful to the understanding of dying with Jesus. His coping strategies concerning death are gradually transformed from conservative and deferring coping styles, to a more self-directing coping style, to collaborative and transformative coping styles, and finally to a new sense of deferring coping style in prison. The last case of deferring coping carries the traits of generosity and flexibility even in the face of death, which is in contrast to his previous letters. Through his correspondence, we see Paul’s attitude toward death transformed from denial to reaction, to processing, to acceptance (cf. Lindemann, Kübler-Ross, Bowlby, Parkes, among others). His strategies also shift in accordance with these understandings. Denial is accompanied by diversion, threat by aggression, processing by rumination, and acceptance by joy. The study shows the hermeneutic benefits of reading Paul’s letters as the rhetorically framed expressions of a person in a particular historical situation. The letters open small windows through which we can glimpse the coping process of a person of antiquity. In adopting the method of psychological exegesis, the study shows that the variety of attitudes toward death in Paul’s letters makes sense from the perspective of psychological coping. The psychological aspect of these letters is an underexamined richness that can extend into areas of contemporary individual and group identity, and from there to public policy and ethics.

Roll-to-roll atomic layer deposition process for flexible electronics applications

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is the technology of choice where very thin and highquality films are required. Its advantage is its ability to deposit dense and pinhole-free coatings in a controllable manner. It has already shown promising results in a range of applications, e.g. diffusion barrier coatings for OLED displays, surface passivation layers for solar panels. Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (SALD) is a concept that allows a dramatic increase in ALD throughput. During the SALD process, the substrate moves between spatially separated zones filled with the respective precursor gases and reagents in such a manner that the exposure sequence replicates the conventional ALD cycle. The present work describes the development of a high-throughput ALD process. Preliminary process studies were made using an SALD reactor designed especially for this purpose. The basic properties of the ALD process were demonstrated using the wellstudied Al2O3 trimethyl aluminium (TMA)+H2O process. It was shown that the SALD reactor is able to deposit uniform films in true ALD mode. The ALD nature of the process was proven by demonstrating self-limiting behaviour and linear film growth. The process behaviour and properties of synthesized films were in good agreement with previous ALD studies. Issues related to anomalous deposition at low temperatures were addressed as well. The quality of the coatings was demonstrated by applying 20 nm of the Al2O3 on to polymer substrate and measuring its moisture barrier properties. The results of tests confirmed the superior properties of the coatings and their suitability for flexible electronics encapsulation. Successful results led to the development of a pilot scale roll-to-roll coating system. It was demonstrated that the system is able to deposit superior quality films with a water transmission rate of 5x10-6 g/m2day at a web speed of 0.25 m/min. That is equivalent to a production rate of 180 m2/day and can be potentially increased by using wider webs. State-of-art film quality, high production rates and repeatable results make SALD the technology of choice for manufacturing ultra-high barrier coatings for flexible electronics.

Käyttöpääoman mittaaminen ja hallinta valmistavassa teollisuusyrityksessä

Diplomityön päätavoitteena on vapauttaa pääomaa kohdeyrityksen käyttöpääoman komponenteista tuottavia investointeja varten. Tutkimus on toteutettu konstruktiivisena case-tutkimuksena. Aineistona on tieteellisen kirjallisuuden lisäksi käytetty tilinpäätösraportteja, tuotannossa käytettävien komponenttien ja valmistettavien tuotteiden tuote- ja tuoteryhmäkohtaisia tietoja sekä yrityksen avainhenkilöiden haastatteluja. Kysynnän epävarmuus ja liiketoiminnan kausiluonteisuus aiheuttavat vaihteluita yrityksen käyttöpääomatarpeeseen, ja näihin vaihteluihin yrityksen tulisi kyetä vastaamaan. Työn tuloksia ovat käyttöpääoman ennuste- ja optimimittaristot sekä 16 yritykselle räätälöityä käyttöpääoman hallinnan keinoa. Keinoja ovat muun muassa tilauspisteiden jatkuva päivittäminen ja tiiviimpi toimittajayhteistyö. Mittaaminen, optimitason määrittäminen ja hallintakeinojen määritys ja toteutus muodostavat käyttöpääoman hallinnan syklin, jonka tulisi toistua käyttöpääoman hallinnassa. Käyttöpääomasta vapautunut pääoma tulee sijoittaa yrityksen tuottaviin investointeihin. Investointien myötä yrityksen kannattavuus ja maksuvalmius paranevat. Tulevaisuudessa, parantuneen maksuvalmiuden myötä on käyttöpääoman hallinnan strategia määritettävä uudelleen.

Structural and Mechanistic Studies of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase

Phosphoserine aminotrasferase (PSAT: EC 2.6.1.52) is a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme and a member of the subgroup IV in the aminotransferase superfamily. Here, X-ray crystallography was used to determine the structure of PSAT from Bacillus alcalophilus with pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP) at high resolution (1.57 Å). In addition, analysis of active residues and their conformational changes was performed. The structure is of good quality as indicated, for example, by the last recorded Rwork and Rfree numbers (0.1331 and 0.1495, respectively). The enzyme was initially crystallized in the presence of substrate L-glutamate with the idea to produce the enzyme-substrate complex. However, the structure determination revealed no glutamate bound at the active site. Instead, the Schiff base between Lys196 and PLP appeared broken, resulting in the formation of PMP owing to the excess of the donor substrate used during co-crystallization. Structural comparison with the free PSAT enzyme and the PSAR-PSER complex showed that the aromatic ring of the co-factor remains in almost the same place in all structures. A flexible nearby loop in the active site was found in the same position as in the free PSAT structure while in the PSAT-PSER structure it moves inwards to interact with PSER. B-factors comparison in all three structures (PSAT-PMP complex, free PSAT, and PSAT-PSER complex) showed elevated loop flexibility in the absence of the substrate, indicating that loop flexibility plays an important role during substrate binding. The reported structure provides mechanistic details into the reaction mechanism of PSAT and may help in understanding better the role of various parts in the structure towards the design of novel compounds as potential disruptors of PSAT function. This may lead to the development of new drugs which could target the human and bacterial PSAT active site.

Nettikoulussa – Opettajien käsityksiä nettikasvatuksesta ja nuorten nettikulttuurista

Tutkimuksessa kuvataan opettajien käsityksiä nettikasvatuksesta ja nuorten nettikulttuurista. Tehtävänä on kuvata kuuden opettajan näkemyksiä nuorten nettimaailmasta sekä oppilaan, että kasvattajan näkökulmasta. Tutkimus on lähtökohdiltaan kvalitatiivinen. Tutkimuksen metodologisena viitekehyksenä käytetään fenomenografista lähestymistapaa. Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan opettajien käsitykset nuorten nettikulttuurista olivat hyvin moninaiset. Opettajien käsityksiä nuorten nettikulttuurista kuvasti vahva huoli nuorten arvoista ja suhteestaan mediakriittisyyteen. Nettikulttuuriin liittyen huolenaiheena olivat myös nuorten nettiriippuvuus, sekä huoli liikunnan vähentymisestä. Nämä aiheet heijastuivat vahvasti opettajien omiin nuoruudenajan kokemuksiin nuorisokulttuurista. Toisaalta internet ja sosiaalinen media nähtiin mahdollistavana, yhdistävänä tekijänä, joka heijastui koulun arkeen nuorten avoimuutena ja kokemusten jakamisena. Opettajien käsityksissä heijastui myös kulttuurin kokonaisvaltaisuus; miten Internet ja sosiaalinen media syö kulttuurin itseensä, kun kaikki toiminta siirtyy verkkoon. Nettikasvatuksen opettajat kokivat olevan hyvin harkinnanvaraista ja riippuvan omasta kiinnostuksesta aihetta kohtaan. Nettikasvattajina opettajat kokivat tärkeäksi mediakasvatuksen ja kriittisen tiedon etsinnän taidot. Vastuu ja sen jakaminen olivat merkittävä tekijä opettajien puhuessa nettikasvatuksestaan ja roolistaan siinä. Opettajat eivät halunneet mennä kodin tehtävien edelle, mutta rajan määrittäminen oli haasteellista. Vastavuoroisuus nettikasvatuksessa ja teknologisessa koulumaail-massa nähtiin hyvin merkittävä.

Suomen taloussuhdanteiden kansainvälinen yhteisvaihtelu

Taloussuhdanteiden yhteisvaihtelun tutkimus on eräs taloustieteiden vanhimmista tutkimusaloista. Finanssikriisi ja euroalueen kohtaamat talousvaikeudet ovat kuitenkin nostaneet aiheen jälleen hyvin ajankohtaiseksi. Kuluneiden kahdenkymmenen vuoden aikana tutkimusalueesta on muodostunut erittäin laaja lukuisine näkökulmineen ja debatteineen. Tutkielman aiheena on Suomen taloussuhdanteiden kansainvälinen yhteisvaihtelu valittujen vertailumaiden kanssa. Vertailumaat ovat Ruotsi, Norja, Tanska, Saksa, Ranska, Iso-Britannia ja Yhdysvallat. Tutkielmaan valitut taloussuhdannetta kuvaavat muuttujat ovat reaalinen bruttokansantuote, yksityinen kokonaiskulutus ja teollisuustuotantoindeksi. Aineisto on kerätty Lappeenrannan tiedekirjaston Nelli-portaalin OECD iLibrary-tietokannasta ja se kattaa aikajakson 1960 Q1- 2014 Q4. Maakohtainen taloussuhdanne operationalisoidaan laskemalla ensimmäinen logaritminen differenssi, joka edustaa perinteistä reaalisuhdanneteoreettisen koulukunnan näkemystä taloussuhdanteesta. Tutkielman näkökulmaksi valitaan yhden maan näkökulma, joka on hieman harvinaisempi näkökulma verrattuna laajempiin alueellisiin näkökulmiin. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytetään Pearsonin korrelaatiokerrointa, Engle-Granger- sekä Johansenin yhteisintegroituvuustestejä ja VAR-GARCH-BEKK –mallilla laskettua dynaamista korrelaatiota, jotka lasketaan Suomen ja vertailumaiden välille maapareittain. Tuloksia tulkitaan suomalaisen vientiä vertailumaihin suunnittelevan yrityksen näkökulmasta. Tutkielman tulosten perusteella Engle-Grangerin menetelmällä laskettu samanaikainen yhteisintegroituvuus Suomen ja vertailumaiden välillä on epätodennäköistä. Kun yhteisintegroituvuuden annetaan riippua myös viiveistä, saadaan Johansenin menetelmällä yhteisintegroituvuus Suomen ja Yhdysvaltojen välille reaalisessa bruttokansantuotteessa, Suomen ja Saksan, Suomen ja Ranskan sekä Suomen ja Yhdysvaltojen välille yksityisessä kokonaiskulutuksessa sekä Suomen ja Norjan välille teollisuustuotantoindeksissä. Tulosten tulkintaa vaikeuttavat niiden malliriippuvuus ja informaatiokriteerien toisistaan poikkeavat mallisuositukset, joten yhteisintegroituvuus on mahdollinen myös muiden maaparien kohdalla. Dynaamisten korrelaatiokuvaajien perusteella maaparien välisen yhteisvaihtelun voimakkuus muuttuu ajan mukana. Finanssikriisin aikana kokonaistuotannossa on havaittavissa korkeampi korrelaatio, mutta korrelaatio palaa sen jälkeen perustasolleen. Kokonaiskulutuksen korrelaatio on kokonaistuotantoa alhaisempi ja pitemmissä aikajaksoissa vaihtelevaa.