The Role of Universities in the Triple Helix model of innovation management within the biotechnology industry, Case example: Turku Science Park Network

Biotechnology has been recognized as the key strategic technology for industrial growth. The industry is heavily dependent on basic research. Finland continues to rank in the top 10 of Europe's most innovative countries in terms of tax-policy, education system, infrastructure and the number of patents issued. Regardless of the excellent statistical results, the output of this innovativeness is below acceptable. Research on the issues hindering the output creation has already been done and the identifiable weaknesses in the Finland's National Innovation system are the non-existent growth of entrepreneurship and the missing internationalization. Finland is proven to have all the enablers of the innovation policy tools, but is lacking the incentives and rewards to push the enablers, such as knowledge and human capital, forward. Science Parks are the biggest operator in research institutes in the Finnish Science and Technology system. They exist with the purpose of speeding up the commercialization process of biotechnology innovations which usually include technological uncertainty, technical inexperience, business inexperience and high technology cost. Innovation management only internally is a rather historic approach, current trend drives towards open innovation model with strong triple helix linkages. The evident problems in the innovation management within the biotechnology industry are examined through a case study approach including analysis of the semi-structured interviews which included biotechnology and business expertise from Turku School of Economics. The results from the interviews supported the theoretical implications as well as conclusions derived from the pilot survey, which focused on the companies inside Turku Science Park network. One major issue that the Finland's National innovation system is struggling with is the fact that it is technology driven, not business pulled. Another problem is the university evaluation scale which focuses more on number of graduates and short-term factors, when it should put more emphasis on the cooperation success in the long-term, such as the triple helix connections with interaction and knowledge distribution. The results of this thesis indicated that there is indeed requirement for some structural changes in the Finland's National innovation system and innovation policy in order to generate successful biotechnology companies and innovation output. There is lack of joint output and scales of success, lack of people with experience, lack of language skills, lack of business knowledge and lack of growth companies.

Using Moodle to provide added value in the teaching of a software development course

The rate of adoption and use of learning management systems to support teaching and learning processes in academic institutions is growing rapidly. Universities are acquiring systems with functionalities that can match with their specific needs and requirements. Moodle is one of the most popular and widely deployed learning management systems in academic institutions today. However, apart from the system, universities tend to maintain other applications for the purpose of supplementing their teaching and learning processes. This situation is similar to Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), which is our case study in this project. Apart from Moodle, the university also maintains other systems such as Oodi, Noppa and Uni portal for the purpose of supporting its educational activities. This thesis has two main goals. The first goal is to understand the specific role of Moodle at LUT. This information is fundamental in assessing whether Moodle is needed in the university’s current teaching and learning environment. The second aim is to provide insights to teachers and other departmental stakeholders on how Moodle can provide added value in the teaching of a software development course. In response to this, a Moodle module for a software development course is created and the underlying features are tested. Results of the constructive work proposed some improvements through (i) the use of Moodle for in-class surveys, (ii) transfer of grades from Moodle to Oodi, (iii) use of Moodle in self-study courses and MOOCs, (iv) online examinations, and (v) Moodle integrations with third party applications. The proposed items were then evaluated for their utility through interviews of five expert interviews. The final results of this work are considered useful to LUT administration and management specifically on ways that Moodle can bring changes to the university at managerial, economical and technical level. It also poses some challenges on platform innovations and research.

An interaction framework for deploying the knowledge of diasporas: Using Finland as an example

This study discusses the importance of diasporas’ knowledge with regard to the national competitive advantage of Finland. The purpose of this study is to suggest an interaction framework, which illustrates how diasporas can benefit the host country via intentional knowledge spillovers, with two sub-objectives: to seek which features are crucial for productive interaction between a host government and diasporas, and to scrutinize the modes of interaction currently effective in Finland. The theoretical background of the study consists of literature relating to the concepts of diaspora and knowledge. The empirical research conducted for this study is based on expert interviews. The interview data was collected between September and November 2013. Eight interviews were made; five with representatives of expert organizations, and three with immigrants. Thematic analysis was used to categorize and interpret the interview data. In addition, thematic networks were built to act as a basis of analysis. This study finds that knowledge, especially new combinations of knowledge, is a significant input in innovation. Innovation is found to be the basis of national competitive advantage. Thus the means through which knowledge is transferred are of key importance. Diasporas are found a good source of new knowledge, and thus may aid the innovative process. Host country stance and policy are found to have a major impact on the ability of the host country to benefit from diasporas’ knowledge. As a host country, this study finds Finland to have a very fragmented strategy field and a prejudiced attitude, which currently make it difficult to utilize the potential of diasporas. The interaction framework based on these findings suggests ways in which Finland can improve its national competitive advantage through acquiring the innovative potential of diasporas. Strategy revision and increased promotion are discussed as means towards improved interaction. In addition, the importance of learning is emphasized. The findings of this study enhance understanding of the relationship between the concepts of diaspora and knowledge. In addition, this study ties the relationship to economic benefit. Future research is, however, necessary in order to fully understand the meaning of the relationship, as well as to increase understanding of the generalizability of the interaction framework.

Organisatorinen oppiminen ja sen merkitys opetuksen laadulle Lahden diakonian instituutissa

Organisatorista oppimista tapahtuu kaikissa organisaatioissa. Muuttuvassa toimintaympäristössä ja kovenevassa kilpailussa sellaiset organisaatiot pärjäävät parhaiten, jotka pystyvät oppimaan ja kehittämään toimintaa muita nopeammin. Tämän työn tavoitteena on tunnistaa, miten ja millaista organisatorista oppimista Lahden diakonian instituutissa tapahtuu ja miten se vaikuttaa opetuksen laatuun. Laatua lähestytään kahdesta eri näkökulmasta. Näitä ovat opetusministeriön laatusuositukset ja rahoitukseen vaikuttavat mittarit sekä opettajien itse laadukkaalle työlle määrittelemät kriteerit. Empiirinen osuus toteutetaan puolistrukturoiduin haastatteluin ja tutkimusmenetelmänä käytetään tapaustutkimusta. Haastateltavana on kuusi Lahden diakonian instituutin opettajaa. Tutkimuksen mukaan Lahden diakonian instituutissa tapahtuu organisatorista oppimista, mutta se ei ole riittävää, systemaattista tai tavoitteellista. Suurimmat esteet ovat sille varattujen resurssien puuttuminen, opettajien työn itsenäinen luonne ja yhteistyön vähyys, kiire sekä päätösvallan puuttuminen. Tutkimus kuitenkin osoittaa, että organisatorisella oppimisella voidaan vaikuttaa parantavasti myös opetuksen laatuun esimerkiksi uusien toimintamallien ja resurssien paremman kohdentamisen kautta.

Building the ‘Digital’ Library: Routes to Managing our Institutional Digital Learning, Teaching and Research Assets Together

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Opettajien johtamiseen soveltuvan suorituskykymittariston taustalla olevat motivaatiotekijät

Työntekijöiden ja organisaatioiden suorituskykyä on tutkittu etenkin tuotantoyrityksissä paljon. Suorituskyvyn mittaamisessa on painotettu taloudellisia tai tuotannollisia mittareita. Yksittäisen työntekijän motivaation merkitystä suorituskykyyn ei ole kuitenkaan tutkittu kovinkaan paljon. Motivaatioon liittyviä tutkimuksia on tehty enemmän kasvatustieteellisissä ja psykologisissa tutkimuksissa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, minkälaiset motivaatiotekijät vaikuttavat ammatillisessa koulutuksessa työskentelevien opettajien suorituskykyyn. Motivaatiotekijöitä selvitettiin opettajille suunnatulla kyselyllä. Lisäksi selvitettiin, onko motivaatiotekijöillä eroa yksityisen organisaation ja julkisen organisaation työntekijöiden välillä. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että yksityisen ja julkisen organisaation työntekijöiden työskentelymotivaatio perustuu erilaisiin tekijöihin. Yrityselämässä menestyvän työntekijän motivaatio kasvaa, mikäli hänellä on mahdollisuus saavuttaa taloudellisia palkkioita hyvistä suorituksista tai hänelle tarjotaan muita ulkoisia hyödykkeitä, kuten ylennystä. Julkisen sektorin palveluksessa olevan työntekijän motivaatio kasvaa, mikäli hän saa tehdä osaamaansa työtä yhteisön hyväksi ja onnistuu työssään. Kyselyn perusteella voidaan todeta, että opettajat ovat hyvin tyytyväisiä työhönsä ja he motivoituvat onnistumisen kokemuksista ja mahdollisuudesta vaikuttaa oman työnsä sisältöön ja aikatauluihin. Esimerkkimittaristo rakennettiin Teaching Balanced Scorecard (TBSC) -menetelmän mukaiseksi. Mittaristossa on huomioitu opettajan työskentelymotivaatioon vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tuloskorttimalli soveltuu isojen organisaatioiden käyttöön ja nykyinen suuntaus oppilaitoksissa on kohti isoja toimijoita. Esimiesten on tunnistettava alaistensa motivaatioon vaikuttavia tekijöitä, sillä työntekijälle annettu vääränlainen palaute voi jopa laskea hänen suorituskykyä. Tiimeissä ja verkostoissa hyvän motivaation saavuttaminen merkitsee myös työturvallisuuden parantumista, sillä yhteen hiileen puhaltavat työntekijät hyödyntävät yhteistä osaamistaan myös työskentelyolosuhteiden kehittämisessä.

Large scale solar power plant flat roof and carport installation in Finland

This work focuses on the 159.5 kW solar photovoltaic power plant project installed at the Lappeenranta University of Technology in 2013 as an example of what a solar plant project could be in Finland. The project consists of a two row carport and a flat roof installation on the roof of the university laboratories. The purpose of this project is not only its obvious energy savings potential but also to serve as research and teaching laboratory tool. By 2013, there were not many large scale solar power plants in Finland. For this reason, the installation and data experience from the solar power plant at LUT has brought valuable information for similar projects in northern countries. This work includes a first part for the design and acquisition of the project to continue explaining about the components and their installation. At the end, energy produced by this solar power plant is studied and calculated to find out some relevant economical results. For this, the radiation arriving to southern Finland, the losses of the system in cold weather and the impact of snow among other aspects are taken into account.