Spatial and Spectral Separability of Grasslands in the inner Turku Archipelago using Landsat Thematic Mapper Satellite Imagery

The present study investigates the spatial and spectral discrimination potential for grassland patches in the inner Turku Archipelago using Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The spatial discrimination potential was computed through overlay analysis using official grassland parcel data and a hypothetical 30 m resolution satellite image capturing the site. It found that Landsat TM imagery’s ability to retrieve pure or near-pure pixels (90% purity or more) from grassland patches smaller than 1 hectare was limited to 13% success, compared to 52% success when upscaling the resolution to 10 x 10 m pixel size. Additionally, the perimeter/area patch metric is proposed as a predictor for the suitability of the spatial resolution of input imagery. Regression analysis showed that there is a strong negative correlation between a patch’s perimeter/area ratio and its pure pixel potential. The study goes on to characterise the spectral response and discrimination potential for the five main grassland types occurring in the study area: recreational grassland, traditional pasture, modern pasture, fodder production grassland and overgrown grassland. This was done through the construction of spectral response curves, a coincident spectral plot and a contingency matrix as well as by calculating the transformed divergence for the spectral signatures, all based on training samples from the TM imagery. Substantial differences in spectral discrimination potential between imagery from the beginning of the growing season and the middle of summer were found. This is because the spectral responses for these five grassland types converge as the peak of the growing season draws nearer. Recreational grassland shows a consistent discrimination advantage over other grassland types, whereas modern pasture is most easily confused. Traditional pasture land, perhaps the most biologically valuable grassland type, can be spectrally discriminated from other grassland types with satisfactory success rates provided early growing season imagery is used.

ZigBee-verkot ja evaluointilaitteen suunnittelu

In this thesis a closer look at ZigBee wireless network protocol was made and a ZigBee evaluation device was designed and built for testing it. ZigBee is a digital wireless network technology published in 2004, which was developed for wireless control and automation systems. It is based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard, and its aim was to create a reliable wireless networking protocol with secure data transmissions, low power consumption and low manufacturing costs. The low power consumption requirement has also led to a slow data rate and a short range, but in a ZigBee network individual network devices can route messages to each other, so short range is not a problem. In automation and control systems a fast data rate is not usually an important requirement either. ZigBee network can form automatically and one ZigBee network can theoretically include thousands of devices, all of which can communicate with each other. ZigBee network is also self-healing, so an individual device dropping out of the network, like breaking down, does not affect functionality of the network. Evaluation device was designed and implemented in four different versions, which were tested with six different antenna designs. All antennas were tested at a range of 100 meters in an open terrain using two different frequencies and transmission powers. Also a range test was performed for selected antennas using transmission power of 4,5 dBm, which was maximum power of the ZigBee chip used in the evaluation device. Range test resulted in a measured range of several hundred meters, which can be considered as a good result for a short-range technology.

LTE tulevaisuuden mobiiliverkkoratkaisuna

Tässä kandidaatintyössä käytiin läpi kuinka LTE soveltuu tulevaisuuden mobiiliverkkoratkaisuksi. Ensiksi selvitettiin sen kehityshistoriaa ja vaatimuksia. Seuraavaksi käytiin läpi LTE:n teknistä puolta, kuten radiotekniikkaa, taajuusjakoa ja antenneja. Työssä tehtiin katsaus myös uuteen SAE verkkoarkkitehtuuriin. Teknillisen puolen jälkeen työssä käytiin läpi LTE:n kilpailijoita, sekä tutustuttiin tarkemmin sen pahimpaan haastajaan WiMAX:iin. Näiden kahden tekniikan välillä tehtiin myös vertailu. Lopuksi katsottiin tulevaisuuden trendejä ja mobiilin datasiirron kehittymistä sekä tutustuttiin LTE:n seuraavaan versioon LTE-Advanced:iin.

Thermal Stress in a Roll-to-Roll Printed Electronics Substrate

The Roll-to-Roll process makes it possible to print electronic products continuously onto a uniform substrate. Printing components on flexible surfaces can bring down the costs of simple electronic devices such as RFID tags, antennas and transistors. The possibility of quickly printing flexible electronic components opens up a wide array of novel products previously too expensive to produce on a large scale. Several different printing methods can be used in Roll-to-Roll printing, such as gravure, spray, offset, flexographic and others. Most of the methods can also be mixed in one production line. Most of them still require years of research to reach a significant commercial level. The research for this thesis was carried out at the Konkuk University Flexible Display Research Center (KU-FDRC) in Seoul, Korea. A system using Roll-to-Roll printing requires that the motion of the web can be controlled in every direction in order to align different layers of ink properly. Between printers the ink is dried with hot air. The effects of thermal expansion on the tension of the web are studied in this work, and a mathematical model was constructed on Matlab and Simulink. Simulations and experiments lead to the conclusion that the thermal expansion of the web has a great influence on the tension of the web. Also, experimental evidence was gained that the particular printing machine used for these experiments at KU-FDRC may have a problem in controlling the speeds of the cylinders which pull the web.

Tietokantojen yhdistäminen järjestelmän rajapintoja hyödyntäen

Tässä työssä on pyritty kartoittamaan mahdollisuudet omatoimiseen Voyager-kirjastojärjestelmän aineistotietokantojen ja asiakasrekisterien yhdistelyyn. Lähtökohtana on ollut oletus, että kohdejärjestelmän tietokantaan ei ole oikeuksia eikä sopimusteknistä mahdollisuuttakaan kirjoittaa tietoja suoraan kyselykielellä. Järjestelmän dokumentaatiota sekä verkostoa hyödyntämällä olen pyrkinyt kartoittamaan mahdollisuudet kaiken toiminnallisuuden vaatiman datan siirtoon. Hyödyntämällä järjestelmän rajapintoja, voidaan saavuttaa kustannussäästöjä sekä joustavuutta työn suorittamisen aikataulutukseen. Bibliografisen datan siirtoon Voyager-kirjastojärjestelmässä on mahdollisuus hyödyntää palvelimella eräajona suoritettavaa ohjelmaa. Tässä eräajossa voidaan siirtää sekä bibliografiset tietueet että varastotietueet. Nidetietojen kirjoittamiseksi kohteena olevaan tietokantaan käytetään Visual Studio -sovellusta, joka hyödyntää luettelointirajapintaa. Asiakastietojen siirtoon on mahdollista hyödyntää palvelimella suoritettavaa eräajoa, jonka syötteeksi kirjoitetaan määrämittainen syötetiedosto. Asiakastietueisiin sidotut lainatiedot voidaan siirtää kohdetietokantaan asiakasohjelman offline-lainaustoiminnolla.

Centralized IT management using SCCM in a large multinational company

Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager is a systems management product for managing large groups of computers and/or mobile devices. It provides operating system deployment, software distribution, patch management, hardware & software inventory, remote control and many other features for the managed clients. This thesis focuses on researching whether this product is suitable for large, international organization with no previous, centralized solution for managing all such networked devices and detecting areas, where the system can be altered to achieve a more optimal management product from the company’s perspective. The results showed that the system is suitable for such organization if properly configured and clear and transparent line of communication between key IT personnel exists.

Radar cross-section measurement using the Doppler effect

In this Master Thesis we discuss issues related to the measurement of the effective scattering surface, based on the Doppler Effect. Modeling of the detected signal was made. Narrowband signal filtering using low-frequency amplifier was observed. Parameters of the proposed horn antennas were studied; radar cross section charts for three different objects were received.

Antenna feed design for omnidirectional broadband antenna

This thesis is about development broadband feed for two-mirror antenna system that match following requirements: beamwidth from 45 to 90 degrees at -3 dB level, circular polarization, absence of radiation to the lower hemisphere area. Literature review was done in the areas of the UWB antennas creation. During the work attempts were made to create a feed in a form of the quad ridged horn and "eleven" antennas. The latter is introduced as the most effective feed among all antennas discussed in thesis. Radiation patterns and other results for "eleven" antenna were obtained. Results were saved as far field sources and placed slightly below focal point into the two-mirror antenna system, because phase center of the “eleven” antenna is predominantly shifted upwards. Directivity patterns for the two-mirror system were obtained and the conclusions about the work results have been made