144 resultados para Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)


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Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 (HRT3) as a screening device in comparison with the reference standard of Octopus standard automated perimetry results (SAP) combined with clinical findings. Methods: All patients underwent screening examinations and investigations within a single day. Abnormal screening results were classified as follows: The HRT3: Either "borderline" or "outside normal limits" using the global Moorfields classification (MFC); SAP and clinical exam: A mean defect > 2.4 dB or "outside normal limits" clear text analysis of SAP; and one of the following i) IOP > 21 mmHg, ii) Van Herrick < ¼, iii) cup disc ratio > 0.55, iv) optic nerve head abnormality, v) narrow iridocorneal angle or vi) evidence of peripheral anterior synechiae on gonioscopy. Results: The mean age of the participants was 59.9 years (± 14.8 [21, 91]). Twenty-three subjects (16 %) were classified as abnormal on SAP and clinical exam. The HRT3 classification had a sensitivity of 30 % (95 % CI [16 %, 51 %]) with associated specificity of 58 % (95 % CI [49 %, 66 %]). Of the sixty subjects classified as borderline or outside normal limits with the HRT MFC global result, seven subjects were also abnormal according to SAP and clinical exam. Conclusion: The results suggest that the HRT3 may not be suitable as a sole screening device; however, further investigation is necessary.

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La déchirure des ischio-jambiers est la blessure non-traumatique la plus fréquemment rencontrée dans les sports demandant une course à haute vitesse. Les ischio-jambiers sont particulièrement vulnérables lors de la fin de phase d'oscillation du sprint étant donné qu'ils se contractent excentriquement alors qu'ils sont en position d'allongement. Le renforcement excentrique a été montré comme étant une méthode efficace pour diminuer le risque de blessure. Cependant, les exercices classiquement utilisés comme le Nordic hamstring ne soumettent pas les ischio-jambiers à un niveau d'allongement spécifique au sprint. Dès lors, l'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer le fonctionnement des ischio-jambiers à différents niveaux d'allongement musculo- tendineux puis de transposer dans la pratique les résultats obtenus afin de concevoir des exercices plus spécifiques aux besoins des athlètes. Avant cela, une première partie avait pour but de proposer de nouvelles méthodes d'évaluation de terrain des ischio-jambiers. Les différents travaux réalisés pour cette thèse ont permis : 1) de proposer deux nouveaux outils de terrain pour l'évaluation de la flexibilité et de la force des ischio-jambiers ; 2) de montrer que le niveau d'allongement influence directement la force produite par les ischio-jambiers et de suggérer que ce niveau d'allongement semble être un stimulus au moins aussi déterminant que le mode de contraction musculaire pour générer des adaptations de l'architecture musculaire propices à la diminution du risque de blessure ; 3) de proposer des modalités spécifiques de renforcement des ischio-jambiers destinées aux sprinteurs dans une perspective de prévention des blessures et de montrer l'efficacité de ces recommandations sur l'amélioration d'un certain nombre de facteurs de risque de blessure. Finalement, ce travail a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives allant de la proposition d'exercices de renforcement de terrain au développement d'un système motorisé spécifique au sprint permettant le renforcement et l'évaluation de la force des ischio-jambiers en passant par différents projets de recherche. -- High-speed running sports accounts for the majority of hamstring strains. The terminal swing phase of the running cycle is believed to be the most hazardous as the hamstrings are undergoing an active lengthening contraction in a long muscle length position. Prevention-based strength training relies mainly on eccentric exercises. However, most hamstrings exercises like the Nordic hamstring are performed at an inadequately low hip-flexion angle. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to assess the hamstring function at different muscle lengths and depending on the obtained results to design strength exercises more specific to the athlete's need. Before that, a first part of this thesis aimed to develop new assessment methods of the hamstring on site. The different studies included in the present thesis allowed: 1) to propose two new methods to test the hamstring flexibility and strength on the field; 2) to show that the hamstring muscle length directly influences its level of strength, and to suggest that the training range of motion could be a dominant stimulus (as important than contraction type) for modifying the muscle architecture, which leads to a decrease in hamstring injury risk; 3) to define sprint specific parameters for prevention-based strength training, and to show the efficiency of these recommendations on the improvement of several injury risk factors for the hamstring. Finally, this thesis proposed new perspectives: 1) new strength exercises on site; 2) the development of a motorised device specific for the sprint which could be used to strength and to assess the hamstring; 3) several future research projects.

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BACKGROUND: Infected postpneumonectomy chest cavities may be related to chronic postpneumonectomy empyema or arise in rare situations of necrotizing pneumonia with complete lung destruction where pneumonectomy and pleural debridement are required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of an intrathoracic vacuum-assisted closure device (VAC) for the treatment of infected postpneumonectomy chest cavities. METHOD: A retrospective single institution review of all patients with infected postpneumonectomy chest cavities treated by VAC between 2005 and 2013. Patients underwent surgical debridement of the thoracic cavity, muscle flap closure of the bronchial stump when a fistula was present, and repeated intrathoracic VAC dressings until granulation tissue covered the entire chest cavity. After this, the cavity was obliterated by a Clagett procedure and closed. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (14 men and 7 women) underwent VAC treatment of their infected postpneumonectomy chest cavity. Twelve patients presented with a chronic postpneumonectomy empyema (10 of them with a bronchopleural fistula) and 9 patients with an empyema occurring in the context of necrotizing pneumonia treated by pneumonectomy. In-hospital mortality was 23%. The median duration of VAC therapy was 23 days (range, 4-61 days) and the median number of VAC changes per patient was 6 (range, 2-14 days). Infection control and successful chest cavity closure was achieved in all surviving patients. One adverse VAC treatment-related event was identified (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The intrathoracic VAC application is a safe and efficient treatment of infected postpneumonectomy chest cavities and allows the preservation of chest wall integrity.

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PURPOSE: Implanted venous access devices (IVADs) are often used in patients who require long-term intravenous drug administration. The most common causes of device dysfunction include occlusion by fibrin sheath and/or catheter adherence to the vessel wall. We present percutaneous endovascular salvage techniques to restore function in occluded catheters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these techniques. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Through a femoral or brachial venous access, a snare is used to remove fibrin sheath around the IVAD catheter tip. If device dysfunction is caused by catheter adherences to the vessel wall, a new "mechanical adhesiolysis" maneuver was performed. IVAD salvage procedures performed between 2005 and 2013 were analyzed. Data included clinical background, catheter tip position, success rate, recurrence, and rate of complication. RESULTS: Eighty-eight salvage procedures were performed in 80 patients, mostly women (52.5 %), with a mean age of 54 years. Only a minority (17.5 %) of evaluated catheters were located at an optimal position (i.e., cavoatrial junction ±1 cm). Mechanical adhesiolysis or other additional maneuvers were used in 21 cases (24 %). Overall technical success rate was 93.2 %. Malposition and/or vessel wall adherences were the main cause of technical failure. No complications were noted. CONCLUSION: These IVAD salvage techniques are safe and efficient. When a catheter is adherent to the vessel wall, mechanical adhesiolysis maneuvers allow catheter mobilization and a greater success rate with no additional risk. In patients who still require long-term use of their IVAD, these procedures can be performed safely to avoid catheter replacement.

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Parastomal hernia (PSH) is the most frequent long-term stoma complication with serious negative effects on quality of life. Surgical revision is often required and has a substantial morbidity and recurrence rate. The development of PSH requires revisional surgery with a substantial perioperative morbidity and high failure rate in the long-term follow-up. Prophylactic parastomal mesh insertion during stoma creation has the potential to reduce the rate of PSH, but carries the risk of early and late mesh-related complications such as infection, fibrosis, mesh shrinkage, and/or bowel erosion. We developed a new stomaplasty ring (KORING), which is easy to implant, avoids potential mesh-related complications, and has a high potential of long-term prevention of PSH. Here we describe the technique and the first use.

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In this paper, we show how business model modelling can be connected to IT infrastructure, drawing parallels from enterprise architecture models such as ArchiMate. We then show how the proposed visualization based on enterprise architecture, with a strong focus on business model strategy, can help IT alignment, at both the business model and the IT infrastructure level.

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La station valaisanne de Crans-Montana est richement représentée par la photographie, la peinture, les affiches et l'architecture. Cette thèse de doctorat s'emploie à réunir un large corpus de photographies et de représentations : peintures, affiches, cartes postales et reproductions de bâtiments emblématiques (voir le corpus illustré et documentaire annexé). Les questions liées à l'identité du territoire et son image sont les fils conducteurs de ce travail qui a débuté en 2008. Un premier ensemble visuel a été réuni par le Dr Théodore Stephani (1868-1951), un acteur fondamental pour l'histoire de la naissance de la station. Médecin, mais également photographe, il réalise une collection de plus de 1300 clichés, réunie en six albums, sur une période de trente-sept ans (1899-1936). Les photographies du médecin, originaire de Genève, fondateur de ce lieu désormais touristique sont le point de départ de cette recherche et son fil rouge. Celle-ci tentera d'articuler des représentations sur l'évolution du paysage et l'urbanisation de la station autour d'acteurs illustres, tels que les peintres Ferdinand Hodler (1853-1918) et Albert Muret (1874-1955), l'écrivain Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz (1878-1947) et les nombreux hôteliers ou médecins qui ont marqué l'histoire de la naissance du Haut-Plateau. Les représentations débutent en 1896 car c'est à ce moment-là que le Dr Stephani s'établit à Montana. Les architectes les plus connus de la première période sont François-Casimir Besson (1869-1944), Markus Burgener (1878-1953), suivi de la deuxième génération autour de Jean-Marie Ellenberger (1913-1988), André Perraudin (1915-2014) et André Gaillard (1921-2010). Parallèlement ou avant eux, les peintres déjà cités, Ferdinand Hodler et Albert Muret, - suivis de René Auberjonois (1872-1957), Henri-Edouard Bercher (1877-1970), Charles-Clos Olsommer (1883-1966), Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980), Albert Chavaz (1907¬1990), Paul Monnier (1907-1982) et Hans Emi (1909-2015) - qui appartiennent tous à l'histoire culturelle de la région. Quant aux écrivains qui ont résidé dans la région, nous citons Elizabeth von Arnim (1866-1941), sa cousine Katherine Mansfield (1888-1923) alors que l'oeuvre de Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz est largement développée par une interprétation de son oeuvre Le Règne de l'esprit malin (1917) et un clin d'oeil pour Igor Stravinsky (1882¬1971). Nous présenterons aussi les films de trois cinéastes qui se sont inspirés des oeuvres écrites par Ramuz lors de son passage à Lens, à savoir Dimitri Kirsanoff (1899-1957), Claude Goretta (1929) et Francis Reusser (1942). Le concept du « village » est abordé depuis l'exposition nationale suisse (1896) jusqu'au projet des investisseurs russes, à Aminona. Ce « village » est le deuxième mégaprojet de Suisse, après celui d'Andermatt. Si le projet se réalise, l'image de la station s'en trouvera profondément transformée. En 1998, la publication de Au bord de la falaise. L'histoire entre certitudes et inquiétudes amène une grande visibilité aux propositions de Roger Chartier, qui lie l'étude des textes aux objets matériels et les usages qu'ils engendrent dans la société. Il définit l'histoire culturelle comme "une histoire culturelle du social" alors que pour Pascal Ory, une histoire culturelle est "comme une forme d'histoire sociale", ce qui revient presque au même, mais nous choisirons celle d'Ory pour une histoire sociale du paysage et de l'architecture. Ce travail adopte ainsi plusieurs points de vue : l'histoire sociale, basée sur les interviews de nombreux protagonistes de l'histoire locale, et l'histoire de l'art qui permet une sélection d'objets emblématiques ; l'histoire culturelle offre ainsi une méthode transversale pour lire et relier ces différents regards ou points de vue entre les paysages, les arts visuels, l'architecture, la littérature et le cinéma.

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Chromatin state variation at gene regulatory elements is abundant across individuals, yet we understand little about the genetic basis of this variability. Here, we profiled several histone modifications, the transcription factor (TF) PU.1, RNA polymerase II, and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from 47 whole-genome sequenced individuals. We observed that distinct cis-regulatory elements exhibit coordinated chromatin variation across individuals in the form of variable chromatin modules (VCMs) at sub-Mb scale. VCMs were associated with thousands of genes and preferentially cluster within chromosomal contact domains. We mapped strong proximal and weak, yet more ubiquitous, distal-acting chromatin quantitative trait loci (cQTL) that frequently explain this variation. cQTLs were associated with molecular activity at clusters of cis-regulatory elements and mapped preferentially within TF-bound regions. We propose that local, sequence-independent chromatin variation emerges as a result of genetic perturbations in cooperative interactions between cis-regulatory elements that are located within the same genomic domain.