Actes d'apôtres

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Cette nouvelle traduction de la Bible est la première traduction française de la Bible réalisée en commun par des spécialistes des langues et des textes bibliques et des écrivains. Entièrement originale, elle a été élaborée d'après les langues sources de la Bible (Hébreu, Araméen, Grec), et selon les dernières éditions critiques. Chaque livre biblique a été confié à un tandem composé d'un bibliste et d'un écrivain, qui ont travaillé au coude à coude pendant 6 ans. Une idée forte a prévalu : jouer sur la pluralité des genres, des écritures, des interprétations, aboutissant à une Bible à plusieurs voix, qui transmet dans la langue et les littératures françaises contemporaines la diversité des genres littéraires, des styles, des formes, des auteurs, des inspirations, des traditions... Cette nouvelle traduction est le fruit d'une collaboration internationale exceptionnelle entre 20 écrivains et poètes contemporains francophones (parmi lesquels François Bon, Emmanuel Carrère, Florence Delay, Jean Echenoz, Jacques Roubaud...) et 27 spécialistes de la Bible et des langues anciennes. « Bible d'une nouvelle génération », cette Bible renoue avec l'histoire de notre culture. Elle affirme que cette histoire n'est pas close, que la Bible garde l'étonnante capacité de solliciter et de provoquer.

Lettre à Philémon

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Cette nouvelle traduction de la Bible est la première traduction française de la Bible réalisée en commun par des spécialistes des langues et des textes bibliques et des écrivains. Entièrement originale, elle a été élaborée d'après les langues sources de la Bible (Hébreu, Araméen, Grec), et selon les dernières éditions critiques. Chaque livre biblique a été confié à un tandem composé d'un bibliste et d'un écrivain, qui ont travaillé au coude à coude pendant 6 ans. Une idée forte a prévalu : jouer sur la pluralité des genres, des écritures, des interprétations, aboutissant à une Bible à plusieurs voix, qui transmet dans la langue et les littératures françaises contemporaines la diversité des genres littéraires, des styles, des formes, des auteurs, des inspirations, des traditions... Cette nouvelle traduction est le fruit d'une collaboration internationale exceptionnelle entre 20 écrivains et poètes contemporains francophones (parmi lesquels François Bon, Emmanuel Carrère, Florence Delay, Jean Echenoz, Jacques Roubaud...) et 27 spécialistes de la Bible et des langues anciennes. « Bible d'une nouvelle génération », cette Bible renoue avec l'histoire de notre culture. Elle affirme que cette histoire n'est pas close, que la Bible garde l'étonnante capacité de solliciter et de provoquer.

How multiple repetitions influence the processing of self-, famous and unknown names and faces: an ERP study.

Because we live in an extremely complex social environment, people require the ability to memorize hundreds or thousands of social stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of multiple repetitions on the processing of names and faces varying in terms of pre-experimental familiarity. We measured both behavioral and electrophysiological responses to self-, famous and unknown names and faces in three phases of the experiment (in every phase, each type of stimuli was repeated a pre-determined number of times). We found that the negative brain potential in posterior scalp sites observed approximately 170 ms after the stimulus onset (N170) was insensitive to pre-experimental familiarity but showed slight enhancement with each repetition. The negative wave in the inferior-temporal regions observed at approximately 250 ms (N250) was affected by both pre-experimental (famous>unknown) and intra-experimental familiarity (the more repetitions, the larger N250). In addition, N170 and N250 for names were larger in the left inferior-temporal region, whereas right-hemispheric or bilateral patterns of activity for faces were observed. The subsequent presentations of famous and unknown names and faces were also associated with higher amplitudes of the positive waveform in the central-parietal sites analyzed in the 320-900 ms time-window (P300). In contrast, P300 remained unchanged after the subsequent presentations of self-name and self-face. Moreover, the P300 for unknown faces grew more quickly than for unknown names. The latter suggests that the process of learning faces is more effective than learning names, possibly because faces carry more semantic information.

Changing Religiosity, Changing Politics? The Influence of 'Belonging' and 'Believing' on Political Attitudes in Switzerland

Starting from theories of secularization and of religious individualization, we propose a two-dimensional typology of religiosity and test its impact on political attitudes. Unlike classic conceptions of religiosity used in political studies, our typology simultaneously accounts for an individual's sense of belonging to the church (institutional dimension) and his/her personal religious beliefs (spiritual dimension). Our analysis, based on data from the World Values Survey in Switzerland (1989-2007), shows two main results. First, next to evidence of religious decline, we also find evidence of religious change with an increase in the number of people who "believe without belonging." Second, non-religious individuals and individuals who believe without belonging are significantly more permissive on issues of cultural liberalism than followers of institutionalized forms of religiosity.

Influence of inflammation on total energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients.

Background and Objectives: Studies show that inflammation can contribute to an increase in resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic kidney disease; however, findings about total energy expenditure (TEE) have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inflammation on TEE and physical activity energy expenditure in hemodialysis (HD) patients.Design: This was a cross-sectional study.Setting: This study was conducted from Hopital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.Patients: This study included 24 HD patients and 18 healthy subjects.Main Outcome Measure: TEE and step counts were measured over a 7-day period by the SenseWear Pro2 Armband in 24 HD patients (15 patients with C-reactive protein,5 mg/L, aged 67.0 +/- 6 14.7 years, and 9 with C-reactive protein >5 mg/L, aged 69.0 +/- 6 18.0 years) and compared with 18 healthy subjects (62.3 +/- 6 15.3 years).Results: Mean estimated TEE measured with SenseWear Pro2 Armband was significantly lower (25.5 +/- 4.1 kcal/kg/day) in patients with inflammation when compared with those without inflammation (32.0 +/- 6.7 kcal/kg/day) and with healthy subjects (31.8 +/- 6 7.0 kcal/kg/day) (P = .012). There was a difference in the physical activity (step counts) between patient groups (P < .05). Healthy subjects and patients without inflammation walked more (8,107 +/- 5,419 and 6,016 +/- 3,752 steps/day, respectively) as compared with patients with inflammation (2,801 +/- 2,754 steps/day, P = .001).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients with inflammation have a lower TEE when compared with healthy subjects and patients without inflammation. TEE is influenced by physical activity because patients with inflammation appear to be less active. (C) 2011 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of CRTC1 Polymorphisms on Body Mass Index and Fat Mass in Psychiatric Patients and the General Adult Population.

IMPORTANCE There is a high prevalence of obesity in psychiatric patients, possibly leading to metabolic complications and reducing life expectancy. The CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) gene is involved in energy balance and obesity in animal models, but its role in human obesity is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether polymorphisms within the CRTC1 gene are associated with adiposity markers in psychiatric patients and the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective and prospective data analysis and population-based samples at Lausanne and Geneva university hospitals in Switzerland and a private clinic in Lausanne, Switzerland. The effect of 3 CRTC1 polymorphisms on body mass index (BMI) and/or fat mass was investigated in a discovery cohort of psychiatric outpatients taking weight gain-inducing psychotropic drugs (sample 1, n = 152). The CRTC1 variant that was significantly associated with BMI and survived Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparison was then replicated in 2 independent psychiatric samples (sample 2, n = 174 and sample 3, n = 118) and 2 white population-based samples (sample 4, n = 5338 and sample 5, n = 123 865). INTERVENTION Noninterventional studies. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Difference in BMI and/or fat mass between CRTC1 genotype groups. RESULTS Among the CRTC1 variants tested in the first psychiatric sample, only rs3746266A>G was associated with BMI (Padjusted = .003). In the 3 psychiatric samples, carriers of the rs3746266 G allele had a lower BMI than noncarriers (AA genotype) (sample 1, P = .001; sample 2, P = .05; and sample 3, P = .0003). In the combined analysis, excluding patients taking other weight gain-inducing drugs, G allele carriers (n = 98) had a 1.81-kg/m2 lower BMI than noncarriers (n = 226; P < .0001). The strongest association was observed in women younger than 45 years, with a 3.87-kg/m2 lower BMI in G allele carriers (n = 25) compared with noncarriers (n = 48; P < .0001), explaining 9% of BMI variance. In the population-based samples, the T allele of rs6510997C>T (a proxy of the rs3746266 G allele; r2 = 0.7) was associated with lower BMI (sample 5, n = 123 865; P = .01) and fat mass (sample 4, n = 5338; P = .03). The strongest association with fat mass was observed in premenopausal women (n = 1192; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that CRTC1 contributes to the genetics of human obesity in psychiatric patients and the general population. Identification of high-risk subjects could contribute to a better individualization of the pharmacological treatment in psychiatry.

Does previous hip arthroscopy negatively influence the short term clinical result of total hip replacement?

INTRODUCTION: The risk that hip preserving surgery may negatively influence the performance and outcome of subsequent total hip replacement (THR) remains a concern. The aim of this study was to identify any negative impact of previous hip arthroscopy on THR. METHODS: Out of 1271 consecutive patients who underwent primary THR between 2005 and 2009, 18 had previously undergone ipsilateral hip arthroscopy. This study group (STG) was compared with two control groups (CG, same approach, identical implants; MCG, paired group matched for age, BMI and Charnley categories). Operative time, blood loss, evidence of heterotopic bone and implant loosening at follow-up were compared between the STG and the MCG. Follow-up WOMAC were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: Blood loss was not found to be significantly different between the STG and MCG. The operative time was significantly less (p < 0.001) in the STG. There was no significant difference in follow-up WOMAC between the groups. No implant related complications were noted in follow-up radiographs. Two minor complications were documented for the STG and three for the MCG. CONCLUSION: We have found no evidence that previous hip arthroscopy negatively influences the performance or short-term clinical outcome of THR.

Adding diversity to ruthenium (II)-arene anticancer (RAPTA) compounds via click chemistry: the influence of hydrophobic chains

The application of click chemistry to develop libraries of organometallic ruthenium-arene complexes with potential anticancer properties has been investigated. A series of ruthenium-imidazole-triazole complexes, with hydrophobic tails, were prepared from a common precursor via click chemistry. The tail could be attached to the ligand prior to coordination to the ruthenium complex were screened for cytotoxicity in tumourigenic and non-tumourigenic cell lines, and while the compounds were only moderately cytotoxic, good selectivity for tumourigenic cells were abserved.

Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk.

Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure or  ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Solubility of cytoskeletal proteins in immunohistochemistry and the influence of fixation.

For accurate and quantitative immunohistochemical localization of antigens it is crucial to know the solubility of tissue proteins and their degree of loss during processing. In this study we focused on the solubility of several cytoskeletal proteins in cat brain tissue at various ages and their loss during immunohistochemical procedures. We further examined whether fixation affected either solubility or immunocytochemical detectability of several cytoskeletal proteins. An assay was designed to measure the solubility of cytoskeletal proteins in cryostat sections. Quantity and quality of proteins lost or remaining in tissue were measured and analyzed by electrophoresis and immunoblots. Most microtubule proteins were found to be soluble in unfixed and alcohol fixed tissues. Furthermore, the microtubule proteins remaining in the tissue had a changed cellular distribution. In contrast, brain spectrin and all three neurofilament subunits were insoluble and remained in the tissue, allowing their immunocytochemical localization in alcohol-fixed tissue. Synapsin I, a protein associated with the spectrin cytoskeleton, was soluble, and aldehyde fixation is advised for its immunohistochemical localization. With aldehyde fixation, the immunoreactivity of some antibodies against neurofilament proteins was reduced in axons unveiling novel immunogenic sites in nuclei that may represent artifacts of fixation. In conclusion, protein solubility and the effects of fixation are influential factors in cytoskeletal immunohistochemistry, and should be considered before assessments for a quantitative distribution are made.

Prosodic differences between Germans and German-speaking Swiss in L2

Cette recherche étudie dans quelle mesure l'origine géographique d'un locuteur influence son accent dans une langue étrangère. L'anglais et le français parlés par des Allemands et des Suisses alémaniques sont examinés à travers une expérience de perception et d'analyses phonétiques. L'expérience de perception démontre que les participants sont bien capables d'indiquer si une phrase est lue par un Allemand ou un Suisse alémanique; les participants de langue maternelle allemande y réussissent le mieux. L'analyse prosodique permet d'observer de nettes différences entre les deux groupes de locuteurs. Dans la lecture des phrases françaises, les Suisses alémaniques ont tendance à accentuer la première syllabe des mots, en montant avec leur intonation et en prolongeant la durée des voyelles. Les Allemands, en revanche, accentuent par une intonation fortement montante la dernière syllabe des mots.

LES LINGUISTIQUES DE L'EUROPE NOUVELLE : Analyse comparée de l'utilisation des représentations sur la langue et de la linguistique dans la construction de l'Europe de Versailles et de l'URSS (1914-1953)

Le but principal de ce travail est de comparer les idées sur la langue et sur la linguistique a l'intérieur de deux processus de « construction de monde », à savoir le réagencement de l'Europe après la Première guerre mondiale et la création du monde nouveau voulu par l'Union soviétique. La comparaison est rendue pertinente par le fait que ces deux « constructions de monde » eurent lieu dans des atmosphères idéologiques opposées, puisque la Première guerre mondiale et la révolution bolchevique s'opposent radicalement en représentant, respectivement, le triomphe des nations et celui de l'internationalisme de classe. La comparaison se fera aussi à l'intérieur de l'Union soviétique, puisque l'internationalisme des années 1920 laissera la place dans les années 1930 et jusqu'à la mort de Staline en 1953 à un nationalisme soviétique représenté par la métaphore de la « citadelle assiégée ». L'hypothèse du travail est la suivante : la façon d'utiliser les faits de langue et la linguistique, et la façon de considérer l'objet-langue dans un processus de construction étatique dépendent de l'atmosphère idéologique à l'intérieur de laquelle cette utilisation a lieu. Dans la première partie, nous analysons les idées de trois linguistes professionnels (Antoine Meillet, Aleksandar Belic et Jordan Ivanov) relatives au réagencement de l'Europe après la guerre. De l'analyse de ces trois corpus de textes ressortira une espèce de contradiction, puisque ces linguistes qui, au début du XXème siècle, entendaient user de la science linguistique pour asseoir sur des bases solides la nouvelle Europe, le firent avec une « conscience linguistique » d'inspiration romantique, tout droit sortie du XIXeme siècle. La nécessité de proposer pour l'Europe une solution pratique et durable a très certainement amené ces linguistes à privilégier, peut-être inconsciemment, des théories linguistiques certes dépassées, mais qui avaient l'avantage de considérer les langues comme des objets discontinus et homogènes. Dans notre deuxième partie consacrée à l'Union soviétique, nous analysons des textes (d'auteurs parfois méconnus) traitant de ce que nous avons appelé la « révolution en langue » : partant du principe que le monde nouveau de la dictature du prolétariat allait être totalement différent du monde que l'on avait connu précédemment, certains auteurs des années 1920 furent convaincus que ce monde nouveau allait avoir besoin d'une langue nouvelle. Mais au lieu d'attendre que cette langue nouvelle apparaisse spontanément, par évolution, certains proposèrent d'introduire consciemment dans la langue, par révolution, les changements selon eux nécessaires pour que la langue corresponde aux nouveaux besoins. Dans ce contexte, l'objet-langue est considéré comme un simple outil de communication qu'il est possible de modifier à sa guise, et la linguistique comme une discipline technique. Cette idée de changer la langue disparaîtra de l'URSS des années 1930, avec le passage vers le nationalisme soviétique. A la place, on préférera rappeler que les langues ne peuvent évoluer que par évolution, que l'on ne peut pas changer la langue, que l'on ne peut pas créer une langue selon notre volonté. Dans le contexte de la « citadelle assiégée », la langue russe deviendra le signe distinctif de l'Union soviétique qu'il sera impossible de toucher et de modifier. La langue n'est plus un outil, elle est désormais un symbole. Avec la comparaison de ces deux situations particulières (trois si l'on distingue les deux atmosphères de l'URSS), nous pensons avoir montré que l'apparition de certaines idées sur la langue et sur la linguistique est liée au contexte et aux besoins.