Ultra deep blue: the ultimate chess player

Projecte d'adaptació del programa GNU Chess al sistema de grid computing 'Condor'. I amb això, es planteja un estudi sobre els algorismes de cerca i la seva aplicació en entorns distribuïts. Una sèrie de proves sobre unes mostres de una partida d'escacs contra el propi GNU Chess ens ajuden a posar de relleu els avantatges i inconvenients de cada un dels algorismes proposats.

Design of Novel Frequency Generation Circuit with Application to Ultra-Wideband Distributed Oscillators

Given the urgence of a new paradigm in wireless digital trasmission which should allow for higher bit rate, lower latency and tigher delay constaints, it has been proposed to investigate the fundamental building blocks that at the circuital/device level, will boost the change towards a more efficient network architecture, with high capacity, higher bandwidth and a more satisfactory end user experience. At the core of each transciever, there are inherently analog devices capable of providing the carrier signal, the oscillators. It is strongly believed that many limitations in today's communication protocols, could be relieved by permitting high carrier frequency radio transmission, and having some degree of reconfigurability. This led us to studying distributed oscillator architectures which work in the microwave range and possess wideband tuning capability. As microvave oscillators are essentially nonlinear devices, a full nonlinear analyis, synthesis, and optimization had to be considered for their implementation. Consequently, all the most used nonlinear numerical techniques in commercial EDA software had been reviewed. An application of all the aforementioned techniques has been shown, considering a systems of three coupled oscillator ("triple push" oscillator) in which the stability of the various oscillating modes has been studied. Provided that a certain phase distribution is maintained among the oscillating elements, this topology permits a rise in the output power of the third harmonic; nevertheless due to circuit simmetry, "unwanted" oscillating modes coexist with the intenteded one. Starting with the necessary background on distributed amplification and distributed oscillator theory, the design of a four stage reverse mode distributed voltage controlled oscillator (DVCO) using lumped elments has been presented. All the design steps have been reported and for the first time a method for an optimized design with reduced variations in the output power has been presented. Ongoing work is devoted to model a wideband DVCO and to implement a frequency divider.

Growth and characterization of CoO ultra thin films

In this report we present the growth process of the cobalt oxide system using reactive electron beam deposition. In that technique, a target of metallic cobalt is evaporated and its atoms are in-flight oxidized in an oxygen rich reactive atmosphere before reaching the surface of the substrate. With a trial and error procedure the deposition parameters have been optimized to obtain the correct stoichiometry and crystalline phase. The evaporation conditions to achieve the correct cobalt oxide salt rock structure, when evaporating over amorphous silicon nitride, are: 525 K of substrate temperature, 2.5·10-4 mbar of oxygen partial pressure and 1 Å/s of evaporation rate. Once the parameters were optimized a set of ultra thin film ranging from samples of 1 nm of nominal thickness to 20nm thick and bulk samples were grown. With the aim to characterize the samples and study their microstructure and morphology, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and quasi-adiabatic nanocalorimetry techniques are utilised. The final results show a size dependent effect of the antiferromagnetic transition. Its Néel temperature becomes depressed as the size of the grains forming the layer decreases.

Influencia del contenido de oxigeno sobre la ductilidad del hierro de granos ultra finos obtenido por compactación en caliente

Sabiendo que las propiedades mecánicas de un metal están gobernadas por sumicroestructura y más precisamente por su tamaño de grano, la industria busca desarrollarmateriales con un tamaño de grano nanométrico que tengan comportamientos mecánicosinteresantes: alto limite elástico y ductilidad aceptable.Este proyecto trata de la influencia del oxigeno sobre un material nanoestructurado obtenidopor compactación en caliente de polvo molido de hierro. Con este objetivo, se ha realizadodos polvo de hierro conteniendo cada uno una concentración en oxigeno diferente (0.238 y0.634% másico). Se los han compactado a diferentes temperaturas (575, 600, 625y 650°C).Se ha realizado diferentes pruebas sobre los consolidados: medición de la densidad,dureza, determinación del tamaño de grano, resistencia mecánica y ductilidad medianteensayo de tracción.Las piezas consolidadas con un porcentaje bajo de carbono muestran una buena resistenciacon porcentajes de alargamiento bajos pero suficientes. Para las piezas con altoscontenidos de oxígeno, se ha demostrado que el oxigeno fragiliza el material formandoóxidos que ralentizan el crecimiento de grano a alta temperatura y que dificultan suconsolidación. De esta manera, estas piezas tienen una resistencia teórica mucho mayorpero rompen por rotura frágil.

Influencia del contenido de oxigeno sobre la ductilidad del hierro de granos ultra finos obtenido por compactación en caliente

Sabiendo que las propiedades mecánicas de un metal están gobernadas por sumicroestructura y más precisamente por su tamaño de grano, la industria busca desarrollarmateriales con un tamaño de grano nanométrico que tengan comportamientos mecánicosinteresantes: alto limite elástico y ductilidad aceptable.Este proyecto trata de la influencia del oxigeno sobre un material nanoestructurado obtenidopor compactación en caliente de polvo molido de hierro. Con este objetivo, se ha realizadodos polvo de hierro conteniendo cada uno una concentración en oxigeno diferente (0.238 y0.634% másico). Se los han compactado a diferentes temperaturas (575, 600, 625y 650°C).Se ha realizado diferentes pruebas sobre los consolidados: medición de la densidad,dureza, determinación del tamaño de grano, resistencia mecánica y ductilidad medianteensayo de tracción.Las piezas consolidadas con un porcentaje bajo de carbono muestran una buena resistenciacon porcentajes de alargamiento bajos pero suficientes. Para las piezas con altoscontenidos de oxígeno, se ha demostrado que el oxigeno fragiliza el material formandoóxidos que ralentizan el crecimiento de grano a alta temperatura y que dificultan suconsolidación. De esta manera, estas piezas tienen una resistencia teórica mucho mayorpero rompen por rotura frágil.

Ultra-Deep Pyrosequencing Detects Conserved Genomic Sites and Quantifies Linkage of Drug-Resistant Amino Acid Changes in the Hepatitis B Virus Genome

Selection of amino acid substitutions associated with resistance to nucleos(t)ide-analog (NA) therapy in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) and their combination in a single viral genome complicates treatment of chronic HBV infection and may affect the overlapping surface coding region. In this study, the variability of an overlapping polymerase-surface region, critical for NA resistance, is investigated before treatment and under antiviral therapy, with assessment of NA-resistant amino acid changes simultaneously occurring in the same genome (linkage analysis) and their influence on the surface coding region.

Rapid analysis of multiclass antibiotic residues and some of their metabolites in hospital, urban wastewater and river water by ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry

The present work describes the development of a fast and robust analytical method for the determination of 53 antibiotic residues, covering various chemical groups and some of their metabolites, in environmental matrices that are considered important sources of antibiotic pollution, namely hospital and urban wastewaters, as well as in river waters. The method is based on automated off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QqLIT). For unequivocal identification and confirmation, and in order to fulfill EU guidelines, two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions per compound are monitored (the most intense one is used for quantification and the second one for confirmation). Quantification of target antibiotics is performed by the internal standard approach, using one isotopically labeled compound for each chemical group, in order to correct matrix effects. The main advantages of the method are automation and speed-up of sample preparation, by the reduction of extraction volumes for all matrices, the fast separation of a wide spectrum of antibiotics by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, its sensitivity (limits of detection in the low ng/L range) and selectivity (due to the use of tandem mass spectrometry) The inclusion of β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins), which are compounds difficult to analyze in multi-residue methods due to their instability in water matrices, and some antibiotics metabolites are other important benefits of the method developed. As part of the validation procedure, the method developed was applied to the analysis of antibiotics residues in hospital, urban influent and effluent wastewaters as well as in river water samples