Magnetic superelasticity and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni-Mn-In

Applying a magnetic field to a ferromagnetic Ni50Mn34In16 alloy in the martensitic state induces a structural phase transition to the austenitic state. This is accompanied by a strain which recovers on removing the magnetic field, giving the system a magnetically superelastic character. A further property of this alloy is that it also shows the inverse magnetocaloric effect. The magnetic superelasticity and the inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni-Mn-In and their association with the first-order structural transition are studied by magnetization, strain, and neutron-diffraction studies under magnetic field.

Can genetic algorithms explain experimental anomalies? An application to common property resources

It is common to find in experimental data persistent oscillations in the aggregate outcomes and high levels of heterogeneity in individual behavior. Furthermore, it is not unusual to find significant deviations from aggregate Nash equilibrium predictions. In this paper, we employ an evolutionary model with boundedly rational agents to explain these findings. We use data from common property resource experiments (Casari and Plott, 2003). Instead of positing individual-specific utility functions, we model decision makers as selfish and identical. Agent interaction is simulated using an individual learning genetic algorithm, where agents have constraints in their working memory, a limited ability to maximize, and experiment with new strategies. We show that the model replicates most of the patterns that can be found in common property resource experiments.

Generalized property R and the Schoenflies Conjecture

There is a relation between the generalized Property R Conjecture and the Schoenflies Conjecture that suggests a new line of attack on the latter. The new approach gives a quick proof of the genus 2 Schoenflies Conjecture and suffices to prove the genus 3 case, even in the absence of new progress on the generalized Property R Conjecture.

Real rank zero algebras have the corona factorization property

The purpose of this short note is to prove that a stable separable C*-algebra with real rank zero has the so-called corona factorization property, that is, all the full multiplier projections are properly in finite. Enroute to our result, we consider conditions under which a real rank zero C*-algebra admits an injection of the compact operators (a question already considered in [21]).

Subgroups of small index in Aut(Fn) and Kazhdan's property (T)

We give a series of interesting subgroups of finite index in Aut(Fn). One of them has index 42 in Aut(F3) and infinite abelianization. This implies that Aut(F3) does not have Kazhdan’s property (T) (see [3] and [6] for another proofs). We proved also that every subgroup of finite index in Aut(Fn), n &= 3, which contains the subgroup of IA-automorphisms, has a finite abelianization.

On finite unions and finite products with the D-property

We show that the product of a subparacompact C-scattered space and a Lindelöf D-space is D. In addition, we show that every regular locally D-space which is the union of a finite collection of subparacompact spaces and metacompact spaces has the D-property. Also, we extend this result from the class of locally D-spaces to the wider class of D-scattered spaces. All the results are shown in a direct way.

Opening Education Beyond the Property Relation: From Commons to Communism

Open Education, and specifically the OER movement, seeks to provide universal access to knowledge, undermining the historical enclosure and the increasing privatisation of the public education system. In this paper we examine this aspiration by submitting the implicit theoretical assumptions of Open Education to the test of critical political economy. We acknowledge the Open Education movement's revolutionary potential but outline the inherent limitations of its current focus on the commons (property relations) rather than the social relations of capitalist production (wage work, the company) and because of this, argue that it will only achieve limited, rather than revolutionary, impact.

Conjugation of genetically-engineered protein phosphatases to magnetic particles for okadaic acid detection

This work presents the functional characterisation of a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit obtained by genetic engineering and its conjugation to magnetic particles (MPs) via metal coordination chemistry for the subsequent development of assays for diarrheic lipophilic marine toxins. Colorimetric assays with free enzyme have allowed the determination of the best enzyme activity stabiliser, which is glycerol at 10%. They have also demonstrated that the recombinant enzyme can be as sensitive towards okadaic acid (OA) (LOD=2.3μg/L) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) (LOD=15.2μg/L) as a commercial PP2A and, moreover, it has a higher operational stability, which makes possible to perform the protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) with a lower enzyme amount. Once conjugated to MPs, the PP2A catalytic subunit still retains its enzyme activity and it can also be inhibited by OA (LOD=30.1μg/L).

Electromagnetismo en medios materiales con monopolos magnéticos

Els monopols es defineixen, teòricament, com càrregues que generen camps amb divergència diferent de cero. Malgrat això, les entitats amb comportament mimètic al dels monopols magnètics, segueix sent compatible amb ∇·B=0, han estat detectades experimentalment en gels d’espín (‘spin-ices’). Aquesta aparent contradicció pot generar confusió i, per tant, requereix explicació. D’altra banda, s’estudien propietats duals del materials amb càrregues magnètiques efectives tals com la ‘magnetricity’ en els ‘spinices’ (conductivitat de les càrregues magnètiques davant un camp magnètic extern). Com una conseqüència de la magnetricitat, l’apantallament del camp magnètic en materials amb càrregues magnètiques és analitzat. Estudio la propagació d’ones electromagnètiques transversals en medis materials infinits i en plasmes magnètics diluïts davant la presència de camps elèctrics externs constants. Aquesta propagació és dual a la propagació d’ones en plasmes de càrregues elèctriques davant la presència de camps magnètics externs, constants. Finalment, estudio el frenat elèctric d’un conductor de càrregues magnètiques amb un efecte dual al frenat magnètic en conductors elèctrics.

Nuclear relaxation contribution to static and dynamic (infinite frequency approximation) nonlinear optical properties by means of electrical property expansions: Application to HF, CH4, CF4, and SF6

Electrical property derivative expressions are presented for the nuclear relaxation contribution to static and dynamic (infinite frequency approximation) nonlinear optical properties. For CF4 and SF6, as opposed to HF and CH4, a term that is quadratic in the vibrational anharmonicity (and not previously evaluated for any molecule) makes an important contribution to the static second vibrational hyperpolarizability of CF4 and SF6. A comparison between calculated and experimental values for the difference between the (anisotropic) Kerr effect and electric field induced second-harmonic generation shows that, at the Hartree-Fock level, the nuclear relaxation/infinite frequency approximation gives the correct trend (in the series CH4, CF4, SF6) but is of the order of 50% too small

Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts with the statistical average of orbital-dependent model potentials in Kohn-Sham density functional theory

The performance of the SAOP potential for the calculation of NMR chemical shifts was evaluated. SAOP results show considerable improvement with respect to previous potentials, like VWN or BP86, at least for the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine chemical shifts. Furthermore, a few NMR calculations carried out on third period atoms (S, P, and Cl) improved when using the SAOP potential

Characterization of myocardial deformation in patients with different etiologies of left ventricular hypertrophy by using strain distribution from Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introducción y objetivos. Se ha señalado que, en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH), la desorganización de las fibras regionales da lugar a segmentos en los que la deformación es nula o está gravemente reducida, y que estos segmentos tienen una distribución no uniforme en el ventrículo izquierdo (VI). Esto contrasta con lo observado en otros tipos de hipertrofia como en el corazón de atleta o la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda hipertensiva (HVI-HT), en los que puede haber una deformación cardiaca anormal, pero nunca tan reducida como para que se observe ausencia de deformación. Así pues, proponemos el empleo de la distribución de los valores de strain para estudiar la deformación en la MCH. Métodos. Con el empleo de resonancia magnética marcada (tagged), reconstruimos la deformación sistólica del VI de 12 sujetos de control, 10 atletas, 12 pacientes con MCH y 10 pacientes con HVI-HT. La deformación se cuantificó con un algoritmo de registro no rígido y determinando los valores de strain sistólico máximo radial y circunferencial en 16 segmentos del VI. Resultados. Los pacientes con MCH presentaron unos valores medios de strain significativamente inferiores a los de los demás grupos. Sin embargo, aunque la deformación observada en los individuos sanos y en los pacientes con HVI-HT se concentraba alrededor del valor medio, en la MCH coexistían segmentos con contracción normal y segmentos con una deformación nula o significativamente reducida, con lo que se producía una mayor heterogeneidad de los valores de strain. Se observaron también algunos segmentos sin deformación incluso en ausencia de fibrosis o hipertrofia. Conclusiones. La distribución de strain caracteriza los patrones específicos de deformación miocárdica en pacientes con diferentes etiologías de la HVI. Los pacientes con MCH presentaron un valor medio de strain significativamente inferior, así como una mayor heterogeneidad de strain (en comparación con los controles, los atletas y los pacientes con HVI-HT), y tenían regiones sin deformación.

Prime Property Institutions for a Subprime Era: Exploring Innovative Models of Residential Development and Finance

This paper breaks new ground toward contractual and institutional innovation in models of homeownership, equity building, and mortgage enforcement. Inspired by recent developments in the affordable housing sector and in other types of public financing schemes, this paper suggests extending institutional and financial strategies such as timeand place-based division of property rights, conditional subsidies, and credit mediation to alleviate the systemic risks of mortgage foreclosure. Alongside a for-profit shared equity scheme that would be led by local governments, we also outline a private market shared equity model, one of bootstrapping home buying with purchase options.

Intellectual property rights and efficient firm organization

I show that intellectual property rights yield static efficiency gains, irrespective oftheir dynamic role in fostering innovation. I develop a property-rights model of firmorganization with two dimensions of non-contractible investment. In equilibrium, thefirst best is attained if and only if ownership of tangible and intangible assets is equallyprotected. If IP rights are weaker, firm structure is distorted and efficiency declines:the entrepreneur must either integrate her suppliers, which prompts a decline in theirinvestment; or else risk their defection, which entails a waste of her human capital. Mymodel predicts greater prevalence of vertical integration where IP rights are weaker,and a switch from integration to outsourcing over the product cycle. Both empiricalpredictions are consistent with evidence on multinational companies. As a normativeimplication, I find that IP rights should be strong but narrowly defined, to protect abusiness without holding up its potential spin-offs.