The New EU’s External Action: A significant step forward towards the EU’s single voice?ction problems and rhetorical action

The aim of this paper is to analyse the main agreements on the EU’s External Action agreed within the European Convention and the IGC taking into account why, how and who reached the consensus on them. In other words, this paper will explore the principles followed in order to improve the instruments of the EU’s External Action such as authority, coherence, visibility, efficiency and credibility.

Structural Insight into the Mode of Action of a Direct Inhibitor of Coregulator Binding to the Thyroid Hormone Receptor.

The development of nuclear hormone receptor antagonists that directly inhibit the association of the receptor with its essential coactivators would allow useful manipulation of nuclear hormone receptor signaling. We previously identified 3-(dibutylamino)-1-(4-hexylphenyl)-propan-1-one (DHPPA), an aromatic β-amino ketone that inhibits coactivator recruitment to thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), in a high-throughput screen. Initial evidence suggested that the aromatic β-enone 1-(4-hexylphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (HPPE), which alkylates a specific cysteine residue on the TRβ surface, is liberated from DHPPA. Nevertheless, aspects of the mechanism and specificity of action of DHPPA remained unclear. Here, we report an x-ray structure of TRβ with the inhibitor HPPE at 2.3-Å resolution. Unreacted HPPE is located at the interface that normally mediates binding between TRβ and its coactivator. Several lines of evidence, including experiments with TRβ mutants and mass spectroscopic analysis, showed that HPPE specifically alkylates cysteine residue 298 of TRβ, which is located near the activation function-2 pocket. We propose that this covalent adduct formation proceeds through a two-step mechanism: 1) β-elimination to form HPPE; and 2) a covalent bond slowly forms between HPPE and TRβ. DHPPA represents a novel class of potent TRβ antagonist, and its crystal structure suggests new ways to design antagonists that target the assembly of nuclear hormone receptor gene-regulatory complexes and block transcription.

Structural Insight into the Mode of Action of a Direct Inhibitor of Coregulator Binding to the Thyroid Hormone Receptor.

The development of nuclear hormone receptor antagonists that directly inhibit the association of the receptor with its essential coactivators would allow useful manipulation of nuclear hormone receptor signaling. We previously identified 3-(dibutylamino)-1-(4-hexylphenyl)-propan-1-one (DHPPA), an aromatic β-amino ketone that inhibits coactivator recruitment to thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), in a high-throughput screen. Initial evidence suggested that the aromatic β-enone 1-(4-hexylphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (HPPE), which alkylates a specific cysteine residue on the TRβ surface, is liberated from DHPPA. Nevertheless, aspects of the mechanism and specificity of action of DHPPA remained unclear. Here, we report an x-ray structure of TRβ with the inhibitor HPPE at 2.3-Å resolution. Unreacted HPPE is located at the interface that normally mediates binding between TRβ and its coactivator. Several lines of evidence, including experiments with TRβ mutants and mass spectroscopic analysis, showed that HPPE specifically alkylates cysteine residue 298 of TRβ, which is located near the activation function-2 pocket. We propose that this covalent adduct formation proceeds through a two-step mechanism: 1) β-elimination to form HPPE; and 2) a covalent bond slowly forms between HPPE and TRβ. DHPPA represents a novel class of potent TRβ antagonist, and its crystal structure suggests new ways to design antagonists that target the assembly of nuclear hormone receptor gene-regulatory complexes and block transcription.

Does affirmative action reduce effort incentives? A contest game analysis

In this paper a contest game with heterogeneous players is analyzed in which heterogeneity could be the consequence of past discrimination. Based on the normative perception of the heterogeneity there are two policy options to tackle this heterogeneity: either it is ignored and the contestants are treated equally, or affirmative action is implemented which compensates discriminated players. The consequences of these two policy options are analyzed for a simple two-person contest game and it is shown that the frequently criticized trade-off between affirmative action and total effort does not exist: Instead, affirmative action fosters effort incentives. A generalization to the n-person case and to a case with a partially informed contest designer yields the same result if the participation level is similar under each policy.

Leadership in collective action

We extend the model of collective action in which groups compete for a budged by endogenizing the group platform, namely the specific mixture of public/private good and the distribution of the private good to group members which can be uniform or performance-based. While the group-optimal platform contains a degree of publicness that increases in group size and divides the private benefits uniformly, a success-maximizing leader uses incentives and distorts the platform towards more private benefits - a distortion that increases with group size. In both settings we obtain the anti-Olson type result that win probability increases with group size.

Destruction of invariant curves in the restricted circular planar three body problem using comparison of action

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

Visualització dinàmica d'un procés metabòlic amb finalitats docents

La incorporació del Moodle com a eina de docència, i l’augment de hores no presencials a les diverses assignatures fa que calgui incorporar les noves tecnologies perquè els alumnes disposin de més material docent al seu abast. Però l’acumulació de material fa que només sigui útil aquell material que es guanyi a l’alumne. En aquest sentit, creiem que les animacions i les eines interactives poden ser materials atractius pels alumnes. En aquest projecte hem creat una eina d’animació interactiva perquè l’estudiant de Bioquímica practiqui i aprengui una de les rutes metabòliques principals: la glucòlisi. Aquesta eina consta d’una pantalla separada en 3 zones: 1) una zona lateral que inclou la ruta metabòlica completa, i en la que l’alumne pot prémer sobre cada un dels passos que estructuren la ruta (finestra del metabolisme); 2) una zona inferior que presenta la reacció individual de la ruta metabòlica, en la que s’observa l’estructura química de les molècules i informació de l’enzim implicat en la reacció (finestra de l’enzim); i 3) una zona central en la que a través d’una animació amb Macromedia Flash MX, l’alumne observa el mecanisme químic de la reacció (finestra del mecanisme químic). Les tres zones són interactives i en prémer sobre elles donen informació, respectivament sobre la ruta completa, l’enzim de cada pas en particular i el mecanisme d’acció. A més, la finestra del mecanisme químic permet aturar en qualsevol moment la animació, tornar enrere i veure els intermediaris. Durant el segon semestre del curs 2006-2007 hem avaluat l’eina amb alumnes de Bioquímica de la Llicenciatura de Química, incorporant-la als dossier electrònics. Creiem que hem assolit els objectius que es proposaven: aprendre una ruta metabòlica, de manera divertida; aprendre el mecanisme de cada un dels passos de la ruta i aprendre l’estructura química dels metabòlits intermediaris de la ruta.

Animació de les rutes glucolítica i gluconeogènica : una eina no presencial per a aprendre de manera amena

La incorporació del Moodle com a eina de docència, i l’augment de hores no presencials a les diverses assignatures fa que calgui incorporar les noves tecnologies perquè els alumnes disposin de més material docent al seu abast. Però l’acumulació de material fa que només sigui útil aquell material que es guanyi a l’alumne. En aquest sentit, creiem que les animacions i les eines interactives poden ser materials atractius pels alumnes. En aquest projecte hem creat una eina d’animació interactiva perquè l’estudiant de Bioquímica practiqui i aprengui dues rutes principals del metabolisme de hidrats de carboni: la glucòlisi i la gluconeogènesi. Aquesta eina consta d’una pantalla separada en 3 zones: 1) una zona lateral que inclou la ruta metabòlica completa, i en la que l’alumne pot prémer sobre cada un dels passos que estructuren la ruta (finestra del metabolisme); 2) una zona inferior que presenta la reacció individual de la ruta metabòlica, en la que s’observa l’estructura química de les molècules i informació de l’enzim implicat en la reacció (finestra de l’enzim); i 3) una zona central en la que a través d’una animació amb Macromedia Flash MX, l’alumne observa el mecanisme químic de la reacció (finestra del mecanisme químic). Les tres zones són interactives i en prémer sobre elles donen informació, respectivament sobre la ruta completa, l’enzim de cada pas en particular i el mecanisme d’acció. A més, la finestra del mecanisme químic permet aturar en qualsevol moment la animació, tornar enrere i veure els intermediaris. Durant el segon semestre del curs 2007-2008 hem avaluat l’eina amb alumnes de Bioquímica de la Llicenciatura de Química, incorporant-la als dossier electrònics i al Moodle. Creiem que hem assolit els objectius que es proposaven: que l’alumne aprengui les dues rutes metabòliques, de manera divertida; el mecanisme de cada un dels passos de les rutes i l’estructura química dels metabòlits intermediaris de les rutes.

Probiotic microorganisms: 100 years of innovation and efficacy. Modes of action

AbstractArticle StructureFigures and TablesReferences Benefits from probiotic micro-organisms have been recognised for over 100 years, and as being useful in poultry for 50 years. Fuller (1989) redefined probiotics as ‘a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance’. Benefits derived from this improved intestinal microbial balance could be reflected in performance or prevention of pathogen colonisation. Probiotic micro-organisms use in poultry production has been widely accepted and new opportunities arose from the 2006 EU ban on antimicrobial growth promoters. The majority of microbial products for compound feeds are made up from a relatively small number of micro-organisms that are normally present in the GI tract. They include non-sporulated bacteria, sporulated bacteria, fungi or yeasts; and presented from single to multi-strain products. A review on the proposed modes of action is presented including recent approaches to quorum sensing interference

Family-based affirmative action? Subversion and resilience strategies of gay father families

The present doctoral dissertation is aimed at analyzing how and with what consequences gay father families and their children’s schools negotiate possible differences in the construction of family and gender at home and in the families’ social milieus. This objective fits in with the broader goal of researching how family-school interactons are influenced by the social context such as hegemonic masculinity (Connell, 2002). The thesis is based on qualitative fieldwork carried out with 18 nonheterosexual parent families in Spain, comprising 30 interviews with 44 people. The principal participant group were 14 de novo (adoptive and surrogacy) gay father families with resident preadolescent children. The findings revealed that all the de novo families assumed open communication strategies at school with inclusive consequences: apart from incidental questions and reactions of surprise, the children did not suffer homophobic bullying. The analisis showed that the necessary condition for inclusion was not the open communication but rather illocutionary orientation (Habermas, 1984; Soler & Flecha, 2010), understood as the parents’ sensitivity to the attitudes of their children and schools. The schools received the families in an inclusive manner, which, however, was only receptive and not proactive, therefore some of the families (reconstituted ones), coerced by the social context, got excluded. Gender relations at home were predominantly androgynous, and outside home predominantly traditional, yet the children negotiated this difference with inclusive consequences. They participated in hegemonic collective practices, thus confirming the thesis on the similarity between homo- and heterosexual-parent families (Golombok, 2006). Consistently, also the families’ identity politics was “assimilationist” and non-queer. Admittedly, the analisis showed that such a politics was increased by social expectations. Still, the findings suggest that educational and other family policies should draw on broad agendas of gender and family diversity rather than on the politics of difference and the unique status of LGB families.

Action Research : the first steps to start up a pilot experiment in heritage education

Peer-reviewed

Enhancing fault management performance of two-step QoS routing algorithms in GMPLS networks

In this paper a novel methodology aimed at minimizing the probability of network failure and the failure impact (in terms of QoS degradation) while optimizing the resource consumption is introduced. A detailed study of MPLS recovery techniques and their GMPLS extensions are also presented. In this scenario, some features for reducing the failure impact and offering minimum failure probabilities at the same time are also analyzed. Novel two-step routing algorithms using this methodology are proposed. Results show that these methods offer high protection levels with optimal resource consumption

Policy gradient based Reinforcement Learning for real autonomous underwater cable tracking

This paper proposes a field application of a high-level reinforcement learning (RL) control system for solving the action selection problem of an autonomous robot in cable tracking task. The learning system is characterized by using a direct policy search method for learning the internal state/action mapping. Policy only algorithms may suffer from long convergence times when dealing with real robotics. In order to speed up the process, the learning phase has been carried out in a simulated environment and, in a second step, the policy has been transferred and tested successfully on a real robot. Future steps plan to continue the learning process on-line while on the real robot while performing the mentioned task. We demonstrate its feasibility with real experiments on the underwater robot ICTINEU AUV

Perspectives on the green construction of the new European Energy Policy

The EU has been one of the main actors involved in the construction process of an international climate change regime, adopting it as an identity sign in the international arena. This activism has reverted in the European political agenda and in the one of its Members States. Therefore, climate change has become a driver for the EU growing participation in energy policy and for its governance evolution. In this context, much attention has been paid to the climate and energy policies integration agreed after the 2007 spring European Council. Apparently, this decision meant a decisive step towards the incorporation of the environmental variable in the energy policy-making. Moreover, the Action Plan [2007-2009] “Energy Policy for Europe” outlined priority actions in a variety of energy-related areas, implying the new European Energy Policy commencement. Against this background, there is still much left to understand about its formulation and its further development. Rooted on the Environmental Policy Integration approach, this paper traces the increasing proximity between environment and energy policies in order to understand the green contribution to the European Energy Policy construction.

The Decision on Turkish EU accession in December 2002: The logic of anarchy, collective action problems and rhetorical action

Studies of the EU accession of the East and Central European Countries have stressed the importance of neo-liberal institutionalism as an explanation for Member State preferences. In this paper it is argued that Member States’ preferences over Turkish EU accession are better explained by power politics and neo-realism. It seems therefore that Turkey’s way to the EU follows another path than the East and Central Countries. Turkish accession raises the question of the EU’s role in a uni-polar world order – whether the EU should develop into an independent actor on the world stage or not. However, when it comes to the interaction among the Member States in order to decide on when to open accession negotiations with Turkey the constitutive values of the EU seriously modify the outcome that pure power politics would have let to.