Modelling of bird distribution under complex mediterranean landscape dynamics: open habitat birds and fire (MEDFIRE)

Report for the scientific sojourn at the Simon Fraser University, Canada, from July to September 2007. General context: landscape change during the last years is having significant impacts on biodiversity in many Mediterranean areas. Land abandonment, urbanisation and specially fire are profoundly transforming large areas in the Western Mediterranean basin and we know little on how these changes influence species distribution and in particular how these species will respond to further change in a context of global change including climate. General objectives: integrate landscape and population dynamics models in a platform allowing capturing species distribution responses to landscape changes and assessing impact on species distribution of different scenarios of further change. Specific objective 1: develop a landscape dynamic model capturing fire and forest succession dynamics in Catalonia and linked to a stochastic landscape occupancy (SLOM) (or spatially explicit population, SEPM) model for the Ortolan bunting, a species strongly linked to fire related habitat in the region. Predictions from the occupancy or spatially explicit population Ortolan bunting model (SEPM) should be evaluated using data from the DINDIS database. This database tracks bird colonisation of recently burnt big areas (&50 ha). Through a number of different SEPM scenarios with different values for a number of parameter, we should be able to assess different hypothesis in factors driving bird colonisation in new burnt patches. These factors to be mainly, landscape context (i.e. difficulty to reach the patch, and potential presence of coloniser sources), dispersal constraints, type of regenerating vegetation after fire, and species characteristics (niche breadth, etc).

Dynamic modelling of an underwater vehicle

Nessie is an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) created by a team of students in the Heriot Watt University to compete in the Student Autonomous Underwater Competition, Europe (SAUC-E) in August 2006. The main objective of the project is to find the dynamic equation of the robot, dynamic model. With it, the behaviour of the robot will be easier to understand and movement tests will be available by computer without the need of the robot, what is a way to save time, batteries, money and the robot from water inside itself. The object of the second part in this project is setting a control system for Nessie by using the model

Multifunctional ligands for application in Alzheimer’s Disease: molecular modelling and biological evaluation

Projecte de recerca elaborat a partir d’una estada a la University of British Columbia, Canadà, entre 2010 i 2012 La malaltia d'Alzheimer (MA) representa avui la forma més comuna de demència en la població envellida. Malgrat fa 100 anys que va ser descoberta, encara avui no existeix cap tractament preventiu i/o curatiu ni cap agent de diagnòstic que permeti valorar quantitativament l'evolució d'aquesta malaltia. L'objectiu en el que s'emmarca aquest treball és contribuir a aportar solucions al problema de la manca d'agents terapèutics i de diagnosi, unívocs i rigorosos, per a la MA. Des del camp de la química bioinorgànica és fàcil fixar-se en l'excessiva concentració d'ions Zn(II) i Cu(II) en els cervells de malalts de MA, plantejar-se la seva utilització com a dianes terapèutica i, en conseqüència, cercar agents quelants que evitin la formació de plaques senils o contribueixin a la seva dissolució. Si bé aquest va ser el punt de partida d’aquest projecte, els múltiples factors implicats en la patogènesi de la MA fan que el clàssic paradigma d’ ¨una molècula, una diana¨ limiti la capacitat de la molècula de combatre aquesta malaltia tan complexa. Per tant, un esforç considerable s’ha dedicat al disseny d’agentsmultifuncionals que combatin els múltiples factors que caracteritzen el desenvolupament de la MA. En el present treball s’han dissenyat agents multifuncionals inspirats en dos esquelets moleculars ben establers i coneguts en el camp de la química medicinal: la tioflavina-T (ThT) i la deferiprona (DFP). La utilització de tècniques in silico que inclouen càlculs farmacocinètics i modelatge molecular ha estat un procés cabdal per a l’avaluació dels millors candidats en base als següents requeriments: (a) compliment de determinades propietats farmacocinètiques que estableixin el seu possible ús com a fàrmac (b) hidrofobicitat adequada per travessar la BBB i (c) interacció amb el pèptid Aen solució.

Predicting overall service quality: a structural equation modelling approach

In this article, the results of a modified SERVQUAL questionnaire (Parasuraman et al., 1991) are reported. The modifications consisted in substituting questionnaire items particularly suited to a specific service (banking) and context (county of Girona, Spain) for the original rather general and abstract items. These modifications led to more interpretable factors which accounted for a higher percentage of item variance. The data were submitted to various structural equation models which made it possible to conclude that the questionnaire contains items with a high measurement quality with respect to five identified dimensions of service quality which differ from those specified by Parasuraman et al. And are specific to the banking service. The two dimensions relating to the behaviour of employees have the greatest predictive power on overall quality and satisfaction ratings, which enables managers to use a low-cost reduced version of the questionnaire to monitor quality on a regular basis. It was also found that satisfaction and overall quality were perfectly correlated thus showing that customers do not perceive these concepts as being distinct

External sources of innovation and industry-university interaction:evidence from Spanish firms

This paper is about the firm innovation process and the cooperation of the innovative firms with other firms and public institutions. A special attention is paid to the cooperation with universities. We use the Technological Innovation Survey (TIS) from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) in order to obtain data for 4,159 innovative firms. Our results show that firm's cooperation activities are closely linked to the characteristics of the industry and the firm as well as to the origin of public funds for R&D activities. Key words: Innovation, universities, Spanish economy. JEL code: O31, I20, L60

Sabbatical stay at CREVER, University Rovira i Virgili

A three-year research proposal of international impact and quality was developed between the author and CREVER researchers, taking into account the infrastructure and research lines already being carried out at CREVER. The project is related to the study of new mixtures in thermal activated systems, by the addition of a third component to help the heat transfer processes. The project proposes the use of water and lithium nitrate as absorbents in ternary ammonia mixtures, varying the concentration with the objective of optimising the mixture for solar air conditioning purposes. Also, the research proposal will promote an intensive collaboration in the following years between CREVER and The Centro de Investigación en Energía-UNAM, Mexico.

Not all university degrees yield the same return: private and social returns to higher education for males in Spain

In this paper we use micro data from the Spanish Family Expenditure Survey for 1990 to estimate, for the first time, the private and social rates of return of different university degrees in Spain. We compute internal rates of return and include investment on higher education financed by the public purse to estimate social rates of return. Our main finding is that, as presumed, there is large heterogeneity in rates of return amongst different university

Memòria: estada a London South Bank University (Regne Unit)

Investigación producida a partir de una estancia en la London South Bank University, Reino Unido, entre los meses de setiembre y diciembre del 2005. Se estudia el trabajo sexual en el Reino Unido desde tres perspectivas diferentes. Por una parte, se trata la historia del feminismo anglosajón respecto a sus visiones sobre la prostitución, desde una aproximación a las fuentes. Por otra parte, se plantea la situación jurídico-política. Finalmente, se presenta brevemente a las principales entidades que dan apoyo al colectivo de trabajadoras del sexo en la ciudad de Londres.

Technological trampolines for new venture creation in Catalonia: the case of the University of Girona

Recent trends in technology transfer show an intensification of spin-off creation as a modality of university research commercialisation, complementary to the conventional ones, contract research and licensing. In this paper we analyse the evolution, objectives, resources and activities of a specialised unit –Technological Trampoline (TT) - in charge of new venture creation at the University of Girona (Catalonia-Spain). Based on two theoretical frameworks, Resource-based-view and Institutional Theory, we adopt a multi-dimensional approach to study the strategy of spinning-off new ventures at the University of Girona in terms of resources and activities, how this process is organised and if the outputs fit with this UdG’s objectives and the local environment. Our main contribution is an in-depth analysis of the spin-off creation unit with special emphasis on its variety of resources and activities. The results have a series of implications and recommendations at both university and TT level.

Model-based diagnosis system: application to constructed wetlands

Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the Model-based Systems and Qualitative Reasoning Group (Technical University of Munich), from September until December 2005. Constructed wetlands (CWs), or modified natural wetlands, are used all over the world as wastewater treatment systems for small communities because they can provide high treatment efficiency with low energy consumption and low construction, operation and maintenance costs. Their treatment process is very complex because it includes physical, chemical and biological mechanisms like microorganism oxidation, microorganism reduction, filtration, sedimentation and chemical precipitation. Besides, these processes can be influenced by different factors. In order to guarantee the performance of CWs, an operation and maintenance program must be defined for each Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The main objective of this project is to provide a computer support to the definition of the most appropriate operation and maintenance protocols to guarantee the correct performance of CWs. To reach them, the definition of models which represent the knowledge about CW has been proposed: components involved in the sanitation process, relation among these units and processes to remove pollutants. Horizontal Subsurface Flow CWs are chosen as a case study and the filtration process is selected as first modelling-process application. However, the goal is to represent the process knowledge in such a way that it can be reused for other types of WWTP.

Locations and Relocations:Modelling, Determinants, and Interrelations

Empirical studies on industrial location do not typically distinguish between new and relocated establishments. This paper addresses this shortcoming using data on the frequency of these events in municipalities of the same economic-administrative region. This enables us to test not only for differences in their determinants but also for interrelations between start-ups and relocations. Estimates from count regression models for cross-section and panel data show that, although partial effects differ, common patterns arise in “institutional” and “neoclassical” explanatory factors. Also, start-ups and relocations are positive but asymmetrically related. JEL classification: C25, R30, R10. Keywords: cities, count data models, industrial location

Individual-based modelling of bacterial cultures to study the lag ohase

Els bacteris són la forma dominant de vida del planeta: poden sobreviure en medis molt adversos, i en alguns casos poden generar substàncies que quan les ingerim ens són tòxiques. La seva presència en els aliments fa que la microbiologia predictiva sigui un camp imprescindible en la microbiologia dels aliments per garantir la seguretat alimentària. Un cultiu bacterià pot passar per quatre fases de creixement: latència, exponencial, estacionària i de mort. En aquest treball s’ha avançat en la comprensió dels fenòmens intrínsecs a la fase de latència, que és de gran interès en l’àmbit de la microbiologia predictiva. Aquest estudi, realitzat al llarg de quatre anys, s’ha abordat des de la metodologia Individual-based Modelling (IbM) amb el simulador INDISIM (INDividual DIScrete SIMulation), que ha estat millorat per poder fer-ho. INDISIM ha permès estudiar dues causes de la fase de latència de forma separada, i abordar l’estudi del comportament del cultiu des d’una perspectiva mesoscòpica. S’ha vist que la fase de latència ha de ser estudiada com un procés dinàmic, i no definida per un paràmetre. L’estudi de l’evolució de variables com la distribució de propietats individuals entre la població (per exemple, la distribució de masses) o la velocitat de creixement, han permès distingir dues etapes en la fase de latència, inicial i de transició, i aprofundir en la comprensió del que passa a nivell cel•lular. S’han observat experimentalment amb citometria de flux diversos resultats previstos per les simulacions. La coincidència entre simulacions i experiments no és trivial ni casual: el sistema estudiat és un sistema complex, i per tant la coincidència del comportament al llarg del temps de diversos paràmetres interrelacionats és un aval a la metodologia emprada en les simulacions. Es pot afirmar, doncs, que s’ha verificat experimentalment la bondat de la metodologia INDISIM.

Tot repensant els serveis bibliogràfics a la University of California

Informe d'un Grup de Treball sobre Serveis Bibliogràfics de la University of California que presenta un seguit de recomanacions sobre els canvis que aquests serveis haurien d'implementar per millorar les seves prestacions. Els autors posen de manifest el desfasament que pateixen bona part dels serveis bibliotecaris actuals davant les prestacions que ofereixen portals com Amazon o Google. Les recomanacions s'estructuren en quatre apartats: millorar la cerca i la recuperació, redissenyar l'OPAC, adoptar noves pràctiques catalogràfiques i donar suport a la millora continua. L'informe finalitza amb l'enumeració d'una seixantena de possibles actuacions addicionals que també es van considerar i les raons per les quals finalment es van descartar.

Memòria justificativa del treball realitzat durant l'estada a la University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)

Projecte de recerca elaborat a partir d’una estada a la Graduate School of Education and Information Studies (GSEIS) de la University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Estats Units, entre gener i juny del 2007. En el context d’elaboració d’una futura tesi doctoral sobre la metodologia comunicativa crítica i la interacció persona-ordinador, la intenció ha estat aprofundir des d'una perspectiva internacional. La GSEIS i la UCLA en general conta amb innumerables recursos bibliogràfics així com amb professorat de reconegut prestigi internacional en la recerca vinculada a la barreja de temes com l'educació, la inclusió i la transformació social, la Comunicació, les TIC i el disseny de la Interacció Persona Ordinador; integració de disciplines en la que es mou la meva tesi doctoral. La possibilitat d'accedir a la Young Research Library, així com l'assistència a diverses conferències relacionades amb el meu àmbit d'estudi, la celebració de diverses tutories amb professorat de la GSEIS i d'altres departaments de la UCLA, i la invitació a participar del seminari de doctorat del professor Douglas Kellner, han contribuït de forma remarcable al meu projecte amb: aportacions de la literatura internacional i nombrosos exemples de bones pràctiques de projectes vinculats al Participatory Design com a metodologia en si mateixa desvinculada del Disseny Centrat en l'Usuari, un dels aspectes centrals de la meva tesi. Amb tot això vaig poder reforçar i desenvolupar quatre dels capítols de la meva dissertació, concretament els relacionats amb el context social i metodològic, i els que presenten el disseny de la Interacció Persona ordinador des d'un enfocament general així com el que es centra en el Disseny participatiu i les seves vinculacions amb la metodologia comunicativa crítica.

Analog Modelling of N-S anticlines of the External Sierras (Jaca basin, Southern Pyrenees)

Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the Uppsala Universitet, Sweden, from April to July the 2007. Two series of analogue models are used to explore ductile-frictional contrasts of the basal décollement in the development of oblique and transverse structures simultaneously to thin-skinned shortening. These models simulate the evolution of the Central External Sierras (Southern Pyrenees, Spain), which constitute the frontal emerging part of the southernmost Pyrenean thrust sheet. They are characterized by the presence of transverse N-S to NW-SE anticlines, which are perpendicular to the Pyrenean structural trend and developed in the hangingwall of the Santo Domingo thrust system, detaching on an unevenly distributed Triassic materials (evaporitic-dolomitic interfingerings). Model setup performs a décollement made by three patches of silicone neighbouring pure brittle sand. Model series A test the thickness ratio between overburden and décollement. Model series B test the width of frictional detachment areas. Model results show how deformation reaches further in areas detached on ductile layer whereas frictional décollement areas assimilate the strain by means of an additional uplift. This replicates the structural style of Central External Sierras: higher structural relief of N-S anticlines with regard to orogen-parallel structures, absence of a representative ductile décollement in the core, tilting towards the orogen and foreland-side closure not thrusted by the frontal emerging South-Pyrenean thrust.