Candidiasis Peritoneal: prevalença i factors de risc. Estudi preliminar

Introducció: Un cultiu positiu de líquid peritoneal per a Càndida spp amb clínica associada, és diagnòstic de Candidiasis Peritoneal (CP). Objetius: L’objectiu primari és coneixer la prevalença de CP. Com objectius secundaris coneixer els possibles factors de risc. Tipus d’estudi: Prospectiu, observacional. Mètodes: S’agafa una mostra de 74 pacients amb diagnòstic de peritonitis (2007-2010). Durant la cirugía s’aspira líquid peritoneal lliure i és conrea. Resultats i conclusions: La prevalença va ser del 17.6% (46.15% C. albicans). L’ afectació del tracte gastro-intestinal-superior (OR 6.554) i l’aparició de fallada cardio-vascular durant la cirugia (OR 5.827), són factors de risc per a desenvolupar-la. És estudi preliminar.

Estudio de parámetros gasométricos en sangre pre y post oclusión en el ictus agudo isquemico

Durante los procedimientos endovasculares en el ictus isquémico la información per-procedimiento del daño cerebral ayudaría a tomar decisiones sobre intentar la recanalización arterial. Métodos Se estudiaron parámetros gasométricos de sangre extraída durante los procedimientos endovasculares de recanalización. Se obtuvieron muestras proximal y distal a la oclusión. Un estudio gasométrico se realizo inmediatamente. Resultados El estudio mostró diferencias significativas entre las muestras pre-oclusión y postoclusión en la presión parcial de oxígeno (PaO2Pre78,9±16.3mmHgVs73.4±14.9 mmHg,p&0,001). Una curva ROC determinó que una Post-PaO2&70 mmHg predice mejoría clínica. Los pacientes con post-PaO2&70mmHg tuvieron mejor autonomía (medianaMRS:3Vs.6, p=0,024). En el análisis multivariante el único predictor independiente de mejoría clínica fue la Post-PaO2&70(OR:5,21IC95%:1.38-67.24,p=0,013). Conclusión Es posible la obtención de muestras de sangre del tejido lesionado distal a la oclusión. La información puede ser utilizada para predecir evolución clínica y en las decisiones durante el procedimiento.

Número de ciclos cortos necesarios para inducir la diapausa en huevos y larvas de Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre)

Se sometieron huevos de Sesamia nonagrioides (LEFEBVRE) durante su desarrollo embrionario a fotoperiodo corto 12:12 (L:O) y posteriormente a fotoperiodos 16:8 y 0:24, sin observar que se hubiera inducido diapausa en ellos. Las larvas neonatas sometidas a 1, 2, 3, 4 ó 5 ciclos cortos (12:12) no manifestaron diferencias en la duración del desarrollo respecto de las larvas sometidas a fotoperiodo 16:8 y por tanto no manifestaron diapausa. Las diferencias de desarrollo se manifestaron cuando las larvas neonatas se sometieron a 8 ó más ciclos cortos (12:12), por lo tanto, fueron necesarios 8 ó mas ciclos cortos para inducir la diapausa en las larvas neonatas.

Sociodemographic Factors and Clinical Conditions Associated to Hospitalization in Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infected Patients in Spain, 2009-2010

The emergence and pandemic spread of a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009 resulted in a serious alarm in clinical and public health services all over the world. One distinguishing feature of this new influenza pandemic was the different profile of hospitalized patients compared to those from traditional seasonal influenza infections. Our goal was to analyze sociodemographic and clinical factors associated to hospitalization following infection by influenza A(H1N1) virus. We report the results of a Spanish nationwide study with laboratory confirmed infection by the new pandemic virus in a case-control design based on hospitalized patients. The main risk factors for hospitalization of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were determined to be obesity (BMI≥40, with an odds-ratio [OR] 14.27), hematological neoplasia (OR 10.71), chronic heart disease, COPD (OR 5.16) and neurological disease, among the clinical conditions, whereas low education level and some ethnic backgrounds (Gypsies and Amerinds) were the sociodemographic variables found associated to hospitalization. The presence of any clinical condition of moderate risk almost triples the risk of hospitalization (OR 2.88) and high risk conditions raise this value markedly (OR 6.43). The risk of hospitalization increased proportionally when for two (OR 2.08) or for three or more (OR 4.86) risk factors were simultaneously present in the same patient. These findings should be considered when a new influenza virus appears in the human population.

Implicación del patrón radiológico en el pronóstico de los tumores oligodendrogliales: correlación con el perfil genético

Introducción. La codeleción 1p19q (LOH1p19q) confiere a los tumores oligodendrogliales quimiosensibilidad y un mejor pronóstico en relación con otros gliomas. La investigación dirigida a identificar características radiológicas asociadas a LOH1p19q ha despertado gran interés en los últimos años. Objetivos. Confirmar la existencia de heterogeneidad regional de los parámetros moleculares en los gliomas oligodendrogliales, valorar la asociación entre el perfil genético y determinadas características radiológicas y clínicas, y analizar el valor pronóstico de éstas. Pacientes y métodos. Se incluyeron 54 pacientes tratados según un protocolo preestablecido común. Se valoraron las secuencias T1, con/sin gadolinio, y T2 de la resonancia magnética preoperatoria a ciegas de la información molecular y clínica. El análisis de LOH se efectuó sobre muestras pareadas de ADN tumoral y genómico. Resultados. La presencia de LOH1p se halló fuertemente asociada a LOH19q (p < 0,0001). LOH1p19q resultó más frecuente en los tumores situados en el lóbulo frontal (odds ratio, OR = 5,38; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC 95% = 1,51-19,13; p = 0,007) y sin necrosis radiológica (OR = 0,17; IC 95% = 0,03-0,80; p = 0,02). La localización frontal (riesgo relativo, RR = 4,499; IC 95% = 1,027-193,708; p = 0,046), la necrosis radiológica (RR = 0,213; IC 95% = 0,065-0,700; p = 0,011) y el grado de resección (RR = 9,231; IC 95% = 1,737-49,050; p = 0,009) resultaron factores pronósticos independientes de supervivencia global. Conclusiones. En los tumores oligodendrogliales, además del análisis histológico y el estudio genético-molecular, la valoración de determinadas características radiológicas puede resultar de gran utilidad para definir subgrupos de pacientes con pronóstico y respuesta al tratamiento similares. Los esfuerzos deben dirigirse, por tanto, hacia la utilización combinada de todos los recursos disponibles en cada centro.

Sociodemographic Factors and Clinical Conditions Associated to Hospitalization in Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infected Patients in Spain, 2009-2010

The emergence and pandemic spread of a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009 resulted in a serious alarm in clinical and public health services all over the world. One distinguishing feature of this new influenza pandemic was the different profile of hospitalized patients compared to those from traditional seasonal influenza infections. Our goal was to analyze sociodemographic and clinical factors associated to hospitalization following infection by influenza A(H1N1) virus. We report the results of a Spanish nationwide study with laboratory confirmed infection by the new pandemic virus in a case-control design based on hospitalized patients. The main risk factors for hospitalization of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were determined to be obesity (BMI≥40, with an odds-ratio [OR] 14.27), hematological neoplasia (OR 10.71), chronic heart disease, COPD (OR 5.16) and neurological disease, among the clinical conditions, whereas low education level and some ethnic backgrounds (Gypsies and Amerinds) were the sociodemographic variables found associated to hospitalization. The presence of any clinical condition of moderate risk almost triples the risk of hospitalization (OR 2.88) and high risk conditions raise this value markedly (OR 6.43). The risk of hospitalization increased proportionally when for two (OR 2.08) or for three or more (OR 4.86) risk factors were simultaneously present in the same patient. These findings should be considered when a new influenza virus appears in the human population

Inappropriate prescribing to the oldest old patients admitted to hospital: prevalence, most frequently used medicines, and associated factors

Background: Scientific evidence on treatments of chronic diseases in patients 85 years old or older is very limited, as is available information on inappropriate prescription (IP) and its associated factors. The study aimed to describe medicine prescription, potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) and potentially prescribing omissions (PPO) and their associated factors on this population. Methods: In the context of an observational, prospective and multicentric study carried out in elderly patients admitted to seven Spanish hospitals for a year, a sub-analysis of those aged 85 years and over was performed. To assess PIMs, the Beers and STOPP criteria were used, and to assess PPOs, the START and the ACOVE-3 criteria were used. To assess factors associated with IP, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Patients were selected randomly every week on consecutive days from the hospitalization lists. Results: A total of 336 patients were included in the sub-analysis with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 88 (8690) years. The median medicines taken during the month prior to admission was 10 (713). Forty-seven point two per cent of patients had at least one Beers-listed PIM, 63.3% at least one STOPP-listed PIM, 53.6% at least one START-listed PPO, and 59.4% at least one ACOVE-3-listed PPO. Use of benzodiazepines in patients who are prone to falls (18.3%) and omission of calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with osteoporosis (13.3%) were the most common PIM and PPO, respectively. The main factor associated with the Beers-listed and the STOPP-listed PIM was consumption of 10 or more medicines (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.8-17.9 and OR = 13.4, 95% CI 4.0-44.0, respectively). The main factors associated with the START-listed PPO was a non-community dwelling origin (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), and multimorbidity (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Conclusions: Prescribed medicines and PIM and PPO prevalence were high among patients 85 years and over. Benzodiazepine use in those who are prone to falls and omission of calcium and vitamin D in those with osteoporosis were the most frequent PIM and PPO, respectively. Factors associated with PIM and PPO differed with polypharmacy being the most important factor associated with PIM.

Cosmopolitan justice and minority rights: the case of minority nations (or Kant again, but different)

Global Justice has usually been understood to mean institutional and social justice (political and redistributive issues on a global scale). In contrast, issues involving different national and cultural identities, are usually marginal in reflections on global justice. This occurs despite the fact that human rights include political social and cultural rights. This paper links a conception of global justice, moral cosmopolitanism, with plurinational democracies. After giving a brief description of moral cosmopolitanism I go on to analyse notions of cosmopolitanism and patriotism in Kant's work and the political significance that the notion of "unsocial sociability" and the "Ideas of Pure Reason" of Kant's first Critique have for cosmopolitanism. Finally, I analyse the relationship between cosmopolitanism and minority nations based on the preceding sections. I postulate the need for a moral and institutional refinement of democracies and international society that is better able to accommodate national pluralism than has so far been achieved by traditional liberal constitutionalism and cosmopolitanism