La intolerància racial en el muncipi de Catellbell i el Vilar. Diagnòstic i propostes d'acció

Castellbell i el Vilar és un municipi amb poc més de 3.700 habitants, el qual es troba situat a la comarca del Bages. En aquesta comarca s‟han produït alguns fets i dinàmiques que ens porten la preocupació per un increment de la intolerància racial de les persones autòctones respecte a les immigrades. Tot i que aquestes dinàmiques no s‟han percebut a Castellbell i el Vilar, tenint en compte que hi ha un nombre important de persones immigrades i la influència que poden exercir els successos en municipis veïns, s‟ha cregut oportú fer un treball de recerca sobre la intolerància racial en aquest municipi. L‟objectiu d‟aquest treball, per tant, és proporcionar una aproximació a la situació sobre la intolerància racial en el municipi de Castellbell i el Vilar, esbrinar quines poden ser les seves causes o factors afavoridors d‟aquest sentiment i conèixer les actituds de la població envers la intolerància racial, amb la finalitat de facilitar el disseny d‟un programa d‟intervenció. La complexitat del tema només ens permetrà fer una aproximació a la situació actual, formular algunes hipòtesis sobre les principals causes, i contrastar-la amb les dades i teories relacionades. No obstant això, tenint en compte l‟impacte de la informació a nivell global, es valorarà la influència o “contagi” que podrien provocar les notícies o accions d‟altres municipis de la comarca o d‟altres llocs en el nivell de convivència de Castellbell i el Vilar. El diagnòstic i la comprovació de les hipòtesis sobre les principals causes que contribueixen en la intolerància racial han de permetre identificar la situació actual i pronosticar els diferents escenaris de futur, per poder definir les línies estratègiques i dissenyar propostes d‟acció orientades a la solució o disminució dels problemes detectats i avançar-se a possibles problemes o conflictes futurs.

Long-term effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral theraphy in a cohort of HIV-1 infected patients.

Eligibility criteria might explain differences in viral response to combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) between clinical trials and routine care setting. Prospective analysis including HIV-1 infected patients starting cART between January 2004 and December 2009, at Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron. Effectiveness evaluated as time to treatment failure (TF), defined as virologic failure, loss to follow-up, death or treatment discontinuation whatever the reason other than switching. Effectiveness month 12, 24 and 36 was 82.9%, 78.5% and 76%, respectively. 57 (24.6%) patients presented TF, mainly due to intolerance or toxicity. Higher risk in patients starting before 2006 and those with protease inhibitor based regimen.

Different effects of hyperlipidic diets in human lactation and adulthood: growth versus the development of obesity

After birth, the body shifts from glucose as primary energy substrate to milk-derived fats, with sugars from lactose taking a secondary place. At weaning, glucose recovers its primogeniture and dietary fat role decreases. In spite of human temporary adaptation to a high-fat (and sugars and protein) diet during lactation, the ability to thrive on this type of diet is lost irreversibly after weaning. We could not revert too the lactating period metabolic setting because of different proportions of brain/muscle metabolism in the total energy budget, lower thermogenesis needs and capabilities, and absence of significant growth in adults. A key reason for change was the limited availability of foods with high energy content at weaning and during the whole adult life of our ancestors, which physiological adaptations remain practically unchanged in our present-day bodies. Humans have evolved to survive with relatively poor diets interspersed by bouts of scarcity and abundance. Today diets in many societies are largely made up from choice foods, responding to our deeply ingrained desire for fats, protein, sugars, salt etc. Consequently our diets are not well adjusted to our physiological needs/adaptations but mainly to our tastes (another adaptation to periodic scarcity), and thus are rich in energy roughly comparable to milk. However, most adult humans cannot process the food ingested in excess because our cortical-derived craving overrides the mechanisms controlling appetite. This is produced not because we lack the biochemical mechanisms to use this energy, but because we are unprepared for excess, and wholly adapted to survive scarcity. The thrifty mechanisms compound the effects of excess nutrients and damage the control of energy metabolism, developing a pathologic state. As a consequence, an overflow of energy is generated and the disease of plenty develops.

Identification of metabolites and thermal transformation products of quinolones in raw cow milk by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry

The presence of residues of antibiotics, metabolites, and thermal transformation products (TPs), produced during thermal treatment to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in milk, could represent a risk for people. Cow"s milk samples spiked with enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), difloxacin (DIF), and sarafloxacin (SAR) and milk samples from cows medicated with ENR were submitted to several thermal treatments. The milk samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to find and identify TPs and metabolites. In this work, 27 TPs of 4 quinolones and 24 metabolites of ENR were found. Some of these compounds had been reported previously, but others were characterized for the first time, including lactose-conjugated CIP, the formamidation reaction for CIP and SAR, and hydroxylation or ketone formation to produce three different isomers for all quinolones studied.

Identification of metabolites and thermal transformation products of quinolones in raw cow milk by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry.

The presence of residues of antibiotics, metabolites, and thermal transformation products (TPs), produced during thermal treatment to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in milk, could represent a risk for people. Cow"s milk samples spiked with enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), difloxacin (DIF), and sarafloxacin (SAR) and milk samples from cows medicated with ENR were submitted to several thermal treatments. The milk samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to find and identify TPs and metabolites. In this work, 27 TPs of 4 quinolones and 24 metabolites of ENR were found. Some of these compounds had been reported previously, but others were characterized for the first time, including lactose-conjugated CIP, the formamidation reaction for CIP and SAR, and hydroxylation or ketone formation to produce three different isomers for all quinolones studied.