Chaotic, memory, and cooling rate effects in spin glasses: Evaluation of the Edwards-Anderson model

We investigate chaotic, memory, and cooling rate effects in the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson model by doing thermoremanent (TRM) and ac susceptibility numerical experiments and making a detailed comparison with laboratory experiments on spin glasses. In contrast to the experiments, the Edwards-Anderson model does not show any trace of reinitialization processes in temperature change experiments (TRM or ac). A detailed comparison with ac relaxation experiments in the presence of dc magnetic field or coupling distribution perturbations reveals that the absence of chaotic effects in the Edwards-Anderson model is a consequence of the presence of strong cooling rate effects. We discuss possible solutions to this discrepancy, in particular the smallness of the time scales reached in numerical experiments, but we also question the validity of the Edwards-Anderson model to reproduce the experimental results.

Los 'Ensayos' de Montaigne como proyecto político en 'La muerte de Montaigne' de Jorge Edwards

Este trabajo estudia cómo La muerte de Montaigne, de Jorge Edwards, puede ser vista como un intento de convertir el escepticismo que caracteriza los Ensayos de Montaigne en un proyecto político de corte democrático. En la primera parte se realiza una breve historia de la recepción de la obra de Montaigne en la literatura y la política latinoamericana, mientras que en la segunda parte se analiza La muerte de Montaigne como un intento de trasplantar literaria y políticamente el escepticismo de los Ensayos a Latinoamérica.

Implicaciones del uso de fuentes exógenas de fitasa sobre los rendimientos productivos y valor nutricional de las dietas en aves. Repercusiones medioambientales

En los últimos años, y debido a un aumento de las producciones intensivas de cerdos y aves en el marco de la UE, se han desarrollado muchos estudios intentando minimizar el impacto contaminante del exceso de nitrógeno y fósforo que las deyecciones de estos animales producen en el medio ambiente. La disminución del contenido de N procedente de las deyecciones se ha abordado con diferentes estrategias nutricionales (formulación con aminoácidos disponibles, mejora de la utilización de la proteína con diferentes enzimas, etc.). El fósforo es un mineral imprescindible para el crecimiento de los animales, debido a su influencia en el ciclo energético, en la formación de huesos y como regulador de la ingesta. El fósforo presente en los vegetales (base de la alimentación de las aves) se encuentra básicamente formando el ácido fítico, muy poco asimilable por los animales. Por tal motivo, se suplementan las dietas con fósforo inorgánico, a menudo en exceso, que en parte revierte al medio ambiente, dando lugar a problemas medioambientales en áreas de gran concentración de producciones intensivas de animales. En la ultima década se ha estudiado el efecto que la incorporación de la enzima fitasa produce en el aumento de la biodisponibilidad del fósforo fítico (Kornegay et al., 1996), con lo que se reduce la cantidad de fósforo inorgánico añadido a las dietas y, por tanto, la disminución del fósforo excretado. Se ha descrito que la incorporación de este enzima produce ademas mejoras de la disponibilidad de otros minerales (calcio, zinc, cobre, hierro, etc.) (Broz et al., 1994; Schoner et al., 1991; Roberson and Edwards, 1994; Yi et al., 1997; Sebastian et al., 1996), pero dependientes del nivel de calcio y de vitamina D3 (Qian et al., 1996; Qian et al., 1997; Edwards, 1993; Lei et al., 1994), y de la fuente de fibra (Ravindran et al. 1995). También se han descrito mejoras en la digestibilidad de la proteína y los aminoácidos (Yi et al., 1996a; Mroz et al., 1994) , aunque en este campo existe cierta controversia, ya que la respuesta depende de la cantidad y procedencia del ácido fitico de la dieta (O’Dell and Boland, 1976). Sin embargo, casi todos los ensayos se han realizado con dietas a base de maíz-soja, en tanto que a nivel de la UE cada vez más se utilizan otro tipo de ingredientes para las raciones (trigo, cebada, girasol, guisantes, subproductos, etc.). Algunos de estos ingredientes se caracterizan por tener una actividad fitasa endógena nada despreciable (Eeckout and De Paepe, 1994) que, en general, no se ha tenido en cuenta, pero que puede verse afectada en los procesos de granulación. Por otro lado, los efectos beneficiosos de la adición de fitasa a las dietas parecen ser, en ocasiones, más importantes en los aumentos de consumo y mejores índices de conversión que en los derivados de la propia liberación del fósforo, es decir, en los llamados “side effects”, (básicamente, mejora de parámetros productivos, del valor de energía de las dietas, de la utilización de diversos minerales, y de la proteína), aunque existe una gran controversia en algunos de estos efectos. Existen muy pocos estudios sobre el papel de la fibra y otros hidratos de carbono en la actuación de estos enzima (interacción positiva o negativa).

Continuous phase transition in a spin-glass model without time-reversal symmetry

We investigate the phase transition in a strongly disordered short-range three-spin interaction model characterized by the absence of time-reversal symmetry in the Hamiltonian. In the mean-field limit the model is well described by the Adam-Gibbs-DiMarzio scenario for the glass transition; however, in the short-range case this picture turns out to be modified. The model presents a finite temperature continuous phase transition characterized by a divergent spin-glass susceptibility and a negative specific-heat exponent. We expect the nature of the transition in this three-spin model to be the same as the transition in the Edwards-Anderson model in a magnetic field, with the advantage that the strong crossover effects present in the latter case are absent.

FAM-MDR: a flexible family-based multifactor dimensionality reduction technique to detect epistasis using related individuals

We propose a novel multifactor dimensionality reduction method for epistasis detection in small or extended pedigrees, FAM-MDR. It combines features of the Genome-wide Rapid Association using Mixed Model And Regression approach (GRAMMAR) with Model-Based MDR (MB-MDR). We focus on continuous traits, although the method is general and can be used for outcomes of any type, including binary and censored traits. When comparing FAM-MDR with Pedigree-based Generalized MDR (PGMDR), which is a generalization of Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) to continuous traits and related individuals, FAM-MDR was found to outperform PGMDR in terms of power, in most of the considered simulated scenarios. Additional simulations revealed that PGMDR does not appropriately deal with multiple testing and consequently gives rise to overly optimistic results. FAM-MDR adequately deals with multiple testing in epistasis screens and is in contrast rather conservative, by construction. Furthermore, simulations show that correcting for lower order (main) effects is of utmost importance when claiming epistasis. As Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a complex phenotype likely influenced by gene-gene interactions, we applied FAM-MDR to examine data on glucose area-under-the-curve (GAUC), an endophenotype of T2DM for which multiple independent genetic associations have been observed, in the Amish Family Diabetes Study (AFDS). This application reveals that FAM-MDR makes more efficient use of the available data than PGMDR and can deal with multi-generational pedigrees more easily. In conclusion, we have validated FAM-MDR and compared it to PGMDR, the current state-of-the-art MDR method for family data, using both simulations and a practical dataset. FAM-MDR is found to outperform PGMDR in that it handles the multiple testing issue more correctly, has increased power, and efficiently uses all available information.

Análisis de subsistemas de planificación JDE-SAP

En este trabajo intentaremos descubrir los recursos de que disponen en materia de planificación de necesidades de materiales (MRP) dos ERP de alto nivel: JD Edwards y SAP. Ambos comercializados por dos empresas líderes en el sector, Oracle y SAP AG.

Implantación de un sistema de gestión de residuos en una compañía productora de pinturas

Implantación de un sistema de gestión de residuos dentro del ERP actual de una compañía del sector de la producción de pinturas.

Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. This study describes the heterogeneity of COPD in a large and well characterised and controlled COPD cohort (ECLIPSE). Methods We studied 2164 clinically stable COPD patients, 337 smokers with normal lung function and 245 never smokers. In these individuals, we measured clinical parameters, nutritional status, spirometry, exercise tolerance, and amount of emphysema by computed tomography. Results COPD patients were slightly older than controls and had more pack years of smoking than smokers with normal lung function. Co-morbidities were more prevalent in COPD patients than in controls, and occurred to the same extent irrespective of the GOLD stage. The severity of airflow limitation in COPD patients was poorly related to the degree of breathlessness, health status, presence of co-morbidity, exercise capacity and number of exacerbations reported in the year before the study. The distribution of these variables within each GOLD stage was wide. Even in subjects with severe airflow obstruction, a substantial proportion did not report symptoms, exacerbations or exercise limitation. The amount of emphysema increased with GOLD severity. The prevalence of bronchiectasis was low (4%) but also increased with GOLD stage. Some gender differences were also identified. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of COPD are highly variable and the degree of airflow limitation does not capture the heterogeneity of the disease.

Genetic Variation in the TP53 Pathway and Bladder Cancer Risk. A Comprehensive Analysis

Introduction: Germline variants in TP63 have been consistently associated with several tumors, including bladder cancer, indicating the importance of TP53 pathway in cancer genetic susceptibility. However, variants in other related genes, including TP53 rs1042522 (Arg72Pro), still present controversial results. We carried out an in depth assessment of associations between common germline variants in the TP53 pathway and bladder cancer risk. Material and Methods: We investigated 184 tagSNPs from 18 genes in 1,058 cases and 1,138 controls from the Spanish Bladder Cancer/EPICURO Study. Cases were newly-diagnosed bladder cancer patients during 1998–2001. Hospital controls were age-gender, and area matched to cases. SNPs were genotyped in blood DNA using Illumina Golden Gate and TaqMan assays. Cases were subphenotyped according to stage/grade and tumor p53 expression. We applied classical tests to assess individual SNP associations and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-penalized logistic regression analysis to assess multiple SNPs simultaneously. Results: Based on classical analyses, SNPs in BAK1 (1), IGF1R (5), P53AIP1 (1), PMAIP1 (2), SERINPB5 (3), TP63 (3), and TP73 (1) showed significant associations at p-value#0.05. However, no evidence of association, either with overall risk or with specific disease subtypes, was observed after correction for multiple testing (p-value$0.8). LASSO selected the SNP rs6567355 in SERPINB5 with 83% of reproducibility. This SNP provided an OR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.05–1.38, p-value = 0.006, and a corrected p-value = 0.5 when controlling for over-estimation. Discussion: We found no strong evidence that common variants in the TP53 pathway are associated with bladder cancer susceptibility. Our study suggests that it is unlikely that TP53 Arg72Pro is implicated in the UCB in white Europeans. SERPINB5 and TP63 variation deserve further exploration in extended studies.

Dynamic electrostatic force microscopy in liquid media

We present the implementation of dynamic electrostatic force microscopy in liquid media. This implementation enables the quantitative imaging of local dielectric properties of materials in electrolyte solutions with nanoscale spatial resolution. Local imaging capabilities are obtained by probing the frequency-dependent and ionic concentration-dependent electrostatic forces at high frequency (>1 MHz), while quantification of the interaction forces is obtained with finite-element numerical calculations. The results presented open a wide range of possibilities in a number of fields where the dielectric properties of materials need to be probed at the nanoscale and in a liquid environment.

Dynamic electrostatic force microscopy in liquid media

We present the implementation of dynamic electrostatic force microscopy in liquid media. This implementation enables the quantitative imaging of local dielectric properties of materials in electrolyte solutions with nanoscale spatial resolution. Local imaging capabilities are obtained by probing the frequency-dependent and ionic concentration-dependent electrostatic forces at high frequency (>1 MHz), while quantification of the interaction forces is obtained with finite-element numerical calculations. The results presented open a wide range of possibilities in a number of fields where the dielectric properties of materials need to be probed at the nanoscale and in a liquid environment.