Criteris de collita per poma Gala i Golden: l’opinió del consumidor

Estudis de mercat indiquen que la millora de la qualitat de les pomes és un dels factors que més influència poden tenir per estimular la demana dels consumidors (Harker, 2001; Harker et al, 2003). En aquest sentit, millorar la qualitat del producte implica oferir al consumidor el producte que ell desitja d’acord amb les seves preferències gustatives. No obstant, és obvi que no existeix un producte que pugui satisfer al 100% de la població, sinó grups de consumidors amb unes preferències gustatives diferenciades. Identificar els grups de consumidors que responen positivament a uns atributs sensorials específics, permet dirigir el producte d’unes característiques qualitatives determinades al segment de mercat adequat per satisfer les expectatives del consumidor. Sabent que les característiques organolèptiques dels fruits en el moment del seu consum depenen en gran part de l’estat de maduresa del fruit en el moment de collita, es va plantejar un estudi amb la finalitat de definir un criteri racional de collita per a pomes del grup ‘Gala’ i ‘Golden’ en base a les preferències gustatives del consumidor1. Per a cada varietat, es van plantejar 2 objectius: 1. Identificar i quantificar els segments de població amb preferències gustatives diferenciades. 2. Determinar els paràmetres de qualitat que cal tenir en compte i els seus valors òptims a collita per satisfer el consumidor de poma ‘Gala’ i ‘Golden’ després d’un període de llarga conservació.

Los soportes publicitarios emergentes del medio exterior: hacia una interacción con el consumidor: la tecnología y la creatividad al servicio de la publicidad exterior

Aquest treball realitza una projecció del que serà el futur a curt termini del mitjà publicitari d’exterior. S’estudia amb profunditat l’entorn socioeconòmic present del mitjà, així com es realitza un recull de les opinions dels professionals del sector mitjançant entrevistes i enquestes. Aquestes dades s’entrellacen amb un anàlisis dels nous models de publicitat exterior, recopilant multitud d’exemples. Així es demostra com la relació consumidor-mitjà passarà per la interacció a través de la creativitat i la tecnologia.

Optimal feedback control rules sensitive to controlled endogenous risk-aversion

The objective of this paper is to correct and improve the results obtained by Van der Ploeg (1984a, 1984b) and utilized in the theoretical literature related to feedback stochastic optimal control sensitive to constant exogenous risk-aversion (see, Jacobson, 1973, Karp, 1987 and Whittle, 1981, 1989, 1990, among others) or to the classic context of risk-neutral decision-makers (see, Chow, 1973, 1976a, 1976b, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1993). More realistic and attractive, this new approach is placed in the context of a time-varying endogenous risk-aversion which is under the control of the decision-maker. It has strong qualitative implications on the agent's optimal policy during the entire planning horizon.

Una Aproximación empírica al análisis del excedente del consumidor: el caso de la supresión de peajes en España

En el presente estudio nos aproximamos al cálculo del impacto de una política de supresión de peajes en España. Se estima una función de demanda de autopistas de peaje, utilizando un modelo de datos de panel con efectos fijos. Los resultados confirman que las elasticidades son mayores que el promedio encontrado en la literatura, la razón es la existencia y calidad de una vía alternativa. En cuanto al impacto de la política, los resultados sugieren un incremento del tráfico en las autopistas de 43,40% en relación con 2007. El cambio del bienestar de los usuarios se estima en €1497,58 millones (en comparación con 2007)

Neuromarketing : cómo indagar en la mente del consumidor

“Neuromarketing, cómo indagar en la mente del consumidor” és un treball d’investigació que pretén donar a conèixer una nova tècnica d’estudis de mercat, basada en l’anàlisi dels sistemas neuronals que regeixen el cervell humà, mitjançant eïnes que provenen de la neurociencia. L’objectiu d’aquest projecte es esposar l’aplicació de la neurociencia a l’àmbit del neuromarketing, relacionar-lo amb la conducta del consumidor y entendre el procés de presa de decisió que condiciona el comportament del consumidor durant l’acte de compra.

La construcción de la identidad del consumidor postmoderno, mediante el consumo simbólico

La intención del presente trabajo es abordar cómo el consumidor postmoderno afronta la construcción de la identidada través del consumo simbólico y constatar las diversas estrategias que adoptapara progresar en la arquitectura de su identidad. El objeto de estudio de esta investigación se centra en la figura del individuo como CONSUMIDOR postmoderno y cómo utiliza el consumo simbólico para aportar significados coherentes y útiles para reflejar su sentido de identidad

Lack of CB1 receptor activity impairs serotonergic negative feedback

Serotonergic and endocannabinoid systems are important substrates for the control of emotional behavior and growing evidence show an involvement in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. In the present study, the absence of the activity of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor impaired serotonergic negative feedback in mice. Thus, in vivo microdialysis experiments revealed increased basal 5-HT extracellular levels and attenuated fluoxetine-induced increase of 5-HT extracellular levels in the prefrontal cortex of CB1 knockout compared to wild-type mice. These observations could be related to the significant reduction in the 5-HT transporter binding site density detected in frontal cortex and hippocampus of CB1 knockout mice. The lack of CB1 receptor also altered some 5-HT receptors related to the 5-HT feedback. Extracellular recordings in the dorsal raphe nucleus revealed that the genetic and pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptor induced a 5-HT1A autoreceptor functional desensitization. In situ hybridization studies showed a reduction in the expression of the 5-HT2C receptor within several brain areas related to the control of the emotional responses, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus, the nucleus accumbens and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, whereas an overexpression was observed in the CA3 area of the ventral hippocampus. These results reveal that the lack of CB1 receptor induces a facilitation of the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus by altering different components of the 5-HT feedback as well as an increase in 5-HT extracellular levels in the prefrontal cortex in mice.

Framework multitouch per a la creació fàcil d'aplicacions interactives

El projecte que aquí es presenta explora un nou enfocament a la interacció amb elssistemes interactius que típicament es proposen en museus. En aquests sistemes lainteracció i el feedback visual venen determinats per l’aplicació programada per l’arstista i no permet a l’usuari modificar-ne el seu comportament sinó tan sols interactuar amb les accións predefinides.L’enfocament que es planteja en aquest projecte és convertir als usuaris consumidorsd’aquests sistemes interactius en creadors i editors de les seves pròpies experiències.D’aquesta manera un sistema interactiu podrà ser modificat per l’usuari i així oferirdiferents respostes donada una mateixa entrada. Això es fa utilitzant un dispositiumultitouch com a sistema de configuració visual d’aquestes aplicacions així com un segon dispositiu com a sortida de l’aplicació visual.Aquest projecte neix de la idea de desenvolupar una eina útil i de fàcil ús per a crear aplicacions interactives, sense necessitat de tenir nocions de programació, de manera que qualsevol usuari inexpert pugui partir d’una idea i crear la seva pròpia aplicació interactiva.Així doncs, a través de diversos prototips i proves d’usabilitat es perfila una interfície de programació visual sobre una superfície tangible que sigui intuïtiva i fàcil d’utilitzar per a tot tipus d’usuaris.Per tal de dur a terme això s’ha dissenyat un sistema on s’utilitzen dos pantallesmultitouch, una amb la interfície de programació visual i l’altre amb la sortida del sistema creat. Això permet la interacció simultània entre usuaris creadors i usuaris consumidors de manera que l’experiència del consumidor pugui ser modificada en viu pel creador, segons interactuï amb la interfície de configuració.

The importance of relative performance feedback information: Evidence from a natural experiment using high school students

We study the effect of providing relative performance feedback information onperformance, when individuals are rewarded according to their absolute performance. Anatural experiment that took place in a high school offers an unusual opportunity to testthis effect in a real-effort setting. For one year only, students received information thatallowed them to know whether they were performing above (below) the class average aswell as the distance from this average. We exploit a rich panel data set and find that theprovision of this information led to an increase of 5% in students grades. Moreover, theeffect was significant for the whole distribution. However, once the information wasremoved, the effect disappeared. To rule out the concern that the effect may beartificially driven by teachers within the school, we verify our results using nationallevel exams (externally graded) for the same students, and the effect remains.

The benefits of limited feedback in organizations

In most firms, managers periodically assess workers' performance. Evidence suggeststhat managers withhold information during these reviews, and some observersargue that this necessarily reduces surplus. This paper assesses the validity of thisargument when workers have career concerns. Disclosure has two effects: it exposesthe worker to uncertainty about future effort levels, but allows him to use current effortto influence his employer's beliefs about future effort. The surplus-maximizingdisclosure policy reveals output realizations in the center of the distribution, butnot in the tails. Thus, it is efficient for firms to reveal some but not all performanceinformation.

Is confidence in decisions related to feedback? Evidence-and lack of evidence-from random samples of real-world managerial behavior?

Confidence in decision making is an important dimension of managerialbehavior. However, what is the relation between confidence, on the onehand, and the fact of receiving or expecting to receive feedback ondecisions taken, on the other hand? To explore this and related issuesin the context of everyday decision making, use was made of the ESM(Experience Sampling Method) to sample decisions taken by undergraduatesand business executives. For several days, participants received 4 or 5SMS messages daily (on their mobile telephones) at random moments at whichpoint they completed brief questionnaires about their current decisionmaking activities. Issues considered here include differences between thetypes of decisions faced by the two groups, their structure, feedback(received and expected), and confidence in decisions taken as well as inthe validity of feedback. No relation was found between confidence indecisions and whether participants received or expected to receivefeedback on those decisions. In addition, although participants areclearly aware that feedback can provide both confirming and disconfirming evidence, their ability to specify appropriatefeedback is imperfect. Finally, difficulties experienced inusing the ESM are discussed as are possibilities for further researchusing this methodology.

The provision of relative performance feedback information: An experimental analysis of performance and happiness

This paper studies the effect of providing relative performance feedback information onindividual performance and on individual affective response, when agents are rewardedaccording to their absolute performance. In a laboratory set-up, agents perform a realeffort task and when receiving feedback, they are asked to rate their happiness, arousaland feeling of dominance. Control subjects learn only their absolute performance, whilethe treated subjects additionally learn the average performance in the session.Performance is 17 percent higher when relative performance feedback is provided.Furthermore, although feedback increases the performance independent of the content(i.e., performing above or below the average), the content is determinant for theaffective response. When subjects are treated, the inequality in the happiness and thefeeling of dominance between those subjects performing above and below the averageincreases by 8 and 6 percentage points, respectively.

Modelling state dependence and feedback effects between poverty, employment and parental home emancipation among European youth

Youth is one of the phases in the life-cycle when some of the most decisivelife transitions take place. Entering the labour market or leaving parentalhome are events with important consequences for the economic well-beingof young adults. In this paper, the interrelationship between employment,residential emancipation and poverty dynamics is studied for eight Europeancountries by means of an econometric model with feedback effects. Resultsshow that youth poverty genuine state dependence is positive and highly significant.Evidence proves there is a strong causal effect between poverty andleaving home in Scandinavian countries, however, time in economic hardshipdoes not last long. In Southern Europe, instead, youth tend to leave theirparental home much later in order to avoid falling into a poverty state that ismore persistent. Past poverty has negative consequences on the likelihood ofemployment.

Turn-on-time statistics of modulated lasers subjected to resonant weak optical feedback

We present analytical calculations of the turn-on-time probability distribution of intensity-modulated lasers under resonant weak optical feedback. Under resonant conditions, the external cavity round-trip time is taken to be equal to the modulation period. The probability distribution of the solitary laser results are modified to give reduced values of the mean turn-on-time and its variance. Numerical simulations have been carried out showing good agreement with the analytical results.

Feedback control of unstable cellular solidification fronts

We present a feedback control scheme to stabilize unstable cellular patterns during the directional solidification of a binary alloy. The scheme is based on local heating of cell tips which protrude ahead of the mean position of all tips in the array. The feasibility of this scheme is demonstrated using phase-field simulations and, experimentally, using a real-time image processing algorithm, to track cell tips, coupled with a movable laser spot array device to heat the tips locally. We demonstrate, both numerically and experimentally, that spacings well below the threshold for a period-doubling instability can be stabilized. As predicted by the numerical calculations, cellular arrays become stable with uniform spacing through the feedback control which is maintained with minimal heating.