Preparation of penta-azole containing cyclopeptides: challenges in macrocyclization

Herein is described the synthesis of several analogs of the natural product IB-01211 from concatenated azoles, via a biomimetic pathway based on cyclization-oxidation of serine containing peptides combined with the Hantzsch synthesis. The macrocyclization of rigid peptide compounds 1 and 2 to give IB-01211 and its epimer 12b was explored, and the results are compared here to those previously obtained for the macrocyclization of more flexible structures in the syntheses of YM-216391, telomestatin, and IB-01211. Lastly, the preliminary results of anti-tumor activity screening of the synthesized analogs are discussed.

2004-2014 Odissea a la xarxa : Una visió de la comunicació d'empresa

Aquest estudi analitza els canvi entre 2004 i 2014 de 5 elements clau en els departaments de comunicació de les empreses: la gestió de la reputació corporativa, les relacions amb els mitjans, la comunicació publicitària, les eines i canals propis dels departaments de comunicació i, finalment, els canvis en el rol dels departaments de comunicació i els seus professionals.

La continuidad de una obra medieval: azud, acequias, molinos y pesquera del Bajo Ebro en la época del Renacimiento

La cita que sirve de título a este epígrafe introductorio es del picapedrero aragonés Sebastián Martínez. Forma parte de un informe, redactado en 1556, sobre la construcción de una acequia en el margen izquierdo del Ebro. Y parece ser que pese a la voluntad del maestro muy poca gente, experta o no en el arte del"livell", ha sentido la necesidad de conocer las conclusiones de su estudio, como tampoco se ha sentido apenas la necesidad de estudiar el proceso constructivo del sistema de riego del curso bajo de este río, conocimiento o, más bien, desconocimiento anclado durante muchos años en las teorías que relacionaban su erección con la tecnología de época andalusí.

El clima i la producció d'olives a la Catalunya seca: el cas de Cabacés (el Priorat)

[cat] En un context de canvi climàtic cal estudiar les vulnerabilitats del territori a escala local. En aquest treball s'analitza la producció d'oli de qualitat en un indret de la Catalunya seca, Cabacés (el Priorat), i es posa en relació amb la variabilitat climàtica. Els resultats mostren que el clima té una influència important en la producció d'olives, sobretot les temperatures màximes del mes d'abril i les precipitacions del mes més sec, juliol. S'obté un model de regressió múltiple a partir d'aquestes dues variables climàtiques més influents en la producció. No obstant això, els valors del model s'allunyen dels reals a partir de l'any 2003 a causa d'un creixement molt elevat de la producció per l'extensió del reg de suport. Les futures vulnerabilitats no només depenen del canvi climàtic, sinó dels efectes del canvi global, fenomen que també engloba tots aquells canvis en els usos, hàbits i consums del territori.

Private micro-irrigation costs using reclaimed water

The cost of reusing water in micro-irrigation at the field level has not been studied in depth although the use of effluents in agriculture is a viable alternative in areas where water is scarce or there is intense competition for its use. The aim of the present study is to analyse the private costs of water reuse in micro-irrigation in an experimental plot. This analysis is intended to provide information about the decision a farmer would make when the choice to use conventional or reclaimed water is guided by cost criteria. The components of the total costs of different combinations of four types of filters and five emitters that can be installed in micro-irrigation systems using reclaimed water have been studied with the data obtained from an experimental plot in conditions similar to those of fruit orchards. Different scenarios that compared the costs of using conventional or reclaimed water in terms of water price and nutrient content were also studied. The results show that a proper combination of filters and emitters can save up to 33% in irrigation costs. Capital costs and maintenance costs were the most variable among the different combinations. Scenario analysis showed that the greater price of reclaimed water could be compensated by high nutrient contents, which would reduce fertilizer costs

La gestión del regadío catalán: entre eficiencia, compatibilidad de usos y legitimidad

In previous years, irrigation and its management have become protagonists of a social debate that questions their economic, environmental and territorial limits in space and time. The hydraulic constructions as irrigation canals have played a central role in the attempt to “dominate” the water resources and so control the territory. However and after some time, both the modernization of traditional irrigation as the promotion of new irrigation projects are called into question due to the rise of environmental demands and promoting governance as a mechanism favourable to agreements between stakeholders. In Catalonia, the irrigation management must deal both efficiency requirements as to the compatibility between consumptive and non-consumptive water uses well as the social legitimacy of projects that exceed sectoral interest. The situation analysis of Bajo Ter and Muga historic irrigation canals and the running project of Segarra-Garrigues irrigation canal emphasize the need to promote a territorial management model capable of integrating and legitimize different competing water views

Del papel a la pantalla y del aula a la nube: ideas para dinamizar la expresión escrita en secundaria = From paper to the screen and from the classroom to the cloud: ideas to energise written expression at secondary level

The spread of sociocultural focuses and critical literacy studies, which offer an holistic perspective on communicative skills, has reached our country at a time when the commonest environment for writing is the internet, and information technologies have transformed writing with new channels, genres, forms of preparation and languages. Thanks to these changes, educational programmes now include new concepts of literacy related to knowledge and the use of digital environments. This paper explores the impact of introducing these new communicative environments to teaching written expression at secondary level and puts forward some ideas to link learning how to write to present communicative contexts and established practices. Without forgetting the achievements of recent decades, we need to bring about a series of changes to bring new learned writing practices to class and leave behind others we had championed as necessary when the goal was to move beyond exclusively linguistic or grammatical approaches

Escritura joven en la red = Young writing online

Changes in written communications brought about by technology have led to a revolution in the concepts of literacy and, as a result, in students’ educational needs. However, teenagers appear to use technologies that involve new channels and text genres in the digital environment much more than in their everyday life than in an academic environment, because there is still too much distance between what schools offer students and their own reality. This article shows part of the findings of ethnographic and qualitative research in the line of new studies on teenagers’ critical literacy and vernacular writing practices in the asynchronous communication spaces online. The idea is to offer data and ideas to help overcome the current inertia and distance between some educational activities and young people’s communicative needs