A Rotating black ring solution in five dimensions

The vacuum Einstein equations in five dimensions are shown to admit a solution describing a stationary asymptotically flat spacetime regular on and outside an event horizon of topology S1S2. It describes a rotating black ring. This is the first example of a stationary asymptotically flat vacuum solution with an event horizon of nonspherical topology. The existence of this solution implies that the uniqueness theorems valid in four dimensions do not have simple five-dimensional generalizations. It is suggested that increasing the spin of a spherical black hole beyond a critical value results in a transition to a black ring, which can have an arbitrarily large angular momentum for a given mass.

Velocity fluctuations of fracturelike disruptions of associating polymer solutions

Velocity has been measured as a function of time for propagating crack tips as water is injected into solutions of end-capped associating polymers in a rectanguar Hele-Shaw cell. Measurements were performed for flows with different values of cell gap, channel width, polymer molecular weight, and polymer concentration. The condition for the onset of fracturelike behavior is well described by a Deborah number which uses the shear-thinning shear rate of the polymer solution as a characteristic frequency for network relaxation. At low molecular weight, the onset of fracturelike pattern evolution is accompanied by an abrupt jump in tip velocity, followed by a lower and approximately constant acceleration. At high molecular weight, the transition to fracturelike behavior involves passing through a regime that may be understood in terms of stick-slip dynamics. The crack-tip wanders from side to side and fluctuates (in both speed and velocity along the channel) with a characteristic frequency which depends linearly on the invading fluid injection rate.

Long-range ferromagnetic dipolar ordering of high-spin molecular clusters

We report the first example of a transition to long-range magnetic order in a purely dipolarly interacting molecular magnet. For the magnetic cluster compound Mn6O4Br4(Et2dbm)6, the anisotropy experienced by the total spin S=12 of each cluster is so small that spin-lattice relaxation remains fast down to the lowest temperatures, thus enabling dipolar order to occur within experimental times at Tc=0.16 K. In high magnetic fields, the relaxation rate becomes drastically reduced and the interplay between nuclear- and electron-spin lattice relaxation is revealed.

Grau de satisfacció d'un col·lectiu de persones grans en relació a l'atenció rebuda dels professionals d'infermeria durant la seva hospitalització

Introducció: La preocupació per la qualitat assistencial, i concretament per la qualitat de les cures infermeres, la satisfacció percebuda pel pacient com element fonamental com a indicador de la qualitat dels serveis sanitaris i clau en la millora de la qualitat assistencial, i el fet que a l’estat espanyol hi ha pocs estudis de satisfacció específics de la població anciana hospitalitzada, ens va portar a plantejar un estudi amb l’objectiu de valorar el grau de satisfacció de les persones grans hospitalitzades en relació a l’atenció rebuda dels professionals d’infermeria. Metodologia: S’ha realitzat un estudi descriptiu i transversal en un col.lectiu de 42 persones hospitalitzades d’edat ≥ 60 anys. El grau de satisfacció es va determinar amb “La Monica Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale 12” (LOPSS 12), versió reduïda en castellà. La personalització de les cures es va valorar amb un qüestionari que valora la relació infermera-usuari extret de l’Índex de Personalització de les Cures. L'anàlisi estadística es va dur a terme amb el programa informàtic SPSS® vs 21.0. Resultats: Es va evidenciar un elevat grau de satisfacció global amb les cures d’infermeria (8,8  1,5 / 10), però el nivell global de personalització d’aquestes cures no va ser molt satisfactori (3,4  2,1 / 7). Els homes van valorar millor a les infermeres respecte a que consideraven les seves opinions i preferències (p=0,03) i contestaven amb rapidesa les seves trucades (p=0,009). La personalització de les cures millorava conforme incrementava el grau de satisfacció global (r = 0,582; p = 0,000) i amb el temps d’hospitalització (r = 0,344; p = 0,026). Conclusions: El grau de satisfacció global respecte la satisfacció en l’atenció rebuda per part d’infermeria, va ser elevat però amb baix grau de personalització, mostrant major satisfacció els homes respecte les dones. Conèixer l’opinió dels usuaris representa una oportunitat pels professionals de reflexionar sobre la pràctica clínica i ser crítics per avançar en el desenvolupament de la professió, identificant aspectes susceptibles de millora 5 amb la finalitat d’augmentar la qualitat de les cures que es presten, així com la qualitat de vida de les persones.

Las Humanidades Digitales: principios, valores y prácticas

El objetivo de este artículo es introducir al lector español en algunos debates recientes de la comunidad de humanistas digitales de habla inglesa. En lugar de intentar definir la disciplina en términos absolutos, se ha optado por una aproximación diacrónica aunque se ha puesto el acento en algunos principios como la interdisciplinariedad y la construcción de modelos, valores como el acceso y el código abierto, y prácticas como la minería de datos y la colaboración.

Topological phases in small quantum Hall samples

Topological order has proven a useful concept to describe quantum phase transitions which are not captured by the Ginzburg-Landau type of symmetry-breaking order. However, lacking a local order parameter, topological order is hard to detect. One way to detect it is via direct observation of anyonic properties of excitations which are usually discussed in the thermodynamic limit, but so far has not been realized in macroscopic quantum Hall samples. Here we consider a system of few interacting bosons subjected to the lowest Landau level by a gauge potential, and theoretically investigate vortex excitations in order to identify topological properties of different ground states. Our investigation demonstrates that even in surprisingly small systems anyonic properties are able to characterize the topological order. In addition, focusing on a system in the Laughlin state, we study the robustness of its anyonic behavior in the presence of tunable finite-range interactions acting as a perturbation. A clear signal of a transition to a different state is reflected by the system's anyonic properties.

La democratización de la investigación biomédica

La tecnociencia biomédica debe abrir sus puertas a la democracia. El poder político y el derecho deben redefinir sus relaciones con la tecnociencia para que los científicos, expertos y ejecutivos de las empresas tecnocientíficas no sigan teniendo sólo en sus manos las decisiones sobre la orientación de las investigaciones y las prioridades científico-tecnológicas. La política de la ciencia y sus aplicaciones técnicas deben abrirse a la participación ciudadana, pasar a formar parte de la opinión pública y a ser tratados como asuntos transversales de las políticas públicas. Para ello es necesario que el principio democrático se instale en el seno de la tecnociencia. La libertad de investigación no es incompatible con el hecho de que las decisiones sobre la política científica sean, además de responsables, participativas y transparentes.

Las exportaciones de España a Cuba (1891-1913): pervivencias históricas en la demanda cubana de productos españoles

This article analyzes the structure of Spanish trade with Cuba during the period leading up to and immediately after Cuban independence in 1898. Although in overall terms, the loss of the colony meant the disappearance of major bilateral trade links, an analysis of certain groups shows that Spanish exports to Cuba of some of the latter were maintained or actually increased. The hypothesis for explaining this anomalous behavior is based on the presence of product differentiation strategies whose success is linked to the preference for Spanish goods of a certain sector of Cuban demand.

Progress in single junction microcrystalline silicon solar cells deposited by Hot-Wire CVD

Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition has led to microcrystalline silicon solar cell efficiencies similar to those obtained with Plasma Enhanced CVD. The light-induced degradation behavior of microcrystalline silicon solar cells critically depends on the properties of their active layer. In the regime close to the transition to amorphous growth (around 60% of amorphous volume fraction), cells incorporating an intrinsic layer with slightly higher crystalline fraction and [220] preferential orientation are stable after more than 7000 h of AM1.5 light soaking. On the contrary, solar cells whose intrinsic layer has a slightly lower crystalline fraction and random or [111] preferential orientation exhibit clear light-induced degradation effects. A revision of the efficiencies of Hot-Wire deposited microcrystalline silicon solar cells is presented and the potential efficiency of this technology is also evaluated.

Disentangling the formation of contrasting tree line physiognomies combining model selection and Bayesian parameterization for simulation models.

Alpine tree-line ecotones are characterized by marked changes at small spatial scales that may result in a variety of physiognomies. A set of alternative individual-based models was tested with data from four contrasting Pinus uncinata ecotones in the central Spanish Pyrenees to reveal the minimal subset of processes required for tree-line formation. A Bayesian approach combined with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods was employed to obtain the posterior distribution of model parameters, allowing the use of model selection procedures. The main features of real tree lines emerged only in models considering nonlinear responses in individual rates of growth or mortality with respect to the altitudinal gradient. Variation in tree-line physiognomy reflected mainly changes in the relative importance of these nonlinear responses, while other processes, such as dispersal limitation and facilitation, played a secondary role. Different nonlinear responses also determined the presence or absence of krummholz, in agreement with recent findings highlighting a different response of diffuse and abrupt or krummholz tree lines to climate change. The method presented here can be widely applied in individual-based simulation models and will turn model selection and evaluation in this type of models into a more transparent, effective, and efficient exercise.

Topological phases in small quantum Hall samples

Topological order has proven a useful concept to describe quantum phase transitions which are not captured by the Ginzburg-Landau type of symmetry-breaking order. However, lacking a local order parameter, topological order is hard to detect. One way to detect it is via direct observation of anyonic properties of excitations which are usually discussed in the thermodynamic limit, but so far has not been realized in macroscopic quantum Hall samples. Here we consider a system of few interacting bosons subjected to the lowest Landau level by a gauge potential, and theoretically investigate vortex excitations in order to identify topological properties of different ground states. Our investigation demonstrates that even in surprisingly small systems anyonic properties are able to characterize the topological order. In addition, focusing on a system in the Laughlin state, we study the robustness of its anyonic behavior in the presence of tunable finite-range interactions acting as a perturbation. A clear signal of a transition to a different state is reflected by the system's anyonic properties.

Las escalas de calidad de vida familiar (cdvf-e). Apoyo y orientación para la intervención

The aim of this paper is to present cDVF-E scales for families with children of 0-18 years, on one hand, and over 18 years, on the other, that researchers from five spanish universities have recently validated and standardized to the spanish population. To this end, first, the importance of the construct of quality of family life and its implications for research and practice should be emphasized. Afterwards, we introduce the first international initiatives measuring the quality of family life developed in the first decade of this century. Then the features, dimensions and psychometric properties of the scales are synthetically presented. Finally, the authors encourage practitioners and organizations to use these tools in the context of family-centered model and provides, as a conclusions, some considerations

La asignatura pendiente de la formación jurídica

[spa] El artículo se centra en la relevancia del conocimiento práctico para el aprendizaje del Derecho. Las facultades de Derecho en España padecen de una falta de programas específicos de formación en sus planes de estudio. Un análisis histórico muestra que el conocimiento práctico ha sufrido un fuerte retroceso en favor de un enfoque teórico siguiendo la pauta marcada por Alexander von Humboldt. El sistema español de provisión de los cargos públicos basado en unas oposiciones memorísticas con unos extensos temarios con centenares de conceptos refuerza este proceso y se convierte en un obstáculo para la renovación de los estudios y de la práctica jurídica. Como resultado de todo ello los estudiantes carecen de habilidades para el desarrollo profesional y el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.

¿Continuidad o fragmentación? Percepción de los profesionales sobre la coordinación entre servicios en los procesos de tránsito a la vida adulta de los jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual

This article is part of a research focusing on the process of transition to adulthood of young people with intellectual disabilities. Specifically, this study analyses transition partnership programs, as the professionals involved in them see them. The information is obtained in two stages: in the first stage 45 interviews to professionals working in this field are conducted. In the second stage we develop a study applying the Delphi method in which two panels of experts, the first one with educational professionals and the second one with professionals working with afters chool services, were asked about several topics. The results show a lack of continuity underlying the actions taken in support of young people with ID during the transition process. Insufficient information and collaboration among services and professionals and a lack of leadership are the main problems perceived by professionals. The study helps to identify problems in the transition partnership programs and establishes actions in order to enhance the transition process

La inclusión laboral y social de los jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual : el papel de la escuela = Work and social inclusion of young people with intellectual disabilities : the role of the school

The transition to adult life from the standpoint of inclusion is a complex process, especially for young people with intellectual disabilities. This article analyzes the context of transition processes showing the main relationships and differences of the different scenarios where young people with disabilities develop personal pathways that lead to adulthood. Among these scenarios, the school -the period of compulsory secondary education- plays a key role. Therefore, a specific section is devoted to developing an approach to the role of the school in the construction of bridges that facilitate social and work inclusion. Finally, it presents some major challenges that need to be faced to improve the processes of transition from an inclusive perspective