117 resultados para Common sense


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Most studies analysing the infrastructure impact on regional growth show a positive relationship between both variables. However, the public capital elasticity estimated in a Cobb-Douglas function, which is the most common specification in these works, is sometimes too big to be credible, so that the results have been partially desestimated. In the present paper, we give some new advances on the real link between public capital and productivity for the Spanish regions in the period 1964-1991. Firstly, we find out that the association for both variables is smaller when controlling for regional effects, being industry the sector which reaps the most benefits from an increase in the infrastructural dotation. Secondly, concerning to the rigidity of the Cobb-Douglas function, it is surpassed by using the variable expansion method. The expanded functional form reveals both the absence of a direct effect of infrastructure and the fact that the link between infrastructure and growth depends on the level of the existing stock (threshold level) and the way infrastructure is articulated in its location relative to other factors. Finally, we analyse the importance of the spatial dimension in infrastructure impact, due to spillover effects. In this sense, the paper provides evidence of the existence of spatial autocorrelation processes that may invalidate previous results.

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The paper addresses the concept of multicointegration in panel data frame- work. The proposal builds upon the panel data cointegration procedures developed in Pedroni (2004), for which we compute the moments of the parametric statistics. When individuals are either cross-section independent or cross-section dependence can be re- moved by cross-section demeaning, our approach can be applied to the wider framework of mixed I(2) and I(1) stochastic processes analysis. The paper also deals with the issue of cross-section dependence using approximate common factor models. Finite sample performance is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we illustrate the use of the procedure investigating inventories, sales and production relationship for a panel of US industries.

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In the analysis of equilibrium policies in a di erential game, if agents have different time preference rates, the cooperative (Pareto optimum) solution obtained by applying the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle becomes time inconsistent. In this work we derive a set of dynamic programming equations (in discrete and continuous time) whose solutions are time consistent equilibrium rules for N-player cooperative di erential games in which agents di er in their instantaneous utility functions and also in their discount rates of time preference. The results are applied to the study of a cake-eating problem describing the management of a common property exhaustible natural resource. The extension of the results to a simple common property renewable natural resource model in in nite horizon is also discussed.

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De acuerdo con la teoría de las áreas monetàrias óptimas,los shocks asimétricos tienen un papel fundamental en la determinación de los beneficios y los costes derivados del establecimiento de una área monetaria. En este sentido, diferentes estudios recientes señalan una importante reducción del grado de asimetría de los shocks en términos reales a lo largo de los últimos años entre los países europeos como consecuencia de la mayor coordinación de las políticas económicas y de la aproximación de las estructuras productivas. De todas maneras, una de las cuestiones clave en el nuevo entorno económico, y que no ha sido demasiado considerada a la literatura reciente, es el posible papel desestabilitzador de la política monetaria común como consecuencia de las diferencias en los mecanismos de transmisión de la política monetaria en los distintos países y regiones de la Zona Euro. En este trabajo se considera la mencionada cuestión desde un punto de vista teórico y se analiza empíricamente la existencia de diferencias regionales en los efectos de la política monetaria llevada a término en España a lo largo de los últimos años con la finalidad d identificar los principales determinantes de esta asimetría en el ámbito europeo

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Socrates' serene attitude before his death -although this is questioned-, as described by Xenophon in his Apologia Socratis becomes for the playwright Rodolf Sirera a useful reference in an effort to reflect boldly on the limits of theatrical fiction in another clear example of the Classical Tradition, including that derived from Baroque Tragedy. However, in this case, it is judged severely to make us more conscious of the risk of turning life into a mere theatrical performance and human beings into actors and actresses in a play they did not write.

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Chemoreception is a biological process essential for the survival of animals, as it allows the recognition of important volatile cues for the detection of food, egg-laying substrates, mates or predators, among other purposes. Furthermore, its role in pheromone detection may contribute to evolutionary processes such as reproductive isolation and speciation. This key role in several vital biological processes makes chemoreception a particularly interesting system for studying the role of natural selection in molecular adaptation. Two major gene families are involved in the perireceptor events of the chemosensory system: the odorant-binding protein (OBP) and chemosensory protein (CSP) families. Here, we have conducted an exhaustive comparative genomic analysis of these gene families in twenty Arthropoda species. We show that the evolution of the OBP and CSP gene families is highly dynamic, with a high number of gains and losses of genes, pseudogenes and independent origins of subfamilies. Taken together, our data clearly support the birth-and-death model for the evolution of these gene families with an overall high gene-turnover rate. Moreover, we show that the genome organization of the two families is significantly more clustered than expected by chance and, more important, that this pattern appears to be actively maintained across the Drosophila phylogeny. Finally, we suggest the homologous nature of the OBP and CSP gene families, dating back their MRCA (most recent common ancestor) to 380¿420 Mya, and we propose a scenario for the origin and diversification of these families.

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In the analysis of equilibrium policies in a di erential game, if agents have different time preference rates, the cooperative (Pareto optimum) solution obtained by applying the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle becomes time inconsistent. In this work we derive a set of dynamic programming equations (in discrete and continuous time) whose solutions are time consistent equilibrium rules for N-player cooperative di erential games in which agents di er in their instantaneous utility functions and also in their discount rates of time preference. The results are applied to the study of a cake-eating problem describing the management of a common property exhaustible natural resource. The extension of the results to a simple common property renewable natural resource model in in nite horizon is also discussed.

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Notes and comments about the importance of the historical biography in contemporary Catalonia, emphasizing the overcoming of the expectation and of the criticism of the historiography influenced by Marxism.

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Notes and comments about the importance of the historical biography in contemporary Catalonia, emphasizing the overcoming of the expectation and of the criticism of the historiography influenced by Marxism.

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Theodor W. Adorno construeix la modernitat com la fase final d'un procés d'emancipació que ha conduït justament al contrari del que es pretenia. L'alliberament del mite ha portat a una situació històrica en la qual l'encobriment ideològic del món és total. Això té conseqüències per a un pensament que vol ser crític, ja que haurà de trobar un lloc des d'on es pugui interpretar la història per tal de salvar la veritat d'un possible món diferent. En el moment de màxima ocultació ideològica i de màxim absurd -és conegut que Adorno es refereix al món contemporani com al temps després d'Auschwitz- Adorno intentarà entendre què ha passat amb aquest subjecte que s'ha preocupat excessivament per la seva identitat. Mitjançant l'aplicació del model psicoanalític d'interpretació a textos de Beckett i Kafka reconstruirà la història de l'emancipació fallida del subjecte modern. Amb aquestes interpretacions Adorno se situa no només molt a prop de la pràctica psicoanalítica, sinó també de la tradició hermenèutica clàssica.

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El present article pretén conèixer les tries i els usos lingüístics dels joves de Sabadell. L'estudi se centra en els individus presents a l'escola secundària amb edats compreses entre 14 i 19 anys. En concret es basa a conèixer la importància de l'escola en l'adquisició de la segona llengua d'aquests joves, així com els factors que influencien en la tria i l'ús d'una llengua determinada en els diferents contextos. Donada la diversitat sociocultural actual de Catalunya els individus seleccionats representen les diverses tipologies principals existents segons el seu origen etnicolingüístic (català, castellà i bilingüe), combinat amb la composició del seu entorn bàsic de socialització (xarxes socials), i amb altres aspectes geogràfics, demogràfics i econòmics.

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Workgroup diversity can be conceptualized as variety, separation, or disparity. Thus, the proper operationalization of diversity depends on how a diversity dimension has been defined. Analytically, the minimal diversity must be obtained when there are no differences on an attribute among the members of a group, however maximal diversity has a different shape for each conceptualization of diversity. Previous work on diversity indexes indicated maximum values for variety (e.g., Blau"s index and Teachman"s index), separation (e.g., standard deviation and mean Euclidean distance), and disparity (e.g., coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient of concentration), although these maximum values are not valid for all group characteristics (i.e., group size and group size parity) and attribute scales (i.e., number of categories). We demonstrate analytically appropriate upper boundaries for conditional diversity determined by some specific group characteristics, avoiding the bias related to absolute diversity. This will allow applied researchers to make better interpretations regarding the relationship between group diversity and group outcomes.

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Introducció: L’ús indiscriminat d’antibiòtics, l’augment de les resistències i la mancança d’investigació en nous antibiòtics fa que ens trobem en un moment de crisi antibiòtica on cal prendre mesures. Objectiu: Quantificar el percentatge de farmàcies que venen antibiòtics sense recepta mèdica oficial per un dels tres casos següents: infecció d’orina, mal de coll o bronquitis aguda. Metodologia: Estudi prospectiu realitzat en el període gener-maig 2013 a la Regió Sanitària del Camp de Tarragona. Resultats: Es van visitar un total de 45 farmàcies. Es va vendre antibiòtic en 12 (80%) farmàcies on es va simular infecció d’orina, en 10 (66,7%) on es va simular mal de coll i en 5 (33,3%) on es va simular bronquitis aguda (p<0,05). Només en un 22,2% dels casos en què es va vendre un antibiòtic es va preguntar per les al·lèrgies de la pacient i també en un 22,2% l’argument per no dispensar l’antibiòtic va ser de tipus raonat. Conclusió: Aquests resultats mostren que tot i les campanyes que s’han fet per conscienciar la població sobre l’ús racional dels antibiòtics i el fet que vendre antibiòtics sense recepta és il·legal, se segueixen dispensant antibiòtics sense recepta.

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Postprint (published version)