White eye phenotypes and their genetic analysis

An interesting case for undergraduate students of general Genetics is to consider that different genes can produce the same or similar phenotypes. We present here an experiment to discover that the same phenotype could be produced by different genes, and then, to carry out the genetic analysis of these genes. For this laboratory study we have used the following Drosophila melanogaster strains: white (white eyes) and scarlet-brown (white eyes).

White eye phenotypes and their genetic analysis

An interesting case for undergraduate students of general Genetics is to consider that different genes can produce the same or similar phenotypes. We present here an experiment to discover that the same phenotype could be produced by different genes, and then, to carry out the genetic analysis of these genes. For this laboratory study we have used the following Drosophila melanogaster strains: white (white eyes) and scarlet-brown (white eyes).

Gene flow and gene flux shape evolutionary patterns of variation in Drosophila subobscura

Gene flow (defined as allele exchange between populations) and gene flux (defined as allele exchange during meiosis in heterokaryotypic females) are important factors decreasing genetic differentiation between populations and inversions. Many chromosomal inversions are under strong selection and their role in recombination reduction enhances the maintenance of their genetic distinctness. Here we analyze levels and patterns of nucleotide diversity, selection and demographic history, using 37 individuals of Drosophila subobscura from Mount Parnes (Greece) and Barcelona (Spain). Our sampling focused on two frequent O-chromosome arrangements that differ by two overlapping inversions (OST and O3+4), which are differentially adapted to the environment as observed by their opposing latitudinal clines in inversion frequencies. The six analyzed genes (Pif1A, Abi, Sqd, Yrt, Atpa and Fmr1) were selected for their location across the O-chromosome and their implication in thermal adaptation. Despite the extensive gene flux detected outside the inverted region, significant genetic differentiation between both arrangements was found inside it. However, high levels of gene flow were detected for all six genes when comparing the same arrangement among populations. These results suggest that the adaptive value of inversions is maintained, regardless of the lack of genetic differentiation within arrangements from different populations, and thus favors the Local Adaptation hypothesis over the Coadapted Genome hypothesis as the basis of the selection acting on inversions in these populations.

Inversion polymorphism in two Serbian natural populations of Drosophila subobscura: Analysis of long-term changes

To study whether inversions (or arrangements) by themselves or karyotypes are the main global warming adaptive target of natural selection, two Drosophila subobscura Serbian populations (Apatin and Petnica) were re analyzed using different statistical approaches. Both populations were sampled in an approximately 15 years period: Apatin in 1994 and 2008 + 2009 and Petnica in 1995 and 2010. For all chromosomes, the four collections studied were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Thus, it seems that inversions (or arrangements) combined at random to constitute populations" karyotypes. However, there were differences in karyotypic fre quencies along the years, although they were significant only for Apatin population. It is possible to conclude that inversions (or arrangements) are likely the target of natural selection, because they presented long term changes, but combine at random to generate the corresponding karyotypic combinations. As a consequence, the frequencies of karyotypes also change along time.

Drosophilid collection in the Font Groga site, Barcelona (Spain)

During October 23rd and 24th and November 2012 we collected a sample of drosophilids at Font Groga (Barcelona). This site is located on the foothills of the Tibidabo mountain, which is located on the northwest edge of Barcelona and at approximately 400m above sea level. The vegetation is typical for the area, and it is mainly composed of a sparse pine forest (Pinus pinea) with some oaks (Quercus ilex) and Mediterranean brushwood. Flies were netted over 12 baits containing fermenting bananas. A large proportion of D. simulans males was found. The invasive species D. suzukii (Calabria et al. 2010; Cini et al. 2012) was detected in a non-negligible quantity. Taking into account the number of males and females, the estimated Ne for D. suzukii in the Font Groga sample was 33.70. A similar value was obtained for D. subobscura (34.97). Finally, in the study of species diversity the values obtained for H" (Shannon diversity index) and J (Shannon uniformity index) were 0.678 and 0.421, respectively. These estimates are very similar to those obtained in September 2009 in Montpellier by Calabria (2012), who reported H" = 0.679 and J = 0.422, but differ from those reported by the same author in a Font Groga sample of October 2007 (H" = 0.904 and J = 0.505).

Behind and beyond of the cyborgs and robots ideas and realities: some techno-scientific and philosophical hints

We are progressively immersed in technology to such extend that in our everyday life we are and we do what technology allows us to be and to do. In this process, cyborgs and robots constitute elements that we analyze from a number of techno scientific and philosophical approaches. Additionally, we propose that a new concept: GEH (Genetic Engineered Human) as a new potential social imaginary element, which would be the human being improved by the broad-sense genetics engineer (that is, changing many genes by genetics engineer, modifications in the genome, cloning, and so on). If our aspirations as humans pass through technology and in particular for cyborgs, robots and GEH, the bidirectional links between these theoretical or real entities and our personal identities will be the more and more substantial in our society.

In memoriam Antonio Prevosti (1919-2011), a pioneer of genetics of natural populations

Prof. Dr. Antonio Prevosti was born on the 15th of February, 1919, at Barcelona where he grew up and lived with his wife Maria Monclús and his family until his death. Between the years 1939 and 1942 he registered at the University of Barcelona and finished his studies there with the"University Degree in Natural Science" obtaining the extraordinary award of his promotion. Immediately afterwards he started his research about the growth rate of Barcelona school children from two very different social groups at the Anthropology Laboratory of the University of Barcelona. The obtained results were published in his Doctoral Thesis (1948). Further investigations on quantitative traits in human populations improved his knowledge of statistical analyses and provided the basis for a scholarship from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to work at the Institute of Statistical and Demographical Sciences in Rome directed by Prof. C. Gini.

La resolución de casos abierto, exoneraciones y análisis familiares por medio de la genética avanzada. Aspectos forenses, sociales y eticos.

La especialidad de la Genética forense tiene algo más de un siglo, pero con la incorporación de la denominada prueba del ADN hace casi tres décadas, se ha logrado una eficacia que ha revolucionado no solo la investigación policial y las sentencias jurídicas, si no que ha impactado positivamente a toda la sociedad moderna. En este trabajo se analiza el avance que han supuesto las técnicas de identificación a través del ADN, en situaciones legales que en su momento no fueron resueltas (casos abiertos), en las exoneraciones y en los estudios familiares. Las aplicaciones y consecuencias de la Genética forense molecular o del ADN en estos casos, no solo ha dotado de más prestigio y seguridad a la Administración de la Justicia, si no que ha tenido un notable impacto social y ético. Es nuestra convicción, que tanto los profesionales de la Administración de la Justicia, como la sociedad en su totalidad debemos congratularnos y contribuir de la mejor manera posible a que las herramientas forenses en general y las vinculadas a la genética avanzada, se implementen al máximo nivel lo antes y mejor posible en nuestras instituciones.

Conociendo a Darwin a partir de sus escritos

En este artículo me gustaría presentar algunos aspectos de la personalidad e inquietudes intelectuales a partir de la lectura de dos de sus libros:"A naturalist voyage around the World", en su versión ilustrada de D. Appleton and Co. New York 1890 y"The origin of species" versión de 1859 y reeditada por CRW Pub. Ltd. London 2004. El primer detalle que llama la atención al leer el primer libro es percatarse que Darwin era un naturalista formidable. Esta característica suya muchas veces ha quedado enmascarada por su obra principal, la teoría de la evolución por medio de la selección natural.

El Barceloneta I. Una embarcación medieval a tingladillo en Barcelona

El año 2008 una intervención arqueológica en un solar cercano al Port Vell de Barcelona permitió estudiar y localizar una importante área del puerto medieval de la ciudad entre el que destacaría el muelle construido en el año 1477 y un pecio de construcción de casco previo y a tingladillo. El presente artículo realiza una aproximación al pecio Barceloneta I desde diferentes enfoques como los estudios palinológicos, dendrocronológicos, además del estudio histórico y arquitectónico. El conjunto de resultados permite situar la embarcación como la evidencia material de las complejas redes de comunicación marítima entre el Atlántico y el Mediterráneo en época Bajo Medieval así como avanzar en el conocimiento de la construcción naval en este periodo.

La Genetica forense: utilidad en la administracion de Justicia, repercusion social y aspectos eticos

Los diccionarios oficiales de la Real Academia de Lengua Española no contienen la palabra forensia, que sin embargo es de amplio uso en el entorno jurídico. El término"forensia" se usa en la mayoría de los casos como equivalente a"ciencia forense" significando la aplicación de la ciencia (en su sentido más amplio) para responder a cuestiones legales y ayudar a la administración de la Justicia. Desde un punto de vista práctico la forensia se utiliza como una vía de autentificación de datos y hechos que tienen interés legal. El uso moderno del término"forensia" en vez de"ciencia forense" es considerado incorrecto por ciertos sectores de la jurisprudencia básicamente por dos motivos: i) la forensia en sentido amplio también implica campos no científicos como el arte y la misma jurisprudencia y ii) por ser el término"forensia" un sinónimo de legal o relacionado con los tribunales.

Genetic markers of the Va/Ba balanced lethal strain of Drosophila subobscura

The Va/Ba strain, constructed by Sperlich et al. (1977), is the only balanced lethal strain in D. subobscura. It allows the production of homozygous O chromosomes and has been a useful tool not only to analyse chromosomal viabilities but also to obtain homokaryotypic lines (Mestres and Serra, 2008). Besides the morphological dominant mutations Va (Varicose) and Ba (Bare), other genetic markers have been characterized in this strain, some of them by our group and not described previously. Here we present a list of these markers.

La Genetica forense: utilidad en la administracion de Justicia, repercusion social y aspectos eticos

Los diccionarios oficiales de la Real Academia de Lengua Española no contienen la palabra forensia, que sin embargo es de amplio uso en el entorno jurídico. El término"forensia" se usa en la mayoría de los casos como equivalente a"ciencia forense" significando la aplicación de la ciencia (en su sentido más amplio) para responder a cuestiones legales y ayudar a la administración de la Justicia. Desde un punto de vista práctico la forensia se utiliza como una vía de autentificación de datos y hechos que tienen interés legal. El uso moderno del término"forensia" en vez de"ciencia forense" es considerado incorrecto por ciertos sectores de la jurisprudencia básicamente por dos motivos: i) la forensia en sentido amplio también implica campos no científicos como el arte y la misma jurisprudencia y ii) por ser el término"forensia" un sinónimo de legal o relacionado con los tribunales.

Trabajo de embarque

Práctica de embarque em el "Coco IX”, es un yate privado a motor propiedad de la empresa Iberostar Hoteles y Apartamentos S.L, con bandera española y lista 7ª. Tiene como puerto base el Club de Mar situado en la ciudad de Palma de Mallorca.