62 resultados para Socio economic background Scheduled Caste


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An increasing body of research has pointed to the relevance of social capital in studying a great variety of socio-economic phenomena, ranging from economics growth and development to educational attainment and public health. Conceptually, our paper is framed within the debates about the possible links between health and social capital, on one hand, and within the hypotheses regarding the importance of social and community networks in all stages of the dynamics of international migration, on the other hand. Our primary objective is to explore the ways social relations contribute to health differences between the immigrants and the native-born population of Spain. We also try to reveal differences in the nature of the social networks of foreign-born, as compared to that of the native-born persons. The empirical analysis is based on an individual-level data coming from the 2006 Spanish Health Survey, which contains a representative sample of the immigrant population. To assess the relationship between various health indicators (self-assessed health, chronic conditions and long-term illness) and social capital, controlling for other covariates, we estimate multilevel models separately for the two population groups of interest. In the estimates we distinguish between individual and community-level social capital. While the Health Survey contains information that allows us to define individual social capital measures, the collective indicators come from other official sources. In particular, for the subsample of immigrants, we proxy community-level networks and relationships by variables contained in the Spanish National Survey of Immigrants 2007. The results obtained so far point to the relevance of social capital as a covariate in the health equation, although, the significance varies according to the specific health indicator used. Additionally, and contrary to what is expected, immigrantsâ social networks seem to be inferior to those of the native-born population in many aspects; and they also affect immigrantâs health to a lesser extent. Policy implications of the findings are discussed. Keywords: health status, social capital, immigration, Spain

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Lâincrement de la salinitat a les aigües subterrànies a prop de la zones de les explotacions mineres salines representa un problema ambiental amb moltes implicacions socio-econòmiques. La part mitja de la conca del riu Llobregat i Cardener és un clar exemple dâaquesta problemàtica. En molts casos lâorigen de la salinitat és dubtós, ja que pot provenir del contacte de lâaigua de lâaqüífer amb formacions geològiques salines naturals o per lâafectació de les escombreres produïdes per lâexplotació minera de potasses que es troba en aquesta regió. Lâobjectiu dâaquest treball és demostrar que el Ra pot ser un bon traçador per determinar lâorigen de la salinitat de les aigües i complementar les analítiques químiques elementals i dels isòtops del sofre i de lâoxigen del sulfat (δ34SSO4 i δ18OSO4). La presència dels diversos isòtops del Ra en les aigües subterrànies dependrà de la geologia i del temps de residència de lâaigua dins lâaqüífer. Lâanàlisi de 12 mostres de la comarca indica que el 226Ra és el millor dels isòtops del Ra que permet diferenciar lâorigen de les aigües subterrànies.

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Estudi experimental basat amb el mètode Perfetti realitzat per avaluar lâeficàcia i lâeficiència del tractament envers a les diferents afectacions cerebrals que pot tenir un pacient quan ha patit un AVC (Accident Vascular Cerebral). Farem un estudi quantitatiu, tenint en compte unes variables específiques que ens indicaran dâuna forma molt més acurada lâevolució del pacient des de lâ inici fins a la fi del tractament. Hem de tenir en compte que al ser un estudi experimental ens podem trobar amb certes limitacions, implícites com trobar la idoneïtat de la mostra de pacients o que totes les afectacions cerebrals dâestudi siguin compatibles. Sempre tindrem en compte que no es seguirà un protocol sinó que és un tractament individualitzat i totalment personalitzat. La població en el nostre país cada cop envelleix més, per això millorar la qualitat de vida és imprescindible. El que volem és intentar que el pacient millori la seva qualitat de vida minvant la seva dependència i/o discapacitat, després de lâAVC. En conseqüència i ja que lâactual situació socioeconòmica no és favorable podrem afavorir la reducció de lâactual despesa sanitària,en aquest tipus de patologies en el nostre país.

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Aquest document ens explica com afecta la crisi socioeconòmica del nostre país als infants que es troben en situació de risc social. En concret, la recerca es va centrar en una escola pública de Torelló on hi ha un predomini dâinfants immigrants. La majoria dâaquests infants es troben en una situació precària i, a més, tenen dificultats per entendre la llengua del centre i per comunicar-se amb la mestra tutora de lâaula. Per concloure lâestudi es va elaborar un pla dâacció on es mostra que si es porten a terme estratègies educatives inclusives, com pot ser lâexpressió corporal, dins lâaula ordinària els infants amb major risc social poden aprendre més amb la interacció.

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Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent form of progressive degenerative dementia; it has a high socio-economic impact in Western countries. Therefore it is one of the most active research areas today. Alzheimer's is sometimes diagnosed by excluding other dementias, and definitive confirmation is only obtained through a post-mortem study of the brain tissue of the patient. The work presented here is part of a larger study that aims to identify novel technologies and biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease detection, and it focuses on evaluating the suitability of a new approach for early diagnosis of Alzheimerâs disease by non-invasive methods. The purpose is to examine, in a pilot study, the potential of applying Machine Learning algorithms to speech features obtained from suspected Alzheimer sufferers in order help diagnose this disease and determine its degree of severity. Two human capabilities relevant in communication have been analyzed for feature selection: Spontaneous Speech and Emotional Response. The experimental results obtained were very satisfactory and promising for the early diagnosis and classification of Alzheimerâs disease patients.

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Alzheimerâs disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of progressive degenerative dementia and it has a high socio-economic impact in Western countries, therefore is one of the most active research areas today. Its diagnosis is sometimes made by excluding other dementias, and definitive confirmation must be done trough a post-mortem study of the brain tissue of the patient. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to im-provement of early diagnosis of AD and its degree of severity, from an automatic analysis performed by non-invasive intelligent methods. The methods selected in this case are Automatic Spontaneous Speech Analysis (ASSA) and Emotional Temperature (ET), that have the great advantage of being non invasive, low cost and without any side effects.

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We propose an innovative, integrated, cost-effective health system to combat major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, chronic respiratory, metabolic, rheumatologic and neurologic disorders and cancers, which together are the predominant health problem of the 21st century. This proposed holistic strategy involves comprehensive patient-centered integrated care and multi-scale, multi-modal and multi-level systems approaches to tackle NCDs as a common group of diseases. Rather than studying each disease individually, it will take into account their intertwined gene-environment, socio-economic interactions and co-morbidities that lead to individual-specific complex phenotypes. It will implement a road map for predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine based on a robust and extensive knowledge management infrastructure that contains individual patient information. It will be supported by strategic partnerships involving all stakeholders, including general practitioners associated with patient-centered care. This systems medicine strategy, which will take a holistic approach to disease, is designed to allow the results to be used globally, taking into account the needs and specificities of local economies and health systems.

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Programme for International Student Assessment

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Lâestancament que han patit històricament les comarques dels Pallars (Jussà i Sobirà) tant a nivell humà com econòmic, ha ajudat, fins fa pocs anys, a conservar fossilitzades estructures socials, religioses i humanes de diferents períodes, alhora que a nivell científic, aquest estancament té com a conseqüència la marginació quant al gruix de les investigacions que es fan a la resta del país. Es proposa en aquest treball de síntesi una anàlisi i contrastació de les dades que ens ofereix la historiografia quant al poblament i la seva evolució des de la Prehistòria fins al període tardoromà al Paratge de Montcortès i Pla de Corts (Baix Pallars, Pallars Sobirà), amb lâaportació de les darreres investigacions, encara sense publicar, que ens proporcionen, alhora que noves dades quantitatives, informació qualitativa sobre el funcionament dâaquests grups humans, és a dir, una nova perspectiva biofísica sobre la coevolució dels nous sistemes socioeconòmics amb els ecosistemes naturals en aquest territori.

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La crisi actual ha agreujat la situació socioeconòmica de nombroses persones i famílies , esdevenint una realitat social cada vegada més complexa . Aquest nou context, ha portat a que aquesta nova bossa de persones hagin de recórrer a demanar suport als serveis socials bàsics. Persones que fins aquest moment havien estat en una situació normalitzada i en aquests moments estan en el llindar de lâexclusió social. El treball Sorgeix de la necessitat del món local, concretament de lâÃrea Bàsica de Serveis Socials del Consell Comarcal de lâAlt Penedès, de disposar dâeines dâinserció social per a les persones perceptores de la renda mínima dâinserció de la comarca, que formen part dâaquest col·lectiu en risc dâexclusió. Planteja la importància que des del món local es creïn aliances amb entitats , associacions diverses i de diferents àmbits , per tal dâadequar les respostes i les mesures dâinserció social segons la realitat de cada persona i família a través de diferents tasques col·laboratives, dins la seva comunitat, el seu entorn més immediat. Presenta la renda mínima com una via útil i necessària per lluitar contra la pobresa i a favor de la inclusió social

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¿Cómo y respondiendo a qué intereses fue ejercido el poder municipal por las élites locales catalanas en el periodo de la formación del Estado moderno hispánico? tales son las cuestiones fundamentales que se intentan responder acudiendo al ejemplo concreto de la ciudad de Lleida, población altamente representativa del entorno urbano catalán dominante en los siglos XVI y XVII. Una breve introducción al marco urbano o institucional catalán abre paso al núcleo del estudio centrado en la caracterización social de la élite gobernante. La evolución del grupo social que dirigía la ciudad, sus características socio-económicas, la movilidad de sus integrantes o sus comportamientos familiares, conforman un retrato que culmina con el análisis de sus actitudes en el gobierno municipal y su actuación política en los siglos de los Austrias.

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En este trabajo pretendemos ofrecer una visión de conjunto de la demografía de los municipios y comarcas que conforman el espacio que convencionalmente definimos como los Pirineos. Un territorio que, con mayor o menor intensidad según las coyunturas, ha vislumbrado cómo sus efectivos poblacionales han ido disminuyendo dramáticamente a lo largo de todo el siglo XX. Sin embargo, en la última década y en estos primeros años de la nueva centuria, se están detectando cambios en sus negativas dinámicas demográficas, que reflejan a su vez modificaciones de las funciones socioeconómicas que una parte de los municipios pirenaicos desempeñan en la sociedad española. Los motores que vehiculan estas nuevas tendencias son, principalmente, la combinación de las funciones turística y residencial que ahora van a desarrollar una parte de estos municipios.

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Alzheimerâs disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of progressive degenerative dementia and it has a high socio-economic impact in Western countries, therefore is one of the most active research areas today. Its diagnosis is sometimes made by excluding other dementias, and definitive confirmation must be done trough a post-mortem study of the brain tissue of the patient. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to improvement of early diagnosis of AD and its degree of severity, from an automatic analysis performed by non-invasive intelligent methods. The methods selected in this case are Automatic Spontaneous Speech Analysis (ASSA) and Emotional Temperature (ET), that have the great advantage of being non invasive, low cost and without any side effects.

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We propose an innovative, integrated, cost-effective health system to combat major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, chronic respiratory, metabolic, rheumatologic and neurologic disorders and cancers, which together are the predominant health problem of the 21st century. This proposed holistic strategy involves comprehensive patient-centered integrated care and multi-scale, multi-modal and multi-level systems approaches to tackle NCDs as a common group of diseases. Rather than studying each disease individually, it will take into account their intertwined gene-environment, socio-economic interactions and co-morbidities that lead to individual-specific complex phenotypes. It will implement a road map for predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine based on a robust and extensive knowledge management infrastructure that contains individual patient information. It will be supported by strategic partnerships involving all stakeholders, including general practitioners associated with patient-centered care. This systems medicine strategy, which will take a holistic approach to disease, is designed to allow the results to be used globally, taking into account the needs and specificities of local economies and health systems.

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This paper presents a first analysis on local electronic participatory experiences in Catalonia. The analysis is based on a database constructed and collected by the authors. The paper carries out an explanatory analysis of local initiatives in eparticipationand off line participation taking into account political variables (usually not considered in this kind of analysis) but also classical socio-economic variables that characterise municipalities. Hence, we add a quantitative analysis to the numerous case studies on local e-participation experiences. We have chosen Catalonia because is one of the European regions with more initiatives and one that has enjoyed considerable local governmental support to citizen participation initiatives since the 80s. The paper offers a characterisation of these experiences and a first explanatory analysis, considering: i) the institutional context in which these experiences are embedded, ii) the characteristics of the citizen participation processes and mechanisms on-line, and iii) a set of explanatory variables composed by the population size, thepolitical adscription of the mayor, the electoral abstention rate, age, income and level ofeducation in the municipality. The model that we present is explanatory for the municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants but it is not for the fewer than 20,000inhabitants. Actually, the number of participatory activities developed by these last municipalities is very low. Among all the variables, population size becomes the mostinfluential variable. Political variables such as political party of the mayor and the localabstention rate have a certain influence but that have to be controlled by population size.