Disseny i desenvolupament d'una plataforma web per l'empresa constructura C.KASA S.L.

El projecte consisteix en realitzar una Web per la empresa constructora C.Kasa S.L., es tracta d'una empresa relativament jove, es va crear la'ny 2005 i l'objectiu es poder aconseguir que la gent conegui m��s aquesta empresa mitjan��ant una web apostant per les noves tecnologies com a mitj�� de publicitat.

La automatizaci��n de la programaci��n diaria de tareas en el C.A.I. Fernando de Dios Bu��uel (Cuba)

Desenvolupar una eina de software que pugui automatitzar i resoldre un model matem��tic, amb l'objectiu de minimitzar les despeses de transport des del camp a una central del sucre, i a la vegada garantir l'abastament di��ri d'aquesta, per tal de minimitzar les despeses i situar adequadament els recursos disponibles.

An��lisi de tres estrat��gies de detecci�� de la infecci�� oculta pel virus de l���hepatitis C l���Atenci�� Prim��ria

Estudi observacional, prospectiu i multic��ntric per avaluar l���estrat��gia m��s efica�� per detectar casos nous d���hepatitis C (VHC). Estrat��gia 1: enviament de 5793 cartes explicatives amb una participaci�� del 4,1% i detecci�� d���un cas, estrat��gia 2: distribuci�� de p��sters i d��ptics als centres d���atenci�� prim��ria amb participaci�� de 0,3% i detecci�� d���un cas i, estrat��gia 3: revisi�� de 480 pacients amb hipertransaminas��mia sense determinaci�� VHC durant els darrers dos anys amb participaci�� del 100% i detecci�� de dos casos. Les estrat��gies 1 i 2 no s��n eficaces per a la detecci�� del VHC ocult. Per contra, l���estrat��gia tres ��s la m��s efica��.

Quan la carretera traeix el paisatge: La C-260 de Figueres a Roses, un exemple de banalitzaci�� i caos

Descripci�� i an��lisi de l���evoluci�� del paisatge de l���Alt Empord�� relacionada amb l���evoluci�� de la carretera C-260 de Figueres a Roses, ara convertida en autovia

C-H������O H-bonded complexes: how does basis set superposition error change their potential-energy surfaces?

Geometries, vibrational frequencies, and interaction energies of the CNH���O3 and HCCH���O3 complexes are calculated in a counterpoise-corrected (CP-corrected) potential-energy surface (PES) that corrects for the basis set superposition error (BSSE). Ab initio calculations are performed at the Hartree-Fock (HF) and second-order M��ller-Plesset (MP2) levels, using the 6-31G(d,p) and D95++(d,p) basis sets. Interaction energies are presented including corrections for zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) and thermal correction to enthalpy at 298 K. The CP-corrected and conventional PES are compared; the unconnected PES obtained using the larger basis set including diffuse functions exhibits a double well shape, whereas use of the 6-31G(d,p) basis set leads to a flat single-well profile. The CP-corrected PES has always a multiple-well shape. In particular, it is shown that the CP-corrected PES using the smaller basis set is qualitatively analogous to that obtained with the larger basis sets, so the CP method becomes useful to correctly describe large systems, where the use of small basis sets may be necessary

Conformations of poly{G}-poly{C} �� stacks with high hole mobility

Charge transfer properties of DNA depend strongly on the �� stack conformation. In the present paper, we identify conformations of homogeneous poly-{G}-poly-{C} stacks that should exhibit high charge mobility. Two different computational approaches were applied. First, we calculated the electronic coupling squared, V2, between adjacent base pairs for all 1 ps snapshots extracted from 15 ns molecular dynamics trajectory of the duplex G15. The average value of the coupling squared ��� V2 ��� is found to be 0.0065 eV2. Then we analyze the base-pair and step parameters of the configurations in which V2 is at least an order of magnitude larger than ��� V2 ���. To obtain more consistent data, ���65 000 configurations of the (G:C)2 stack were built using systematic screening of the step parameters shift, slide, and twist. We show that undertwisted structures (twist<20��) are of special interest, because the �� stack conformations with strong electronic couplings are found for a wide range of slide and shift. Although effective hole transfer can also occur in configurations with twist=30�� and 35��, large mutual displacements of neighboring base pairs are required for that. Overtwisted conformation (twist38��) seems to be of limited interest in the context of effective hole transfer. The results may be helpful in the search for DNA based elements for nanoelectronics

G��nere i identitats en la construcci�� d'una comunitat colonial a Emp��ries (segles VI-V a.C.)

El projecte de recerca ha analitzat la complexitat ��tnica, social i de g��nere de l���assentament colonial d���Emp��ries a partir d���un exhaustiu estudi contextual dels materials cer��mics d�����s quotidi�� provinents de diferents sectors excavats als anys vuitanta a la Ne��polis empuritana (N-7000, N-5000 i N-1000). Aquests sectors datats els segles V i IV a.C., corresponen a un moment en el qual s���est�� construint una identitat colonial diferenciada en l���espai emporit��. La comparaci�� dels aixovars dom��stics usats quotidianament pels habitants d���aquest tres sectors situats en punts distants de la Ne��polis mostra que estem davant d���un assentament colonial molt heterogeni, on conflueixen materialitats, tradicions tecnol��giques i pr��ctiques quotidianes iberes, gregues i h��brides. Els estudis de materials confirmen que no va existir una segregaci�� espacial entre poblacions d���origen grec i iber en aquest assentament i suggereixen la cohabitaci�� de gent ���tant d���homes com de dones- d���origen grec i iber a les diferents ��rees estudiades d���aquest assentament portuari. En el registre material cer��mic de totes les zones estudiades s���observa un predomini dels productes cer��mics de tradici�� grega (colonials o ��tics) en els serveis de taula, per�� no aix�� en els estris utilitzats a la cuina, que s��n majorit��riament de tradici�� ibera. Tamb�� els materials cer��mics relacionats amb l���emmagatzematge dom��stic i amb el transport i el comer�� (��mfores) s��n predominantment ibers. Aquest patr�� suggereix que els ibers que van cohabitar amb els grecs al port emporit�� no van assumir en tots els casos posicions subalternes, sin�� que tingueren un rol rellevant en la gesti�� econ��mica i comercial d���aquest espai portuari.

Sox genes in C. elegans: sox-2 role in postembryonic development

Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the Columbia University, United States, from 2010 to 2012. Expression of SoxB genes correlates with the commitment of cells to a neural fate; however, the relevance of SoxB proteins in early vertebrate neurogenesis has been difficult to prove genetically due to embryonic lethality and presumed redundant functions. The nematode C. Elegants has only 5 sox genes: sox-2 and sox-3 form the SoxB group while sem-2, sox-4 and egl-13 belong to other Sox groups. Our results show that sox-2 and sem-2 are the sox genes expressed earliest and in a broader manner during embryogenesis, being expressed in several neuronal progenitors. sox-3, sox-4 and egl-13 are expressed in few cells during late embryogenesis, when most neurons are already born. Both sox-2 and sem-2 null mutants are early larval lethal but do not show neuronal specification defects during embryonic development as indicated by quantification of a panneuronal reporter. Potential redundancy or compensatory mechanisms between different sox genes have been ruled out, strongly suggesting that sox genes are not required for specification of embryonically-derived neurons. However, at the first larval stage there are still several blast cells that will give rise to different postembryonic lineages, which generate several neurons amongst other cell types. nterestingly, sox-2 is expressed in many of these progenitor cells. Using mosaic analysis we have so far identified neurons derived from two different postembryonic lineages which fail to be generated in C. elegans sox-2 mutants. These results support the idea that postembryonic progenitor competence is compromised in the absence of sox-2.

Evidence for classification of c.1852_1853AA>GC in MLH1 as a neutral variant for Lynch syndrome

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome characterized by early onset cancers of the colorectum, endometrium and other tumours. A significant proportion of DNA variants in LS patients are unclassified. Reports on the pathogenicity of the c.1852_1853AA>GC (p.Lys618Ala) variant of the MLH1 gene are conflicting. In this study, we provide new evidence indicating that this variant has no significant implications for LS.Methods: The following approach was used to assess the clinical significance of the p.Lys618Ala variant: frequency in a control population, case-control comparison, co-occurrence of the p.Lys618Ala variant with a pathogenic mutation, co-segregation with the disease and microsatellite instability in tumours from carriers of the variant. We genotyped p.Lys618Ala in 1034 individuals (373 sporadic colorectal cancer [CRC] patients, 250 index subjects from families suspected of having LS [revised Bethesda guidelines] and 411 controls). Three well-characterized LS families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II Criteria and consisted of members with the p.Lys618Ala variant were included to assess co-occurrence and co-segregation. A subset of colorectal tumour DNA samples from 17 patients carrying the p.Lys618Ala variant was screened for microsatellite instability using five mononucleotide markers.Results: Twenty-seven individuals were heterozygous for the p.Lys618Ala variant; nine had sporadic CRC (2.41%), seven were suspected of having hereditary CRC (2.8%) and 11 were controls (2.68%). There were no significant associations in the case-control and case-case studies. The p.Lys618Ala variant was co-existent with pathogenic mutations in two unrelated LS families. In one family, the allele distribution of the pathogenic and unclassified variant was in trans, in the other family the pathogenic variant was detected in the MSH6 gene and only the deleterious variant co-segregated with the disease in both families. Only two positive cases of microsatellite instability (2/17, 11.8%) were detected in tumours from p.Lys618Ala carriers, indicating that this variant does not play a role in functional inactivation of MLH1 in CRC patients.Conclusions: The p.Lys618Ala variant should be considered a neutral variant for LS. These findings have implications for the clinical management of CRC probands and their relatives.

CB1 knockout mice display impaired functionality of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/C receptors

Interaction between brain endocannabinoid (EC) and serotonin (5-HT) systems was investigated by examining 5-HT-dependent behavioural and biochemical responses in CB1 receptor knockout mice. CB1 knockout animals exhibited a significant reduction in the induction of head twitches and paw tremor by the 5-HT2A receptor selective agonist (���)DOI, as well as a reduced hypothermic response following administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (��)-8-OH-DPAT. Additionally, exposure to the tail suspension test induced enhanced despair responses in CB1 knockout mice. However, the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and the 5-HT selective reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine induced similar decreases in the time of immobility in the tail suspension test in CB1 receptor knockout and wild-type mice. No differences were found between both genotypes with regard to 5-HT2A receptor and 5-HT1A receptors levels, measured by autoradiography in different brain areas. However, a significant decrease in the ability of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (��)-8-OH-DPAT to stimulate ���35S���GTP���S binding was detected in the hippocampal CA1 area of CB1 receptor knockout mice. This study provides evidence that CB1 receptors are involved in the regulation of serotonergic responses mediated by 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, and suggests that a reduced coupling of 5-HT1A receptors to Gi/o proteins in the hippocampus might be involved in these effects.

Bradykinin, but not muscarinic, inhibition of M-current in rat sympathetic ganglion neurons involves phospholipase C-��4

Rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons express low-threshold noninactivating M-type potassium channels (I-K(M)), which can be inhibited by activation of M-1 muscarinic receptors (M-1 mAChR) and bradykinin (BK) B-2 receptors. Inhibition by the M1 mAChR agonist oxotremorine methiodide (Oxo-M) is mediated, at least in part, by the pertussis toxin-insensitive G-protein G alpha (q) (Caulfield et al., 1994; Haley et al., 1998a), whereas BK inhibition involves G alpha (q) and/or G alpha (11) (Jones et al., 1995). G alpha (q) and G alpha (11) can stimulate phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta), raising the possibility that PLC is involved in I-K(M) inhibition by Oxo-M and BK. RT-PCR and antibody staining confirmed the presence of PLC-beta1, - beta2, - beta3, and - beta4 in rat SCG. We have tested the role of two PLC isoforms (PLC-beta1 and PLC-beta4) using antisense-expression constructs. Antisense constructs, consisting of the cytomegalovirus promoter driving antisense cRNA corresponding to the 3'-untranslated regions of PLC-beta1 and PLC-beta4, were injected into the nucleus of dissociated SCG neurons. Injected cells showed reduced antibody staining for the relevant PLC-beta isoform when compared to uninjected cells 48 hr later. BK inhibition of I-K(M) was significantly reduced 48 hr after injection of the PLC-beta4, but not the PLC-beta1, antisense-encoding plasmid. Neither PLC-beta antisense altered M-1 mAChR inhibition by Oxo-M. These data support the conclusion of Cruzblanca et al. (1998) that BK, but not M-1 mAChR, inhibition of I-K(M) involves PLC and extends this finding by indicating that PLC-beta4 is involved.

Genetic and genomic analysis modeling of germline c-MYC overexpression and cancer susceptibility

Background: Germline genetic variation is associated with the differential expression of many human genes. The phenotypic effects of this type of variation may be important when considering susceptibility to common genetic diseases. Three regions at 8q24 have recently been identified to independently confer risk of prostate cancer. Variation at 8q24 has also recently been associated with risk of breast and colorectal cancer. However, none of the risk variants map at or relatively close to known genes, with c-MYC mapping a few hundred kilobases distally. Results: This study identifies cis-regulators of germline c-MYC expression in immortalized lymphocytes of HapMap individuals. Quantitative analysis of c-MYC expression in normal prostate tissues suggests an association between overexpression and variants in Region 1 of prostate cancer risk. Somatic c-MYC overexpression correlates with prostate cancer progression and more aggressive tumor forms, which was also a pathological variable associated with Region 1. Expression profiling analysis and modeling of transcriptional regulatory networks predicts a functional association between MYC and the prostate tumor suppressor KLF6. Analysis of MYC/Myc-driven cell transformation and tumorigenesis substantiates a model in which MYC overexpression promotes transformation by down-regulating KLF6. In this model, a feedback loop through E-cadherin down-regulation causes further transactivation of c-MYC.Conclusion: This study proposes that variation at putative 8q24 cis-regulator(s) of transcription can significantly alter germline c-MYC expression levels and, thus, contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility by down-regulating the prostate tumor suppressor KLF6 gene.

C. El segle de les grans barb��ries

Cont��: Un d��a cualquiera de agosto; Hace diez a��os, la URSS���; Termina una verg��enza de Europa; Del nacional arabismo al islamismo; El Imperio vuelve a tener enemigo; La ca��da del tirano; La Normand��a a Iraq; Derrota y rehabilitaci��n de Europa; La gran met��fora de la plaza Roja; Los derechos humanos y la realidad; El siglo de la guerra total (1); El siglo de la guerra total (y 2); Memoria del muro de Berl��n

Cost del tractament del SIDA i d'Hepatitis C per a l'Estat : Comparaci�� de la despesa d'una persona en llibertat vs. un pres

Un dels principals motius que ens va impulsar en l���elecci�� del tema ��s que es tracta d���untema que pot despertar curiositat entre la poblaci��.Un altre motiu, es que varem trobar que est�� ��ntimament relacionat amb els estudis queestem cursant, donat que afecta als pressupostos de l���estat i a la seva restricci��pressupost��ria, i per tant, est�� directament relacionat amb la macroeconomia. En el nostrecas, reduirem l�����mbit d���estudi al territori catal��, de manera que estudiarem aquestes duesmalalties dins la despesa en sanitat p��blica catalana. A dem��s, estan finan��ades amb elsnostres impostos, i per tant la seva despesa afecta a la restricci�� pressupost��ria delsciutadans.L���elecci�� d���aquestes malalties no ha estat feta a l���atzar. Inicialment, varem pensar enestudiar els costos dels interns penitenciaris que patien aquestes malalties. Com que laSIDA i d���hepatitis C s��n les malalties m��s freq��ents dins la pres��, i les que tenen unscostos m��s caracter��stics donada la complexitat dels seus tractaments, varem pensar queserien prou representatives.No obstant, a mesura que ens an��vem endinsant en el tema, ens varem adonar que tamb��seria molt interessant comparar el cost de les malalties amb el de les persones no recluses, iesbrinar si hi havia algun tipus de cost diferencial. ��s per aix�� que varem decidir analitzaraquestes dues malalties tant dins com fora.Un altre factor que ens ha impulsat en l���elecci�� del tema ��s el fet que el nombre d���interns ales presons t�� un ritme de creixement constant que s���ha accelerat en els ��ltims anys,sobretot degut a l���augment de la immigraci��. Aix�� implica un augment progressiu de ladespesa, que es tradueix en una necessitat d���ingressos majors per tal de poder equilibrar larestricci�� de la qual parl��vem abans.Tamb�� varem voler anar una mica m��s lluny i analitzar el pes d���aquestes malalties dins dela despesa que la generalitat ha establert per a la sanitat p��blica. Com les dues son MDO (malalties de declaraci�� obligat��ria ) estan finan��ades completament pel sector p��blic.L���objectiu era veure si representaven un cost tant elevat com pens��vem.OBJECTIUS DEL TREBALL:�� Demostrar l���elevat cost que suposen certes malalties per l���estat.�� Manifestar els canvis en el cost de les malalties amb l���evoluci�� delstractaments.�� Analitzar els costos sanitaris extres que es produeixen a les presons.�� Destacar l���augment accelerat del nombre d���interns i l���augment del cost sanitarique aix�� suposa. METODOLOGIA: Per tal de poder realitzar l���estudi comparatiu, hem hagut de calcular manualment els costosde les malalties, tot informant-nos del preu dels medicament, les dosis, el cost de lesconsultes externes,etc. A m��s, per a calcular el cost del tractament dins la pres��, ens hemhagut d���informar dels aspectes m��s generals que envolten a un pres, per poder veure sirealment existeix un cost diferencial respecte la malaltia a l���exterior. Per obtenir aquestesdiverses informacions, ens hem hagut de posar en contacte amb el personal que treballa ala pres�� que hem pres com a model d���estudi.Aix��, podem dividir les nostres fonts d���informaci�� en 3 categories:��� Obtenci�� d���informaci�� directament amb el personal de la pres��:��� Entrevista amb la directora d���infermeria de la Secretaria de ServeisPenitenciaris, Rehabilitaci�� i Just��cia Juvenil��� Entrevista amb la Cap d���infermeria del Centre Quatre Camins.��� Informaci�� a partir de mostres facilitades pels propis funcionaris de la pres����� Informaci�� a partir d���estudis sobre el tema i de dades oficials, concretament lesdades oficials sobre els Pressupostos de la Generalitat.

Un programa de atenci��n multidisciplinar al paciente con hepatitis cr��nica C mejora la eficacia del tratamiento con peginterferon alfa-2a y ribavirina.

La adherencia al tratamiento antiviral de la hepatitis cr��nica C (HCC) es una variable importante en la obtenci��n de la respuesta viral sostenida (RVS). El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto de un programa de atenci��n multidisciplinar (PAM) en la adherencia y eficacia del tratamiento de la HCC. Se incluyeron 447 pacientes tratados con peginterfer��n-alfa-2a y ribavirina y se clasificaron en tres grupos: grupo control (2003-2004, n=147), grupo PAM (2005-2006, n=131) y grupo Validaci��n-PAM (2007-2009, n=169). La adherencia y los porcentajes de RVS fueron superiores en los pacientes incluidos en los grupos PAM (94.6% y 77.1%) y Validaci��n-PAM (91.7% y 74.6%) en comparaci��n con el grupo control (78.9% y 61.9%) (p<0.05 para todos los casos).