Influència de l'educació sanitària en l'adaptació dels pacients ostomitzats a la nova situació produïda per l'ostomia digestiva

Introducció: Les persones ostomitzades presenten una sèrie de canvis de tipus fisiològic, psicològic i social, els quals els obliga a adaptar-se a la seva vida diària. Per adaptar-se a aquesta nova situació utilitzen una sèrie d'estratègies d'afrontament, sent l'acceptació el producte final. Per a que les estratègies adoptades siguin les més efectives, han de rebre una educació sanitària adequada.Contràriament, l'escassetat d'educació sanitària o l'educació sanitària inadequada que reben aquests pacients és un problema real que ens trobem en l'actualitat.Objectiu: Conèixer si l'educació sanitària rebuda pels pacients ostomitzats, té influencia en la seva adaptació a la nova situació produïda per l'ostomia digestiva.Metodologia: Estudi qualitatiu fenomenològic, on les dades es recolliran a través d'entrevistessemiestructurades a pacients amb ostomia digestiva, els quals van rebre l'alta hospitalària fa almenys 2 mesos. Les entrevistes seran gravades, transcrites i analitzades, utilitzant en aquest últim pas la triangulació d'investigadors. La mostra serà de tipus intencional, la seleccionaré a l'Hospital Universitàri de Bellvitge entre els pacients que acudeixen a la consulta de la infermera estomaterapeuta, i el seu tamany estarà definit per la saturació teòrica. L'estudi estarà reglat en tot moment pel dret a la intimitat, incloent en aquest l'anonimat i la confidencialitat, i el dret a la lliure decisió.Consideracions finals: Inclou una explicació argumentada sobre els meus punts febles i forts del treball, una reflexió sobre la satisfacció amb les competències que he adquirit i finalment una autoavaluació dels resultats del meu aprenentatge.

Comprender la experiencia de la mujer ingresada con pre-eclampsia y eclampsia

Introducción: La preeclampsia/eclampsia es una enfermedad del embarazo que puede producir cambios en el estado emocional de la mujer por su prolongado ingreso hospitalario. Objetivo: Conocer las experiencias vividas por las mujeres con preeclampsia/eclampsia durante el ingreso hospitalario. Los objetivos que se tendrán en cuenta serán conocer cómo se modifica el rol propio dentro de la organización familiar, conocer cómo impacta su ingreso respecto a suestado emocional, conocer cómo les afecta la estructura de la unidad a su estado emocional y conocer qué necesidades y/o cuidados terapéuticos reciben respeto al equipo sanitario. Ámbito: El estudio se realizará en el Hospital de la Vall d’ Hebrón de Barcelona. Metodología: Estudio fenomenológico. La muestra se escogerá intencionadamente que cumplirá con los criterios de inclusión (mujeres ingresadas por preeclampsia/eclampsia en launidad de materno infantil de la Vall d’ Hebrón de Barcelona), y se terminará hasta llegar al nivel de saturación teórico. Los datos se recogerán a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y de la observación participante. Consideraciones finales: Dada la baja incidencia que existe tanto a nivel nacional como internacional en estudios de este tipo, un estudio cualitativo que ayude a conocer las experiencias de las mujeres ingresadas por preeclampsia podría ayudar a mejorar la calidad y práctica asistencial enfermera.

Application of the Mutual Information Minimization to speaker recognition / identification improvement

In this paper we propose the inversion of nonlinear distortions in order to improve the recognition rates of a speaker recognizer system. We study the effect of saturations on the test signals, trying to take into account real situations where the training material has been recorded in a controlled situation but the testing signals present some mismatch with the input signal level (saturations). The experimental results for speaker recognition shows that a combination of several strategies can improve the recognition rates with saturated test sentences from 80% to 89.39%, while the results with clean speech (without saturation) is 87.76% for one microphone, and for speaker identification can reduce the minimum detection cost function with saturated test sentences from 6.42% to 4.15%, while the results with clean speech (without saturation) is 5.74% for one microphone and 7.02% for the other one.

Magnetization reversal mechanisms in colloidal dispersions of magnetite particles

We have studied the structural and magnetic properties of colloids consisting of different concentrations of magnetite particles dispersed in kerosene. Our data for the temperature dependence of the low field magnetization and the saturation coercive force of the samples evidenced the occurrence, in different temperature ranges, of Neel- and Brown-type relaxation processes whose characteristics were largely influenced by strong dipolar interparticle interactions.

La Costa Brava ante los nuevos retos del turismo

The first section of this paper summarises the most relevant charateristics of the contemporary tourist model, also called postfordist or postmodernist. In the second part the traditional tourist model developed in the Costa Brava in the past decades, is reviewed. Emphasising the saturation of tourist facilities on the coast line, expansive urban growth, thanks to a tolerant administration, poor complementary supply and concentrated demand in few markets and the proximity of Barcelona conurbation, stressed by second homes. In the third section, some strategies developed in recent years to readapt the Costa Brava to the new tendencies in tourism, are presented. Incorporation of the inland to the tourist product, new planning policics, lessening urban densities and height, and a change in mind in favour of protected natural areas, diversification of demand with new markets, specially form Eastern Europe (although this might be considered as a continuation ofthe traditional tourist model) and the emergence of local strategies oriented towards the creation of new tourist products based upon natural and cultural resources

Análisis empresarial de las cooperativas del sector de la fruta dulce en Cataluña

El cooperativismo agrario ha estado ligado desde sus orígenes al sector de las frutas y hortalizas, sector que arrastra desde hace años una problemática de carácter estructural, incrementada, sobretodo en el caso de la fruta, por las graves crisis de precios, la saturación de los mercados y una competencia creciente de las importaciones de terceros países. En este difícil marco, los productores deben seguir invirtiendo para mantener la competitividad y la rentabilidad de sus explotaciones, y las cooperativas, por su importancia económica, deben acometer políticas que permitan garantizar la viabilidad de dicho sector. En el presente trabajo realizamos un análisis del sector cooperativo frutícola catalán, con el fin de detectar sus puntos fuertes y débiles, así como posibles carencias y demandas. Las conclusiones muestran que las cooperativas son importantes en el sector de la fruticultura, debido sobretodo a su contribución activa a la conservación del territorio y su papel generador de empleo en numerosas zonas rurales. Pero se hace necesario la adopción de firmes decisiones y la implantación de medidas de apoyo que permitan garantizar los intereses de los socios y las necesidades de los consumidores.

Steady-state global optimization of metabolic non-linear dynamic models through recasting into power-law canonical models

Background: Design of newly engineered microbial strains for biotechnological purposes would greatly benefit from the development of realistic mathematical models for the processes to be optimized. Such models can then be analyzed and, with the development and application of appropriate optimization techniques, one could identify the modifications that need to be made to the organism in order to achieve the desired biotechnological goal. As appropriate models to perform such an analysis are necessarily non-linear and typically non-convex, finding their global optimum is a challenging task. Canonical modeling techniques, such as Generalized Mass Action (GMA) models based on the power-law formalism, offer a possible solution to this problem because they have a mathematical structure that enables the development of specific algorithms for global optimization. Results: Based on the GMA canonical representation, we have developed in previous works a highly efficient optimization algorithm and a set of related strategies for understanding the evolution of adaptive responses in cellular metabolism. Here, we explore the possibility of recasting kinetic non-linear models into an equivalent GMA model, so that global optimization on the recast GMA model can be performed. With this technique, optimization is greatly facilitated and the results are transposable to the original non-linear problem. This procedure is straightforward for a particular class of non-linear models known as Saturable and Cooperative (SC) models that extend the power-law formalism to deal with saturation and cooperativity. Conclusions: Our results show that recasting non-linear kinetic models into GMA models is indeed an appropriate strategy that helps overcoming some of the numerical difficulties that arise during the global optimization task.

Electron tunneling in heavily In-doped polycrystalline CdS films

The electrical properties of heavily In‐doped polycrystalline CdS films have been studied as a function of the doping level. The films were prepared by vacuum coevaporation of CdS and In. Conductivity and Hall measurements were performed over the temperature range 77-400 K. The conductivity decreases weakly with the temperature and shows a tendency towards saturation at low temperatures. A simple relationship σ=σ0(1+βT2) is found in the low‐temperature range. The temperature dependence of the mobility is similar to that of the conductivity since the Hall coefficient is found to be a constant in the whole temperature range. We interpret the experimental results in terms of a modified version of grain‐boundary trapping Seto"s model, taking into account thermionic emission and tunneling of carriers through the potential barriers. The barriers are found to be high and narrow, and tunneling becomes the predominating transport mechanism.

Neutron skin thickness in the droplet model with surface width dependence: Indications of softness of the nuclear symmetry energy

We analyze the neutron skin thickness in finite nuclei with the droplet model and effective nuclear interactions. The ratio of the bulk symmetry energy J to the so-called surface stiffness coefficient Q has in the droplet model a prominent role in driving the size of neutron skins. We present a correlation between the density derivative of the nuclear symmetry energy at saturation and the J/Q ratio. We emphasize the role of the surface widths of the neutron and proton density profiles in the calculation of the neutron skin thickness when one uses realistic mean-field effective interactions. Next, taking as experimental baseline the neutron skin sizes measured in 26 antiprotonic atoms along the mass table, we explore constraints arising from neutron skins on the value of the J/Q ratio. The results favor a relatively soft symmetry energy at subsaturation densities. Our predictions are compared with the recent constraints derived from other experimental observables. Though the various extractions predict different ranges of values, one finds a narrow window L∼45-75 MeV for the coefficient L that characterizes the density derivative of the symmetry energy that is compatible with all the different empirical indications.

Incompressibility of neutron-rich matter

The saturation properties of neutron-rich matter are investigated in a relativistic mean-field formalism using two accurately calibrated models: NL3 and FSUGold. The saturation properties density, binding energy per nucleon, and incompressibility coefficient are calculated as a function of the neutron-proton asymmetry α≡(N-Z)/A to all orders in α. Good agreement (at the 10% level or better) is found between these numerical calculations and analytic expansions that are given in terms of a handful of bulk parameters determined at saturation density. Using insights developed from the analytic approach and a general expression for the incompressibility coefficient of infinite neutron-rich matter, i.e., K0(α)=K0+Kτα2+ , we construct a hybrid model with values for K0 and Kτ as suggested by recent experimental findings. Whereas the hybrid model provides a better description of the measured distribution of isoscalar monopole strength in the Sn isotopes relative to both NL3 and FSUGold, it significantly underestimates the distribution of strength in 208Pb. Thus, we conclude that the incompressibility coefficient of neutron-rich matter remains an important open problem.

Roger-Guy Werner (1901-1977)

Alors qu'il travaillait les lichens dans son laboratoire, chez lui à Nancy, le Professeur Werner s'écroula, victime d'une attaque cérébrale. Hospitalisé, il mourait quatre semaines après, le 28 mars 1977. Son travail, consacré surtout à la cryptogamie, et notamment à la recherche lichénologique, l'avait donc accompagné jusqu'à la fin de sa vie.

Speaker recognition improvement using blind inversion of distortions

In this paper we propose the inversion of nonlinear distortions in order to improve the recognition rates of a speaker recognizer system. We study the effect of saturations on the test signals, trying to take into account real situations where the training material has been recorded in a controlled situation but the testing signals present some mismatch with the input signal level (saturations). The experimental results shows that a combination of several strategies can improve the recognition rates with saturated test sentences from 80% to 89.39%, while the results with clean speech (without saturation) is 87.76% for one microphone.

Thin Film Transistors obtained by Hot-Wire CVD

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films obtained at low temperature (150-280°C) by hot wire chemical vapour deposition at two different process pressures were measured by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS). A crystalline fraction >90% with a subgap optical absortion 10 cm -1 at 0.8 eV were obtained in films deposited at growth rates >0.8 nm/s. These films were incorporated in n-channel thin film transistors and their electrical properties were measured. The saturation mobility was 0.72 ± 0.05 cm 2/ V s and the threshold voltage around 0.2 eV. The dependence of their conductance activation energies on gate voltages were related to the properties of the material.

Growth and magnetic characterization of Co nanoparticles obtained by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition.

We present a detailed study on the morphology and magnetic properties of Co nanostructures deposited onto oxidized Si substrates by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition. Generally, Co disks of nanometric dimensions are obtained just above the ablation threshold, with a size distribution characterized by an increasingly larger number of disks as their size diminishes, and with a maximum disk size that depends on the laser power density. In Au/Co/Au structures, in-plane magnetic anisotropy is observed in all cases, with no indication of superparamagnetism regardless of the amount of material or the laser power density. Magnetic force microscopy observations show coexistence of single-domain and vortex states for the magnetic domain structure of the disks. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements point to saturation magnetization values lower than the bulk, probably due to partial oxidation of the Co resulting from incomplete coverage by the Au capping layer.

Hydrology, light and the use of organic and inorganic materials as structuring factors of biological communities in Mediterranean streams

Hydrological disturbances, light availability and nutrients are the most relevant factors determining the structure of the biological communities in Mediterranean rivers. While some hydrological disturbances are able to induce catastrophic effects, which may cause a complete reset in physical and biological conditions, continued enrichment or changes in light availability are factors leading to the progressive shift in the communities of autotrophs and heterotrophs in the systems. Primary production in Mediterranean streams shows relevant seasonal changes which mainly follows the variations in light availability. In most forested streams, the algal community is shade-adapted. Nutrient enrichment (especially phosphorus) leads to marked increases in primary production, but this increase is not lineal and there is a saturation of algal biomass even in the most enriched systems. The heterotrophs (bacteria, fungi) are related to the pattern of DOC availability (which most depends on the seasonal discharge and leaf fall dynamics) and to the available substrata in the stream. It has been repeatedly observed that shorttime increases of extracellular enzyme activities are related to the accumulation of autochthonous (algal) and/or allochthonous (leaves) organic matter on the streambed during spring and summer, this being more remarkable in dry than in wetter years. Flow reduction favours detritus concentration in pools, and the subsequent increase in the density and biomass of the macroinvertebrate community. In Mediterranean streams collectors are accounting for the highest density and biomass, this being more remarkable in the least permanent systems, in accordance with the effect of floods on the organic matter availability. Nutrients, through the effect on the primary producers, also affect the trophic food web in the streams by favouring the predominance of grazers