Trabajo final de carrera .NET : protectora de animales

Para justificar el proyecto, durante la fase de elaboración del plan de trabajo, se examinaron diversas webs de sociedades protectoras de animales, haciendo un análisis exhaustivo de las que se consideraron más representativas. Tras la realización de un análisis de varios proyectos similares al que planteaba la propuesta del enunciado, se detectaron diversas deficiencias en las webs analizadas. Con el proyecto se ha conseguido como productos la aplicación web y los documentos de Planificación del Trabajo, Diseño y Análisis de Proyecto y los manuales entregados con la Implementación.La aplicación web ha resultado finalmente un producto amigable e intuitivo que cumple todos los requisitos expuestos en el enunciado así como todas las funcionalidades que se detallan a continuación en las síntesis de cada una de las fases de trabajo.

Ecological Footprint Inequality: A methodological review and some results

Scarcities of environmental services are no longer merely a remote hypothesis. Consequently, analysis of their inequalities between nations becomes of paramount importance for the achievement of sustainability in terms either of international policy, or of Universalist ethical principles of equity. This paper aims, on the one hand, at revising methodological aspects of the inequality measurement of certain environmental data and, on the other, at extending the scarce empirical evidence relating to the international distribution of Ecological Footprint (EF), by using a longer EF time series. Most of the techniques currently important in the literature are revised and then tested on EF data with interesting results. We look in depth at Lorenz dominance analyses and consider the underlying properties of different inequality indices. Those indices which fit best with environmental inequality measurements are CV2 and GE(2) because of their neutrality property, however a trade-off may occur when subgroup decompositions are performed. A weighting factor decomposition method is proposed in order to isolate weighting factor changes in inequality growth rates. Finally, the only non-ambiguous way of decomposing inequality by source is the natural decomposition of CV2, which additionally allows the interpretation of marginal term contributions. Empirically, this paper contributes to the environmental inequality measurement of EF: this inequality has been quite stable and its change over time is due to per capita vector changes rather than population changes. Almost the entirety of the EF inequality is explainable by differences in the means between the countries of the World Bank group. This finding suggests that international environmental agreements should be attempted on a regional basis in an attempt to achieve greater consensus between the parties involved. Additionally, source decomposition warns of the dangers of confining CO2 emissions reduction to crop-based energies because of the implications for basic needs satisfaction.

Ecological Footprint Inequality across countries: the role of environment intensity, income and interaction effects

Recently, White (2007) analysed the international inequalities in Ecological Footprints per capita (EF hereafter) based on a two-factor decomposition of an index from the Atkinson family (Atkinson (1970)). Specifically, this paper evaluated the separate role of environment intensity (EF/GDP) and average income as explanatory factors for these global inequalities. However, in addition to other comments on their appeal, this decomposition suffers from the serious limitation of the omission of the role exerted by probable factorial correlation (York et al. (2005)). This paper proposes, by way of an alternative, a decomposition of a conceptually similar index like Theil’s (Theil, 1967) which, in effect, permits clear decomposition in terms of the role of both factors plus an inter-factor correlation, in line with Duro and Padilla (2006). This decomposition might, in turn, be extended to group inequality components (Shorrocks, 1980), an analysis that cannot be conducted in the case of the Atkinson indices. The proposed methodology is implemented empirically with the aim of analysing the international inequalities in EF per capita for the 1980-2007 period and, amongst other results, we find that, indeed, the interactive component explains, to a significant extent, the apparent pattern of stability observed in overall international inequalities.

Ecological Footprint Inequality: A methodological review and some results

Scarcities of environmental services are no longer merely a remote hypothesis. Consequently, analysis of their inequalities between nations becomes of paramount importance for the achievement of sustainability in terms either of international policy, or of Universalist ethical principles of equity. This paper aims, on the one hand, at revising methodological aspects of the inequality measurement of certain environmental data and, on the other, at extending the scarce empirical evidence relating to the international distribution of Ecological Footprint (EF), by using a longer EF time series. Most of the techniques currently important in the literature are revised and then tested on EF data with interesting results. We look in depth at Lorenz dominance analyses and consider the underlying properties of different inequality indices. Those indices which fit best with environmental inequality measurements are CV2 and GE(2) because of their neutrality property, however a trade-off may occur when subgroup decompositions are performed. A weighting factor decomposition method is proposed in order to isolate weighting factor changes in inequality growth rates. Finally, the only non-ambiguous way of decomposing inequality by source is the natural decomposition of CV2, which additionally allows the interpretation of marginal term contributions. Empirically, this paper contributes to the environmental inequality measurement of EF: this inequality has been quite stable and its change over time is due to per capita vector changes rather than population changes. Almost the entirety of the EF inequality is explainable by differences in the means between the countries of the World Bank group. This finding suggests that international environmental agreements should be attempted on a regional basis in an attempt to achieve greater consensus between the parties involved. Additionally, source decomposition warns of the dangers of confining CO2 emissions reduction to crop-based energies because of the implications for basic needs satisfaction. Keywords: ecological footprint; ecological inequality measurement, inequality decomposition.

Ecological Footprint Inequality across countries: the role of environment intensity, income and interaction effects

Recently, White (2007) analysed the international inequalities in Ecological Footprints per capita (EF hereafter) based on a two-factor decomposition of an index from the Atkinson family (Atkinson (1970)). Specifically, this paper evaluated the separate role of environment intensity (EF/GDP) and average income as explanatory factors for these global inequalities. However, in addition to other comments on their appeal, this decomposition suffers from the serious limitation of the omission of the role exerted by probable factorial correlation (York et al. (2005)). This paper proposes, by way of an alternative, a decomposition of a conceptually similar index like Theil’s (Theil, 1967) which, in effect, permits clear decomposition in terms of the role of both factors plus an inter-factor correlation, in line with Duro and Padilla (2006). This decomposition might, in turn, be extended to group inequality components (Shorrocks, 1980), an analysis that cannot be conducted in the case of the Atkinson indices. The proposed methodology is implemented empirically with the aim of analysing the international inequalities in EF per capita for the 1980-2007 period and, amongst other results, we find that, indeed, the interactive component explains, to a significant extent, the apparent pattern of stability observed in overall international inequalities. Key words: ecological footprint; international environmental distribution; inequality decomposition

Síntesis y estudio estructural de nuevos γ-péptidos ciclobutánicos

En el presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo la síntesis y el estudio estructural de tres series diferentes de γ-péptidos conteniendo un ciclobutano como elemento constrictor del esqueleto péptidico. También se han sintetizado una serie de γ-péptidos híbridos formados a partir de monómeros ciclobutánicos y un derivado de prolina para su potencial uso como péptidos capaces de penetrar en las células (CPPs).

Arqueología de la producción agrícola. Aplicación de técnicas de análisis estadístico y geocomputacional a un caso de estudio del IV-II milenio ANE en la Cuenca del Río Grande (Perú)

Muchas investigaciones arqueobotánicas, desde un enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo, limitan el propio campo de estudio a los análisis de presencia/ausencia y/o de frecuencia de taxones a partir de su recuento en los conjuntos vegetales. De esa manera, los datos proporcionados resultan ser inconcluyentes y no fiables para la reconstrucción del paleoambiente, la determinación de la dieta alimenticia y de la práctica económica realizada (recolección VS agricultura), y totalmente insuficientes para determinar los cambios históricos ocurridos en los procesos productivos. Por lo que concierne el Perú, desde los primeros estudios con referencia a restos vegetales recuperados en yacimientos arqueológicos, principalmente de la costa, se documenta el importante papel que han desarrollado las especies vegetales en la vida de las comunidades pre-hispánicas. No obstante la excepcional abundancia y óptima preservación de este tipo de material (botánico) en muchos de los yacimientos arqueológicos de esta región, gracias a las extremas condiciones climáticas y ambientales sobre todo de sus áridas zonas costeras, los estudios arqueobotánicos desarrollados hasta el momento son muy escasos y las limitaciones análiticas que presentan en su mayoría reflejan la poca importancia dada a las investigaciones arqueobotánicas. En el presente trabajo desarrollamos y aplicamos una metodología analítica de tipo cuantitativa para el estudio de los macrorestos vegetales procedentes de un yacimiento de la Costa sur del Perú. Con ello pretendemos obtener datos representativos y objetivos de los conjuntos analizados, cuyo procesado lleve a una exhaustiva y correcta interpretación de la información.

The building blocks of international ecological footprint inequality: a regression-based decomposition

This paper performs an empirical Decomposition of International Inequality in Ecological Footprint in order to quantify to what extent explanatory variables such as a country’s affluence, economic structure, demographic characteristics, climate and technology contributed to international differences in terms of natural resource consumption during the period 1993-2007. We use a Regression-Based Inequality Decomposition approach. As a result, the methodology extends qualitatively the results obtained in standard environmental impact regressions as it comprehends further social dimensions of the Sustainable Development concept, i.e. equity within generations. The results obtained point to prioritizing policies that take into account both future and present generations.