Information networks and worker recruitment

This paper studies experimentally how the existence of social information networks affects the ways in which firms recruit new personnel. Through such networks firms learn about prospective employees' performance in previous jobs. Assuming individualistic preferences social networks are predicted not to affect overall labor market behavior, while with social preferences the prediction is that when bilaterally negotiated: (i) wages will be higher and (ii) that workers in jobs with incomplete contracts will respond with higher effort. Our experimental results are consistent with the social preferences view, both for the case of excess demand and excess supply of labor. In particular, the presence of information networks leads to more efficient allocations.

Evaluación agronómica e industrial del material vegetal de avellano en Cataluña. Estudio de nuevas aplicaciones tecnológicas de la avellana

Los frutos secos representan un peso notable en la producción final agrícola española, siendo nuestro país el segundo productor mundial de almendra (55.000 tm grano) y el cuarto de avellana (9.000 tm grano). En el caso del avellano, la superficie de España es de unas 25.000 ha (MAPA, 2000), concentrándose el 95 % de la misma en Cataluña y, más concretamente en Tarragona (18.000 ha), donde el avellano es, en diversas comarcas, una importante fuente de ingresos. Durante las últimas décadas, el sector ha estado sometido a fuertes crisis debido al descenso de precios causado, entre otros motivos, por la existencia o no de acuerdos comerciales entre la UE y Turquía sobre este fruto seco, por las oscilaciones del dólar y la competencia creciente de Turquía, que produce casi el 75 % del total mundial y cuyos costes de producción son más reducidos, por disponer de mano de obra más barata y mejores condiciones edafoclimáticas para el cultivo. Un problema adicional de la avellana española en dicho periodo, fue la poca calidad del producto obtenido, motivada por la realización inadecuada de una serie de prácticas de recogida y de postcosecha. La variedad 'Negret' es la base de la producción de avellana española para industria y, junto con la ‘Pauetet’, constituyen el tipo comercial ‘negreta’ que es el que obtiene mejor precio en el mercado nacional. Ello es debido a sus buenas características organolépticas y elevada aptitud al tostado, que constituye el punto de partida de la mayoría de aplicaciones comerciales. Por otra parte, constituye, también, la base de la producción de la Denominación de Origen ‘Avellana de Reus’. Tradicionalmente esta variedad adolece de importantes problemas de tipo agronómico (poco vigor, rebrotante, sensible a clorosis férrica, asfixia del suelo, muy virosada, etc.) y comercial (facilidad de enranciamiento, calibres pequeños, etc.), situación que ha inducido, en la última década, a la introducción de variedades foráneas (‘Tonda Giffoni’ y ‘Tonda Romana’) que en principio no presentan estos problemas. Sin embargo, la sustitución de la variedad autóctona ‘Negret’ por otras nuevas supondría la pérdida de un carácter diferencial para la producción española, que debe evaluarse con sumo cuidado.

El Real Conservatorio de Artes (1824-1850): Orígenes y gestación de la ingeniería industrial moderna

El "Conservatorio de Artes" tuvo un origen Ilustrado, emulando a su homónimo parisino, pero nació durante el absolutismo (1824), tras un frustrado intento afrancesado (1810). Absorbió al "Gabinete de Máquinas" y tuvo como primer director a López de Peñalver. Supuso un puente entre la Ilustración y la Ingeniería Industrial decimonónica, sobre todo, a partir de la institucionalización del envío de pensionados a la "École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures" parisina, con cuyo retorno consigue transformarse en "Real Instituto Industrial" (1850). Aparte destaca su proyección social, tanto en su papel de oficina de patentes como en la promoción de exposiciones industriales.

En els marges de la ciència?: Frenologia i mesmerisme en una cultura industrial, Barcelona 1842-1845

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és estudiar la popularització de la frenologia i del mesmerisme (també conegut com a magnetisme animal) a la Catalunya de mitjan segle XIX. A Catalunya el procés de popularització d’aquestes ciències va tenir el seu punt àlgid durant la primera meitat de la dècada de 1840, coincidint amb les activitats del frenòleg Marià Cubí Soler (1801-1875). El treball demostra la importància del context polític i cultural, així com la incomoditat que generaven les pràctiques de frenòlegs i magnetitzadors com a elements clau per entendre les actituds de l’elit intel•lectual catalana vers la introducció d’aquestes noves ciències.

Preliminary study of cooperation in hybrid ad-hoc networks

In this paper, we present a first approach to evolve a cooperative behavior in ad hoc networks. Since wireless nodes are energy constrained, it may not be in the best interest of a node to always accept relay requests. On the other hand, if all nodes decide not to expend energy in relaying, then network throughput will drop dramatically. Both these extreme scenarios are unfavorable to the interests of a user. In this paper we deal with the issue of user cooperation in ad hoc networks by developing the algorithm called Generous Tit-For-Tat. We assume that nodes are rational, i.e., their actions are strictly determined by self-interest, and that each node is associated with a minimum lifetime constraint. Given these lifetime constraints and the assumption of rational behavior, we study the added behavior of the network.

Wealth constraints, skill prices or networks: what determines emigrant selection?

The productive characteristics of migrating individuals, emigrant selection, affect welfare. The empirical estimation of the degree of selection suffers from a lack of complete and nationally representative data. This paper uses a new and better dataset to address both issues: the ENET (Mexican Labor Survey), which identifies emigrants right before they leave and allows a direct comparison to non-migrants. This dataset presents a relevant dichotomy: it shows on average negative selection for Mexican emigrants to the United States for the period 2000-2004 together with positive selection in Mexican emigration out of rural Mexico to the United States in the same period. Three theories that could explain this dichotomy are tested. Whereas higher skill prices in Mexico than in the US are enough to explain negative selection in urban Mexico, its combination with network effects and wealth constraints is required to account for positive selection in rural Mexico.

QoS support in satellite and wireless networks: study under the network simulator (NS-2)

Aquest projecte es basa en l'estudi de l'oferiment de qualitat de servei en xarxes wireless i satel·litals. Per això l'estudi de les tècniques de cross-layer i del IEEE 802.11e ha sigut el punt clau per al desenvolupament teòric d’aquest estudi. Usant el simulador de xarxes network simulator, a la part de simulacions es plantegen tres situacions: l'estudi de la xarxa satel·lital, l'estudi del mètode d'accés HCCA i la interconnexió de la xarxa satel·lital amb la wireless. Encara que aquest últim punt, incomplet en aquest projecte, ha de ser la continuació per a futures investigacions.

Relay-assisted transmission and radio resource management for wireless networks

The following paper presents an overview of the Ph.D Thesis1 presented in [1], which compiles all the research done during the period of time between 2004-2007. In that dissertation the relay-assisted transmission with half-duplex relays is analyzed from different points of view. This study is motivated by the necessity of finding innovative solutions to cope with the requirements of next generation wireless services, and with current radio technology. The use of relayed communications represents a change of paradigm of conventional communications, and requires the definition and evaluation of protocols to be applied to single or multiple-user relay communication. With the two fold goal of enhancing spectral efficiency and homogenize service in cellular communications, system design is investigated at physical (type of transmissions of the relay, decoding mode, ..) and upper layers (resource allocation, dynamic link control).

Label Space Reduction in All-Optical Label Switchiing Networks

Report for the scientific sojourn at the Department of Information Technology (INTEC) at the Ghent University, Belgium, from january to june 2007. All-Optical Label Swapping (AOLS) forms a key technology towards the implementation of All-Optical Packet Switching nodes (AOPS) for the future optical Internet. The capital expenditures of the deployment of AOLS increases with the size of the label spaces (i.e. the number of used labels), since a special optical device is needed for each recognized label on every node. Label space sizes are affected by the wayin which demands are routed. For instance, while shortest-path routing leads to the usage of fewer labels but high link utilization, minimum interference routing leads to the opposite. This project studies and proposes All-Optical Label Stacking (AOLStack), which is an extension of the AOLS architecture. AOLStack aims at reducing label spaces while easing the compromise with link utilization. In this project, an Integer Lineal Program is proposed with the objective of analyzing the softening of the aforementioned trade-off due to AOLStack. Furthermore, a heuristic aiming at finding good solutions in polynomial-time is proposed as well. Simulation results show that AOLStack either a) reduces the label spaces with a low increase in the link utilization or, similarly, b) uses better the residual bandwidth to decrease the number of labels even more.

Empirical studies in industrial location: an assessment of their methods and results

This paper surveys recent evidence on the determinants of (national and/or foreign) industrial location. We find that the basic analytical framework has remained essentially unaltered since the early contributions of the early 1980's while, in contrast, there have been significant advances in the quality of the data and, to a lesser extent, the econometric modelling. We also identify certain determinants (neoclassical and institutional factors) that tend to provide largely consistent results across the reviewed studies. In light of this evidence, we finally suggest future lines of research.

Industrial districts, innovation and I-district

The I-district effect hypothesis establishes the existence of highly intense innovation in Marshallian industrial districts due to the presence of external localization economies. However, industrial districts are characterized by specific manufacturing specializations in such a way that this effect could be due to these dominant specializations. The objective of this research is to test whether the effect is explained by the conditions of the territory or by the industrial specialization and to provide additional evidence of the existence and causes of the highly intense innovation in industrial districts (I-district effect). The estimates for Spain of a fixed effects model interacting territory and industry suggest that the high innovative performance of industrial districts is maintained across sectors whereas the industrial specialization behaves differently depending on the type of local production system in which it is placed. The I-district effect is related to the conditions of the territory more than to the industrial specialization. The territory is a key variable in explaining the processes of innovation and should be considered a basic dimension in the design of innovation and industrial policies.

Desenvolupament d'una xarxa de sensors i actuadors sense fils de propòsit industrial

Aquesta memòria de projecte final de carrera és un estudi i implementació bàsica de l’estat actual en quant a les tecnologies/protocols sense fils existents, en particular centrat en ZigBee sobre la plataforma CC2430 de Texas Instruments, per a una aplicació industrial amb una taxa de transferència de dades baixa, que no presenta un alt grau de complexitat, però que requereix gran versatilitat i fiabilitat.

Congested hubs

Hub congestion is a major problem and a relevant policy issue because it causes delays and many organizational problems at airports that end up implying unpleasant consequences both for air travelers and airlines. In a competitive framework in which carriers choose aircraft size, this paper suggests that airlines schedule too many flights using overly small aircraft, which constitutes a major contributor to congestion. Two- part congestion tolls, accounting for the congestion imposed on other carriers and the congestion imposed on all passengers, are needed to recover e¢ ciency. Finally, we analyze the validity of the results by studying the effects of network size, airport capacity, competition in layover time, and the formation of airline alliances. Keywords: congestion; hub-and-spoke networks; overprovision of frequency; con- gestion internalization; congestion tolls JEL Classiffication Numbers: L13; L2; L93