Educar els fills ��s molt complicat! Els malestars actuals de la socialitzaci�� familiar

En les diferents recerques sobre la socialitzaci�� familiar s��n cada vegada m��s habituals les refer��ncies dels progenitors catalans de classes mitjanes i altes a la complexitat, a les dificultats i a la tensi�� creixent que implica educar els fills i les filles. Sobre aix��, i amb la teoria de la civilitzaci�� de Norbert Elias com a fil conductor, l���article es pregunta pels malestars que actualment travessa la socialitzaci�� familiar i els posa en relaci�� amb quin ��s l���objectiu del mateix proc��s en la nostra societat immersa en un capitalisme financer i flexible. Aix��, si la finalitat ��s la ��socialitzaci�� terci��ria�� (Mead, 1964; Bateson, 1984), dins les fam��lies emergeixen un seguit de neguits i malestars lligats a l���autoritat, l���autonomia, els h��bits, els conflictes i els c��stigs, les normes, les convencions i les prohibicions, etc. que, segons el parer de l���autor, cal comprendre dins del nou context social i econ��mic i en relaci�� amb els nous objectius de l���educaci�� familiar de les fam��lies benestants catalanes.

La dona pagesa, l'oblidada de l'explotaci�� familiar agr��ria: una aproximaci�� a les comarques gironines

The 1982 Agrarian Census is used as the basis of a study of the role of farm wives in family farms in the province of Girona. In spite of the shortcomings of the Agrarian Census, outlined in the first part of the article, this census is the most reliable and detailed source available to identify and evaluate the specific role and share of work of the different members on a family farm. The study clearly demonstrates, on the one hand, the deep-rooted cultural pattern of professional discrimination of farm wives, and, on the other hand, t6eir important role in agriculture, especially in the most dynamic farm units in Girona

Las condiciones de reproducci��n de la unidad familiar campesina en la Catalunya Nova: las "Terres de Lleida"

El trabajo intenta evaluar la dimensi��n m��nima de la tierra que debiera poseer la unidad familiar campesina para garantizar su reproducci��n en el marco hist��rico de la etapa final de la Edad Moderna. Geogr��ficamente, el trabajo se refiere a las tierras del interior llano catal��n, que experimentaron durante el siglo XVIII un notable proceso de colonizaci��n agraria para atender los d��ficits cereal��sticos del litoral catal��n. Dado que la mayor parte del campesinado no disfruta de explotaciones viables econ��micamente, se analizan las estrategias campesinas encaminadas a la obtenci��n de ingresos complementarios. Estas, lejos de situarse en actividades no agrarias, tienen una estrecha relaci��n con la agricultura y con el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales.

The profile of general practitioners (GPs) who publish in selected family practice journals

Background: Providing support for research is one of the key issues in the ongoing attempts to improve Primary Care. However, when patient care takes up a significant part of a GP's time, conducting research is difficult. In this study we examine the working conditions and profile of GPs who publish in three leading medical journals and propose possible remedial policy actions. Findings: The authors of all articles published in 2006 and 2007 in three international Family Medicine journals - Annals of Family Medicine, Family Practice, and Journal of Family Practice - were contacted by E-mail. They were asked to complete a questionnaire investigating the following variables: availability of specific time for research, time devoted to research, number of patients attended, and university affiliation. Only GPs were included in the study. Three hundred and ten relevant articles published between 2006 and 2007 were identified and the authors contacted using a survey tool. 124 researchers responded to our questionnaire; 45% of respondents who were not GPs were excluded. On average GPs spent 2.52 days per week and 6.9 hours per day on patient care, seeing 45 patients per week. Seventy-five per cent of GPs had specific time assigned to research, on average 13 hours per week; 79% were affiliated to a university and 69% held teaching positions. Conclusions: Most GPs who publish original articles in leading journals have time specifically assigned to research as part of their normal working schedule. They see a relatively small number of patients. Improving the working conditions of family physicians who intend to investigate is likely to lead to better research results.

La adquisici��n del castellano por los escolares inmigrantes. El papel del tiempo de estancia y la lengua familiar

Espa��a se ha convertido en los ��ltimos a��os en el mayor receptor de inmigrantes de la Uni��n Europea. Consecuentemente, sus hijos e hijas se han incorporado a nuestras escuelas planteando unos retos hasta hace poco desconocidos. Uno de ellos, y tal vez el que m��s preocupa al profesorado, se refiere al desarrollo de niveles de competencia ling����stica suficientes para poder seguir una escolaridad vehiculada a trav��s de una lengua que en muchas ocasiones tiene poco en com��n con la suya propia (L1). En este contexto, a partir de una muestra de 49 ni��os y ni��as inmigrantes que fueron comparados con un grupo de 44 escolares aut��ctonos de su misma edad y nivel escolar, nuestro trabajo analiza el progreso en el conocimiento de la lengua castellana y la incidencia que en ello tienen factores como el tiempo de estancia en el pa��s de acogida y la lengua familiar. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a un proceso lento y complejo del que no queda excluido incluso aquel alumnado cuya lengua L1 coincide con variantes hispanoamericanas del castellano.

The biological family from the perspective of kinship fostered adolescents

Background: Previous studies emphasise the importance of the biological family to the welfare of fostered adolescents. However, the majority of these studies only take into consideration the viewpoints of the professionals, foster parents and biological parents not those of the adolescents themselves. For this reason little is known about the perceptions the adolescents have and the needs they express. Method: This study has gathered data from 57 adolescents in kinship family fostering in Spain (AFE). The study applied qualitative reseach, using focus groups to gather data and the Atlas.ti programme to analyse the data. The qualitative data give us a more profound understanding of how the fostered adolescents relate to their biological families. Results: The results highlight the specific needs of these adolescents a) an understanding of their family history b) the impact of visits from and relationship with their biological family and c) the relationship between the biological family and the foster family. Conclusions: These findings reveal implications to consider when creating support programmes aimed at this group.

Las escalas de calidad de vida familiar (cdvf-e). Apoyo y orientaci��n para la intervenci��n

The aim of this paper is to present cDVF-E scales for families with children of 0-18 years, on one hand, and over 18 years, on the other, that researchers from five spanish universities have recently validated and standardized to the spanish population. To this end, first, the importance of the construct of quality of family life and its implications for research and practice should be emphasized. Afterwards, we introduce the first international initiatives measuring the quality of family life developed in the first decade of this century. Then the features, dimensions and psychometric properties of the scales are synthetically presented. Finally, the authors encourage practitioners and organizations to use these tools in the context of family-centered model and provides, as a conclusions, some considerations

Influencia de la percepci��n de apoyo y del funcionamiento social en la calidad de vida de pacientes con esquizofrenia y sus cuidadores

Perception of social support and functioning of patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers and its relationship to quality of life are described. Forty-five patients and their 45 relatives, treated at the Mental Health Services in Arica, Chile, participated. Both patients and caregivers in the study have a poor perception of social support with regard to extra-family people, as well as a low social integration. However, patients showed adequate capacity to function within their immediate family. Unlike what was found in developed countries, these patients showed moderate levels of quality of life, with a strong relationship with perceptions of the social support they receive from family and significant others and the ability to establish and maintain social contacts. Quality of life of primary caregivers is linked to patients�� ability to establish and maintain social contacts within the family group, as in other social instances, such as keeping a job. The results of the study suggest the need to consider the design and application of programs of support for these patients and their caregivers, with the central aim of the social functioning of the above-mentioned patients and their familiar and community integration.

El cuidado de los ancianos en el entorno familiar : valoraci��n de los recursos de apoyo mediante grupos de discusi��n

Introduction: in the present study several collectives with knowledge of the reality of family care of the elderly assessed several socia and healthcare resources and suggested several possibilities for improvement. Method: four discussion groups were used as a data collection technique. The groups were composed of caregivers, representatives-users of associations for the elderly, experts in geriatrics, and social services professionals. Results: the various discussion groups positively evaluated the Home Help Service, the Support Teams of the Home Service Programs, Interdisciplinary Community Health Workers Units, Daytime Care Centres, and the Family Rest Programme but suggested some changes to all of them. The discussion groups also indicated the need to improve the material, economic and emotional assistance given to caregivers and asked for training, institutional coordination, anddissemination of information about available resources and assistance. Conclusions: some changes are required to improve the current social and health resources available to families caring for the elderly within the family unit. Among the suggestions for improvement proposed by the participants, many are useful and could easily be applied, whereas others provide an interesting starting point for debate and reflection. Knowledge and understanding of the situation of caregiving families, based on their own experiences and those of the people who know them, is in itself sufficient to initiate and implement changes to provide resources appropriate to their needs

Experi��ncia dels excuidadors i excuidadores principals informals que han tingut cura d'un familiar vell amb dem��ncia despr��s de la seva mort

El treball aqu�� exposat t�� com a objectiu con��ixer i comprendre l���experi��ncia dels excuidadors i excuidadores principals informals que han tingut cura d���un familiar vell amb dem��ncia despr��s de la seva mort. Es plantegen les hip��tesis i els objectius generals i espec��fics. S���hi exposa tamb��, la justificaci�� del tema, l���inter��s, la rellev��ncia a nivell social i professional, i la seva aportaci�� en el m��n de la salut. En l���apartat de l���estat de la q��esti�� i la fonamentaci�� conceptual, despr��s d���una revisi�� bibliogr��fica sobre el tema, es descriuen els diferents apartats que formen part del marc te��ric: perfil de la persona gran dement que rep cures informals , el perfil dels cuidadors/es, les conseq����ncies de tenir cura d���una persona dement, l���estat dels excuidadors/es despr��s de la mort del familiar vell amb dem��ncia i el proc��s de dol. El segon apartat inclou la metodologia, i el m��tode d���investigaci��. A m��s, inclou les matrius d���an��lisi del contingut i del discurs, i es plantegen els resultats en funci�� dels objectius marcats. En la discussi��, a partir de les dades obtingudes, es realitza la seva an��lisi, s���interpreta el resultat i es contraposa amb altres estudis consultats. Finalment s���exposen les conclusions per resumir la informaci�� obtinguda i la metodologia utilitzada. Es realitza una reflexi�� sobre els aprenentatges adquirits i les aportacions del treball i s���apunten noves vies de recerca. En les refer��ncies bibliogr��fiques s���especifiquen les fonts consultades i en els annexos hi consten els models d���entrevista i de matriu per a l���an��lisi de dades, el full de consentiment informat i tamb�� el buidatge i l���an��lisi de les entrevistes.

La desigualdad en el consumo familiar. Diferencias de g��nero en la Espa��a contempor��nea (1850-1930)

In the last few years, Economic Theory has revised two basic ideas around the economics of the household: that family income is the result of the individual income of each of its members (income pooling), and that all family members living in the household have equal access to its resources. Unequal access to family resources (among women and men, on the one hand, and among the elderly, adults and children, on the other), is now understood as an input (for instance, that women eat less food and of worst quality than men), and as an output (for instance that women have poorer health, higher epidemic mortality, or are less tall than men as a result, among other things, of having received less food and poorer medical care, and/or of a heavier workload). Despite the fact that inequality in intra���family consumption has become the center of attention in academic and international agencies, it can still not be found in the agenda of Economic History. In this paper we look at some of the resources consumed by Spanish families in the 19th century: food, alcoholic beverages, clothes and shoes. Medical topographies, our main source, suggest that unequal access to family resources among household members had a strong impact on their health and wellbeing.

Psychological and Family Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Pre-Adolescents

To assess the psychological and family factors associated with suicidal ideation in preadolescent children, we studied a sample of 361 students, average age 9 years old. Twogroups were formed, on the basis of the presence (n = 34) or absence (n = 44) of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was assessed with the Children���s Depression Inventory and the Children���s Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Depression, hopelessness, self-esteem, and perceived family environment were compared in both the suicidal ideation and the control groups. Students with suicidal ideation generally presented greater depressive symptoms and hopelessness, and lower self-esteem and family expressiveness, although there weredifferences both between sexes, and when the variable depression was controlled. Identifying these risk factors in pre-adolescents may have an impact on prevention of suicidal behavior at higher risk ages

Evoluci�� familiar

Ja fa temps que es parla del futur de la fam��lia tradicional, per�� sembla que darrerament aquest tema ha adquirit una especial rellev��ncia, i fins i tot un partit pol��tic ha proposat la creaci�� d'un ministeri de la fam��lia i afers socials. La fam��lia ��s la instituci�� social m��s antiga de la humanitat, anterior a la nostra pr��pia esp��cie, i la seva estructura ha anat canviant al llarg del temps adaptant-se a les diverses situacions. Segons l'antropologia cultural, una fam��lia ��s una unitat social i econ��mica formada com a m��nim per un o m��s progenitors i els seus fills [...].