53 resultados para Denoising, noise, rumore, Total Cariation, Total Variation Weighted


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L'alineació rotacional a l'astroplàstia total de genoll es refereix a la posició dels implants en el pla axial. Un mínim desplaçament afectarà la distribució de la càrrega y variarà l'estabilitat, l'alineació i la cinemàtica de l'articulació. Tot i que hi ha un consens pel que fa als efectes adversos d'una alineació rotacional incorrecta, encara no està clar quines són les referències anatòmiques que cal utilitzar. Les mesures de l'alineació rotacional requereixen un estudi d'alta qualitat. La TC és la modalitat d'imatge d'elecció per a l'estudi postoperatori de l'artroplàstia total de genoll. L'objectiu d'aquest treball es avaluar la capacitat diagnòstica de la TC per a l'estudi de l'alineació rotacional postoperatòria en l'artroplàstia total de genoll i presentar les variacions en el protocol de TC que minimitzen l'artefacte metàl•lic. Aquest estudi avalua la reproductibilitat de l'angle condili posterior, format per l'eix epicondili quirúrgic i la línia bicondilia posterior, mesurant la correlació entre dos observadors. El coeficient de correlació de Pearson mostra una forta correlació positiva (R=0.84) entre els dos observadors. La mitja d'error de les mesures adquirides és de -0.14º amb una desviació estàndar de 2.06º (-0.14 ± 2.06), per la qual cosa la modificació dels paràmetres tècnics de la TC per a la minimització dels artefactes metàl•lics és eficaç per l'avaluació rotacional. No obstant, l'alta magnitud de l'error indica que el radiòleg ha de ser prudent en el diagnòstic de mínimes variacions angulars que impliquin canvis en l'actitud mèdica i terapèutica.

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Valoració de la incidència d’infecció en artroplàstia total primària de genoll al Parc de Salut Mar de Barcelona així com dels factors de risc associats a aquesta infecció, diferenciant factors individuals prequirúrgics i factors relacionats amb la intervenció quirúrgica.

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L’artroplastia total de maluc cimentada, descrita per Charnley, és reconeguda per ser una de les intervencions més exitoses. Analitzem retrospectivament 595 artroplasties primàries tipus Charnley del nostre centre, durant 1986 i 2011. Com a punt final de supervivencia considerem el recanvi protèsic (afluixament asèptic, infecció o luxació), èxitus o pèrdua de seguiment. Els anàlisis de supervivència a llarg plaç, han sigut similars als obtinguts per altres autors. Aquest estudi identifica grups poblacionals que podrien beneficiar-se dels nous implants i tècniques que millorin aquesta exitosa pròtesi, i reafirma els bons resultats d’aquesta cirurgia, inclús a hospitals generals.

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L'objectiu d'aquest projecte és analitzar com optimitzar el temps total d'escala d'una aeronau comercial, per tal de reduir els costos que suposa que l'aeronau estigui en terra. L'anàlisi es realitza a partir de conèixer quines són les operacions mínimes necessàries que cal dur a terme durant el tumaround i en quin ordre convé realitzar- les perquè el temps total sigui mínim. També s'estudien quins són els mètodes científics ja proposats i quins són els usats en l'actualitat. Fruit de l'estudi es proposa un model que permeti reduir els costos derivats de retards, afegint un temps addicional a l'escala, a partir de dades recollides de l'activitat comercial diària a l’aeroport de Barcelona. Dels resultats obtinguts es conclou que interessa afegir un buffer que absorbeixi possibles incidents, però convé que sigui dividit segons la franja horària del dia, per tal que s'adapti al màxim a les necessitats de cada vol, enlloc d'afegir un mateix buffer a tots els vols de qualsevol hora.

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A `next' operator, s, is built on the set R1=(0,1]-{ 1-1/e} defining a partial order that, with the help of the axiom of choice, can be extended to a total order in R1. Besides, the orbits {sn(a)}nare all dense in R1 and are constituted by elements of the samearithmetical character: if a is an algebraic irrational of degreek all the elements in a's orbit are algebraic of degree k; if a istranscendental, all are transcendental. Moreover, the asymptoticdistribution function of the sequence formed by the elements in anyof the half-orbits is a continuous, strictly increasing, singularfunction very similar to the well-known Minkowski's ?(×) function.

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In this article we propose using small area estimators to improve the estimatesof both the small and large area parameters. When the objective is to estimateparameters at both levels accurately, optimality is achieved by a mixed sampledesign of fixed and proportional allocations. In the mixed sample design, oncea sample size has been determined, one fraction of it is distributedproportionally among the different small areas while the rest is evenlydistributed among them. We use Monte Carlo simulations to assess theperformance of the direct estimator and two composite covariant-freesmall area estimators, for different sample sizes and different sampledistributions. Performance is measured in terms of Mean Squared Errors(MSE) of both small and large area parameters. It is found that the adoptionof small area composite estimators open the possibility of 1) reducingsample size when precision is given, or 2) improving precision for a givensample size.

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Por el fondo de un valle de la provincia de Girona mana un conjunto de surgencias cuyo caudal total anual se acercaa medio centenar de hectómetros cúbicos. Controlando no solo la cantidad de agua de salida sino también su calidad desde el punto de vista de su contenido en tritio y a partir de un modelo conceptual de mezcla uniforme de las aguas de recarga, ya com probado en otros sistemas, se acota la cadencia de participación en las surgencias de las distintas recargas anuales, as como el tiempo de renovación del volumen de agua del sistema hidrogeológico

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Monitoring thunderstorms activity is an essential part of operational weather surveillance given their potential hazards, including lightning, hail, heavy rainfall, strong winds or even tornadoes. This study has two main objectives: firstly, the description of a methodology, based on radar and total lightning data to characterise thunderstorms in real-time; secondly, the application of this methodology to 66 thunderstorms that affected Catalonia (NE Spain) in the summer of 2006. An object-oriented tracking procedure is employed, where different observation data types generate four different types of objects (radar 1-km CAPPI reflectivity composites, radar reflectivity volumetric data, cloud-to-ground lightning data and intra-cloud lightning data). In the framework proposed, these objects are the building blocks of a higher level object, the thunderstorm. The methodology is demonstrated with a dataset of thunderstorms whose main characteristics, along the complete life cycle of the convective structures (development, maturity and dissipation), are described statistically. The development and dissipation stages present similar durations in most cases examined. On the contrary, the duration of the maturity phase is much more variable and related to the thunderstorm intensity, defined here in terms of lightning flash rate. Most of the activity of IC and CG flashes is registered in the maturity stage. In the development stage little CG flashes are observed (2% to 5%), while for the dissipation phase is possible to observe a few more CG flashes (10% to 15%). Additionally, a selection of thunderstorms is used to examine general life cycle patterns, obtained from the analysis of normalized (with respect to thunderstorm total duration and maximum value of variables considered) thunderstorm parameters. Among other findings, the study indicates that the normalized duration of the three stages of thunderstorm life cycle is similar in most thunderstorms, with the longest duration corresponding to the maturity stage (approximately 80% of the total time).

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We predict the existence of an anomalous crossover between thermal and shot noise in macroscopic diffusive conductors. We first show that, besides thermal noise, these systems may also exhibit shot noise due to fluctuations of the total number of carriers in the system. Then we show that at increasing currents the crossover between the two noise behaviors is anomalous, in the sense that the low-frequency current spectral density displays a region with a superlinear dependence on the current up to a cubic law. The anomaly is due to the nontrivial coupling in the presence of the long-range Coulomb interaction among the three time scales relevant to the phenomenon, namely, diffusion, transit, and dielectric relaxation time.

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We report on direct experimental evidence of shot noise in a linear macroscopic resistor. The origin of the shot noise comes from the fluctuation of the total number of charge carriers inside the resistor associated with their diffusive motion under the condition that the dielectric relaxation time becomes longer than the dynamic transit time. The present results show that neither potential barriers nor the absence of inelastic scattering are necessary to observe shot noise in electronic devices.

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We study the process of vacuum decay in quantum field theory focusing on the stochastic aspects of the interaction between long- and short-wavelength modes. This interaction results in a diffusive behavior of the reduced Wigner function describing the state of long-wavelength modes, and thereby to a finite activation rate even at zero temperature. This effect can make a substantial contribution to the total decay rate.

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We have analyzed the interplay between an externally added noise and the intrinsic noise of systems that relax fast towards a stationary state, and found that increasing the intensity of the external noise can reduce the total noise of the system. We have established a general criterion for the appearance of this phenomenon and discussed two examples in detail.

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Estrone is a powerful growth-inducing hormone that is present in milk, mainly in the form of fatty acid esters, at concentrations that promote growth in experimental animals. We present here a method useful for the measurement of this natural hormone in foods and applied it to several common dairy products. Samples were frozen, finely powdered, and lyophilized then extracted with trichloromethane/methanol; the dry extract was saponified with potassium hydroxide. The free estrone evolved was extracted with ethyl acetate and was used for the estimation of total estrone content through radioimmunoassay. Application of the method to dairy products showed high relative levels of total estrone (essentially acyl-estrone) in milk, in the range of 1 ¿M, which were halved in skimmed milk. Free estrone levels were much lower, in the nanomolar range. A large proportion of estrone esters was present in all other dairy products, fairly correlated with their fat content. The amount of estrone carried by milk is well within the range, where its intake may exert a physiological response in the sucklings for which it is provided. These growth-inducing and energy expenditure-lowering effects may affect humans ingesting significant amounts of dairy products.