216 resultados para Autorrealización (Psicología)


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Se presenta la versin revisada y actualizada por los autores del protocolo de intervencin psicosocial de la Asociacin de Expertos en Psicosociologa Aplicada - AEPA, correspondiente al trabajo efectuado entre los aos 2008 y 2009.

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En este estudio se compara la intervencin psicolgica por excelencia en casos de obesidad y sobrepeso, la intervencin cognitivoconductual, con la intervencin humanista. Mediante el seguimiento de tres grupos de investigacin a los que se prescriben restricciones propias de una dieta hipocalrica, uno sometido a terapia humanista individual, otro sometido a terapia cognitivoconductual grupal y un tercero sometido a una formacin nutricional (grupo de cuasicontrol), este estudio pretende determinar si un enfoque humanista y la atencin pormenorizada a la idiosincrasia del cliente marcan la diferencia en el tratamiento de la obesidad y/o el sobrepeso.

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Peer-reviewed

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Differences in dimensionality of electroencephalogram during awake and deeper sleep stages. The nonlinear dynamical systems theory provides some tools for the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) at different sleep stages. Its use could allow the automatic monitoring of the states of the sleep and it would also contribute an explanatory level of the differences between stages. The goal of the present paper is to address this type of analysis, focusing on the most different stages. Estimations of dimensionality were compared when six subjects were awake and in a deep sleep stage. Greater dimensionality involves more complexity because the system receives more external influences. If this dimensionality is maximum, we can consider that the time series is a noisy one. A smaller dimensionality involves lower complexity because the system receives fewer inputs. We hypothesized that we would find greater dimensionality when subjects were awake than in a deep sleep stage. Results show a noisy time series during the awake stage, whereas in the sleep stage, dimensionality is smaller, confirming our hypothesis. This result is similar to the findings reached previously by other authors.

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Amb aquest projecte d'intervenci ens agradaria poder posar sobre la taula que l'art terpia s una disciplina, una tcnica dins de la psicologia, que aporta beneficis psico-emocionals als usuaris que la reben; en el cas d'aquest projecte amb nens i adolescents amb cncer a l'Hospital Sant Joan de Du.

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El objetivo de este estudio es describir los beneficios y desventajas que voluntarios de la Asociacin Espaola contra el Cncer (AECC) perciben, as como las barreras que observan que existen para poder realizar dichas actividades. 58 voluntarios participaron en el estudio rellenando un cuestionario sobre los beneficios, desventajas y barreras en su experiencia como voluntarios. Los resultados arrojan que los voluntarios sienten ms beneficios que desventajas, destacando en los costes la poca flexibilidad en algunas actividades de voluntariado. La falta de tiempo y el no disponer de informacin sobre el voluntariado fueron las barreras ms mencionadas. Se observaron diferencias en los costes y beneficios segn el tipo de actividad (asistencial vs. no asistencial), y en las barreras segn la edad de los voluntarios. Los resultados se discuten en forma de posibles mejoras en el trato y seguimiento de los voluntarios oncolgicos.

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Este anlisis descriptivo tiene el objetivo de evaluar la calidad asistencial de una muestra de personas con demencia institucionalizadas usando el Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) como metodologa de observacin sistemtica y de examinar la presencia de pautas asociadas a la psicología social maligna en las residencias observadas. Participaron en el estudio 73 personas con demencia ingresadas en residencias a largo plazo. Los resultados ms relevantes apuntan a la presencia de una cultura de cuidados donde predomina la psicología social maligna y el DCM como un instrumento que permite analizar el comportamiento de las personas con demencia, aportando nuevas variables como el bienestar emocional, la diversidad ocupacional y la calidad de la interaccin social. Se concluye que la implementacin de un modelo de atencin centrado en la persona puede incidir postivamente en el bienestar de las personas con demencia.

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La reserva cognitiva s un concepte hipottic actual que sembla presentar la clau per a fer front al repte de les malalties neurodegeneratives. Aquesta es defineix com aquelles capacitats funcionals del cervell que ajuden a la persona a tolerar un major dany cerebral sense presentar manifestaci clnica al respecte. La estreta relaci del concepte amb els hbits positius de les persones (lifestyles) la converteix en una variable independent per a la intervenci, prevenci i promoci de la salut. Els canvis morfolgics del cervell i la consolidaci de circuits neuronals ms robustos i eficients semblen explicar els mecanismes de funcionament de la reserva cognitiva. Aquesta revisi defineix el concepte de reserva cognitiva i els models que l'expliquen, troba formes de mesurar-la i representar-la, i evidencia la seva relaci amb els lifestyles positius mitjanant estudis epidemiolgics i de neuroimatge, per tal de comprendre millor el concepte i enfocar-lo en una lnia futura d'investigaci.

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Amb aquest projecte de prctiques pretenc concretar actuacions en relaci amb els mbits prototpics d'intervenci en l'educaci formal, com sn l'atenci a la diversitat (concretament dins del Programa de Diversificaci Curricular) i l'acci tutorial amb una perspectiva inclusiva. Per aquest motiu, el meu prcticum actuar principalment a nivell acadmic i d'orientaci professional i personal de l'alumnat de l'Aula Oberta del S.I. Badalona. Concretament s'actuar en l'assessorament curricular (incidint en la competncia social) dins de l'mbit sociolingstic i en la seva orientaci acadmica i professional.

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Traditionally, school efficiency has been measured as a function of educational production. In the last two decades, however, studies in the economics of education have indicated that more is required to improve school efficiency: researchers must explore how significant changes in school organization affect the performance of at-risk students. In this paper we introduce Henry Levins adoption of the X-efficiency approach to education and we describe the efficient and cost-effective characteristics of one Learning Communities Project School that significantly improved its student outcomes and enrollment numbersand reduced its absenteeism rate to zero. The organizational change that facilitatedthese improvements defined specific issues to address. Students school success became the focus of the school project, which also offered specific incentives, selected teachers, involved parents and community members in decisions, and used the most efficient technologies and methods. This case analysis reveals new two elementsfamily training and community involvementthat were not explicit parts of Levins adaptation. The case of the Antonio Machado Public School should attract the attention of both social scientists and policy makers

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Programs evaluation is one of the models developed in the field of Psychological Assessment for determining how interventions or programmes aimed at promoting changes in the social context work. Drug preventive interventions have been the specific object of this type of evaluation. The present study describes stages involved in evaluating drug preventive programs and contemplates the main considerations to take into account to make this type of evaluation more effective in line with recommendations by the main programs evaluation guides

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Aims: The aim of this paper is to know what means for Spanish university students sexual relations, from a sexually transmitted infections prevention point of view. Method: Participants were seven hundred and fifty university students from 18 to 25 years (67.7% women; 65.5% between 18 and 21 years old) selected by multistage proportional sampling. They were asked to give a maximum of three free definitions or examples of sexual relations. They could use the language they feel more comfortable. An example of (vaginal sex) was provided and three blank spaces for answering were marked. Results: 23.5% of participants repeated the example provided (vaginal sex). The other answers were categorized in the following topics: euphemisms (42,3%), sex with penetration (40,3%), divagations (11,2%), sex without penetration (11,1%), anal sex (10,5%), oral sex (5,6%), masturbation (2,4%) and having an orgasm (1,5%). Conclusions: Young peoples meaning of having sex has become more diversified in the last years. These results must be useful in order to design future preventive campaigns

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La gestin y evaluacin del paisaje exige la necesaria convergencia de disciplinas en aras de delimitar los valores que la propia sociedad otorga al paisaje. El establecimiento de metodologas de anlisis de tipo cualitativo parece satisfacer, en la mayora de los casos, las necesidades de la comunidad cientfica en relacin con la catalogacin del paisaje. Las dificultades surgen cuando lo que pretende es clasificar el paisaje a partir de indicadores ms de tipo cualitativo, lo que implica, sin lugar a dudas, la bsqueda de disciplinas que aporten ms luz al ya de por s complejo estudio de los denominados como valores intangibles del paisaje. La Comunicologa representa, en este sentido, un aporte disciplinario novedoso, sobre todo en el sentido de intentar habilitar un lenguaje del paisaje, a partir del cual fijar los cimientos de su interpretacin simblica e identitaria. As, las contribuciones tericas del interaccionismo simblico, de la ecologa humana, de la psicología cognitiva o de la semitica visual, entre otras, permiten vislumbrar las posibilidades de estudio del paisaje desde un punto de vista comunicolgico. En este ensayo se sitan los indicadores de evaluacin de los paisajes en la rbita de la aportacin disciplinar de la Comunicologa. De ah se abre un horizonte de posibilidades infinitas para el que se podra denominar como abordaje comunicolgico del paisaje, con especiales sinergias en la concepcin del paisaje como elemento activo de comunicacin.

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The aim of the research presented in this article is to understand undergraduate students appraisal of the influence of reflective learning methodology in different aspects of their learning, and to obtain evidence of the main difficulties encountered by students and the main contributions of this kind of methodology into their learning process. The study was conducted in four different degree courses (Social education, Environmental sciences, Nursing, and Psychology) at the University of Girona Through the development of a self-report reflective learning questionnaire and its application to 162 students who participated in the experiences, we conclude that reflective learning can be positively assessed as having great potential to train university undergraduates

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This paper provides a map of the scientific productivity of authors affiliated to a Spanish institution and who have addressed one of the most important current topics in schizophrenia: The study of cognitive performance. A search of the Web of Science yielded 125 articles that met the inclusion criteria. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific productivity, we examine several bibliometric indicators, concerning both productivity and impact or visibility. The analysis also focuses on qualitative aspects of key theoretical importance, such as the kinds of cognitive functions that are most often assessed and the tests most widely used to evaluate them in clinical practice. The study shows that interest in the subject of cognitive function in schizophrenia has increased considerably in Spain since the beginning of this century. The results also highlight the need to standardize the type of tests to be used in the cognitive assessment of patients with schizophrenia.